Twitter Results Presentation Deck
Twitter | 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders
Metrics and
non-GAAP
information
We are continually seeking to improve our ability to estimate the total number of spam accounts and
eliminate them from the calculation of our active users, and have made improvements in our spam
detection capabilities that have resulted in the suspension of a large number of spam, malicious automation
and fake accounts. We intend to continue to make such improvements. After we determine an account is
spam, malicious automation or fake, we stop counting it in our MAU, DAU or related metrics. Additionally,
we rely on third-party SMS aggregators and mobile carriers to deliver SMS messages to certain of our
users when we send our SMS messages to such accounts. If, however, we are notified of material
deliverability issues because of, for example, infrastructure issues at the service-provider level or
governmental restrictions based on content, we do not include the affected users in MAUs. We also treat
multiple accounts held by a single person or organization as multiple ers for purposes of calculating our
active users because we permit people and organizations to have more than one account. Additionally,
some accounts used by organizations are used by many people within the organization. As such, the
calculations of our active users may not accurately reflect the actual number of people or organizations
using our platform.
Certain metrics also include users that access Twitter through applications that automatically contact our
servers for regular updates with no discernible user-initiated action involved, which we refer to as third-
party auto-polling MAU. This activity causes our system to count MAUS associated with such applications
as active users on the day or days such contact occurs. As of December 31, 2017, fewer than 8.5% of
MAUS may have been third-party auto-polling MAU.
In addition, our data regarding user geographic location for purposes of reporting the geographic location
of our MAUS is based on the IP address or phone number associated with the account when a user initially
registered the account on Twitter. The IP address or phone number may not always accurately reflect a
user's actual location at the time such user engaged with our platform. For example, a mobile user may
appear to be accessing Twitter from the location of the proxy server that the user connects to rather than
from a user's actual location.View entire presentation