Energy Storage Value and Adoption Analysis

Aggregate System-Wide Benefits Renewable Integration and Emission Benefits Storage reduces WECC-wide emissions in both 2020 and 2030. Storage also reduces Nevada solar curtailments in 2030. Reduction in Nevada Renewable Generation Curtailments, 2030 Impact on WECC-Wide Emissions GWh [Change] - [Base] Base 200 MW 1,000 MW 200 MW 1,000 MW Change in Emissions (tons) Change in Emissions (%) 200 MW 1,000 MW 200 MW 1,000 MW Nevada Total Solar Generation 6,630 Solar Curtailment 57 6,633 54 6,659 28 3 29 2020 Cases -3 -29 CO2 -46,974 -131,998 -0.02% -0.06% Percent Change in Curtailment -5% -51% NOX 135 117 0.06% 0.05% S02 161 351 0.12% 0.26% 2030 Cases C02 NOX -63,162 -79 -234,955 -0.03% -0.10% -455 -0.03% -0.17% SO2 8 -480 0.00% -0.26% In 2020, minimal curtailments with or without storage - In 2030, 1,000 MW of storage significantly reduces curtailments - Storage reduces WECC-wide CO2 emissions in all cases Societal savings of $2.6 to $7.2 million in 2020 and $5.0 to $18.5 million in 2030* Emission reductions valued consistent with U.S. Government Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Carbon. Baseline 2020 value of $54/ton and 2030 value of $79/ton (3% discount rate scenario). See report for results under 5% and 2.5% discount rate scenarios. brattle.com 24

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