Canadian Bail-in Regulations and Economic Fundamentals

Canadian Bail-in Regulations: Jurisdictional Comparison Best in class approach Instrument type Opco senior Holdco senior Holdco senior¹ Holdco senior Ranking in Liquidation Pari passu with deposits and other senior liabilities Structural subordination2 Structural subordination2 Structural subordination2 Senior Deposits Other senior liabilities debt subject to Subordination schematic bail-in Capital Deposits Opco non- preferred senior Contractual subordination² Opco senior / senior preferred / other senior liabilities Holdco senior / senior non-preferred Capital Depositor preference No Yes Yes Yes Yes Participation in equity post resolution Conversion to equity of the bank or an affiliate allows participation in the upside, if any³ N/a4 Uncertain given possibility of write down Uncertain given Uncertain given possibility of write down possibility of write down Acceleration rights upon failure to pay Yes Yes Yes Yes No 5 principal and interest 1 Applicable in practice for G-SIBS' issuance of non-capital bail-in debt 2 Approach applicable to G-SIBS in relevant jurisdictions. Additionally, Switzerland uses structural subordination, Germany uses statutory subordination, Spain uses contractual subordination 3 Assuming only bail-in is triggered. If other resolution powers are exercised, debt holders could be exposed to losses in a manner similar to a write-down of their claims 4 No bail-in power. In resolution, debtholders could potentially receive partial recoveries (analogous to a write-down) or have their claims satisfied through the issuance of new securities (analogous to a bail-in conversion) 5 The terms of senior non-preferred do not include acceleration rights upon failure to pay principal and interest; however, there is no statutory restriction in this regard. Once resolution proceedings are underway, holders may declare an event of default for failure to meet payment obligations Scotiabank® 56

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