Windsor Framework & Northern Ireland Protocol Overview

Monetary tightening having effect NFC lending slowed through 2022, housing impact more on rates EUR, billion Lending to Irish NFCs similar to EA-wide loans, slowed since November 2022 300 250 200 150 100 50 -50 -100 I 2005 2010 2015 After slow initial pass-through, Irish mortgage rates rose back above EA average 4.5 15 4.0 - 13 - 10 3.5 -3 -5 853035 EUR, billion 3.0 Percent 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 I 2020 0.0 | I | I 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 - Ireland Euro Area -Ireland, Loans to Business, 3m rolling, rhs Euro Area, Loans to Business, 3m rolling, lhs Gníomhaireacht Bainistíochta an Chisteáin Náisiúnta National Treasury Management Agency Source: ECB 2023 Source: ECB 20 20

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