Windsor Framework & Northern Ireland Protocol Overview

Fiscal surplus in Ireland Robust revenues mean surpluses expected in short term 2024 General Government surplus expected to be c. 2.7% of GNI* Income tax (+7%) and VAT (+9%) grew in 2023, corporate tax (+5%) after some weakness in H2 10 15 0 N 10 9 % 7 816543210 -20 | I T 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2023 vs 2022 GGB (% GNI*) == Primary Balance (% GNI*) I Income Tax IVAT Excise Corporation Source: CSO, Irish Department of Finance forecasts Source: Irish Department of Finance Gníomhaireacht Bainistíochta an Chisteáin Náisiúnta National Treasury Management Agency LHS chart: GG and primary balance numbers used exclude banking recapitalisations during GFC d-5 -10 -15 25 25

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