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Investor Presentaiton

US Lithium Forecast - A Large Deficit Operating projects (North America) (1) Other projects (North America) (1) kt LCE 600 500 400 300 200 100 Actual 2021 Demand: 46 kt of LCE (1) ― Permitted and financed projects in construction (North America)" -U.S. Battery Market Projected Demand (2) Forecasted 2031 Demand: 604 kt of LCE Forecasted deficit of 119 kt LCE by 2031 Forecasted 2026 Demand: 329 kt of LCE 2021A 2022E 2023E 2024E 2025E 2026E 2027E 2028E 2029E 2030E 2031E Persistent supply gap in North America as demand from the U.S. EV battery sector is expected to grow to 604 kt LCE by 2031 Sources: Benchmark Mineral Intelligence (1) North America Includes Canada, US and Mexico (2) Gwh demand estimates converted into LCE using a 0.8t LCE per GWh factor. 18 . Defense Production Act • Inflation Reduction Act • Streamline Permitting? When President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) into law, clean energy leaders recognized that this was the largest federal investment in alterative energy and sustainability in American history.
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