2023 Battery Summit: Power Up and Take Charge

Cell Chemistries Cathode Chemistries 26% LFP Na-ion <1% NCA 9% NMC Na-ion 65% 70% Anode Chemistries <1% Li-Metal → Graphite Si-Graphite 30% https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023/trends-in-batteries • LFP batteries contrast with other chemistries in their use of iron and phosphorus rather than the nickel, manganese and cobalt found in NCA and NMC batteries. Sodium ion has the dual advantage of relying on lower cost materials than Li-ion, leading to cheaper batteries, and of completely avoiding the need for critical minerals SIDLEY Deloitte. Exponent' 2023 Battery Summit | 30

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