Windsor Framework & Northern Ireland Protocol Overview

Debt to GNI✶ likely fell below 80% in 2023 GG debt to GNI* to fall on nominal growth and surplus position Debt to GNI* likely on downward trajectory; low debt to GDP means proposed EU fiscal rules won't impact Ireland Net debt position is back below EA average, completing a more than decade long journey 175 130 150 110 125 90 100 70 do 75 50 30 50 10 25 I I I 2000 2005 2010 I 2015 2020 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Debt-to-GNI* Debt-to-GDP -Ireland, Net GG Debt % of GNI* Euro Area 19, Net GG Debt % of GDP Gníomhaireacht Bainistíochta an Chisteáin Náisiúnta National Treasury Management Agency Source: CSO, Irish Department of Finance forecasts Source: Eurostat, CSO 31

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