Investor Presentaiton
LITHIUM BRINE IS KEY FOR FUTURE SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY
Brine processing uses less carbon and less water than hard rock lithium sources
•
Lower carbon emissions
•
•
Lithium carbonate produced from brine typically has
less than 1/3 the carbon intensity (CO2 emissions) of
equivalent lithium chemicals produced from hard
rock deposits.
Less water
Brine processing uses less than 1/2 the water as
spodumene processing.
Environmental metrics
Benchmark's life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis
finds that on almost every metric, lithium chemicals
from hard rock sources are more environmentally
damaging than those from brine sources.
EL LITHIUM
Source: Benchmark Lithium ESG Report, March 2023
ENERGY LTD
Environmental impact of spodumene vs brine
Lithium carbonate produced from brine is less carbon and water intensive
than using spodumene ore.
Carbon intensity
(tonnes CO2eq/
LCE tonnes)
Direct water use
(m3/LCE tonnes)
30
05
10
15
20
25
30
LCA Metric Value
Source: Benchmark Global Lithium LCA
Hard Rock
Brine
35
35
ASX:LEL
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