Windsor Framework & Northern Ireland Protocol Overview

Real spending main driver of economy Consumption remains strong despite headwinds EUR, billion Real personal consumption now near pre-pandemic trend Rebound in services has been factor in most recent pick-up in consumption 33 31 29 22 27 25 23 | I | I T T 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Real Personal Consumption - Trend 2015-2019 Source: CSO Index, Jan 2020 = 100 100 8 8 × 8 8 8 50 70 60 80 90 140 130 120 110 Gníomhaireacht Bainistíochta an Chisteáin Náisiúnta National Treasury Management Agency * RHS chart indices are constant prices, seasonally adjusted T 2020 2021 2022 Retail Sales Index Services Index 2023 Source: CSO 16

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