Investor Presentaiton
Incremental Cost per Vehicle
53
U.S. / Canada Tier 3 / LEV III "Near Zero"
Emission Options
Alternative solutions exist but have trade offs
All options include an ORVR (refueling) canister
$100
$10
$1
PHEVS
HEVS/ Turbo
Conventional ICE
Sealed Tanks
(Existing Technology)
Engine purge direction
Heating Elements
Purge Pumps
(Under development)
Low Emission
Honeycombs Honeycombs
"Near Zero" Technology Trade-offs
Weight and cost
Improved fuel-to-air ratio
■ Mechanical and electrical complexity
■
Additional certification complexity
Depressurization emission
management
■ New vs. proven technology
Engine Technology Trends
Turbo charging
Cylinder deactivation
Increased hybridization
Precise direct fuel injection
48-volt systems
Engine downsizing
Start-stop systems
Advanced transmissions
Bulk Carbons
LOW
Engine Purge Level
HIGH
IngevityView entire presentation