Financial Results
Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures
Results and measures in this document are presented on a generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) basis. Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts
are in Canadian dollars and have been derived from our audited annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with International
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. References to GAAP mean IFRS. We use a number of
financial measures to assess our performance, as well as the performance of our operating segments, including amounts, measures and ratios that are
presented on a non-GAAP basis. We believe that these non-GAAP amounts, measures and ratios, read together with our GAAP results, provide readers
with a better understanding of how management assesses results.
Management considers both reported and adjusted results and measures to be useful in assessing underlying ongoing business performance. Adjusted
results and measures remove certain specified items from revenue, non-interest expense and income taxes, as detailed on slide 40. Adjusted results and
measures presented in this document are non-GAAP amounts. Presenting results on both a reported basis and an adjusted basis permits readers to assess
the impact of certain items on results for the periods presented, and to better assess results excluding those items that may not be reflective of ongoing
business performance. As such, the presentation may facilitate readers' analysis of trends. Except as otherwise noted, management's discussion of
changes in reported results in this document applies equally to changes in the corresponding adjusted results.
Non-GAAP amounts, measures and ratios do not have standardized meanings under GAAP. They are unlikely to be comparable to similar measures
presented by other companies and should not be viewed in isolation from, or as a substitute for, GAAP results.
Examples of non-GAAP amounts, measures or ratios include: efficiency, leverage and PCL ratios and growth rates calculated using revenue presented net
of CCPB; pre-provision pre-tax income; tangible common equity; amounts presented net of applicable taxes; adjusted net income, revenues, non-interest
expenses, provision for credit losses, earnings per share, ROE, and other adjusted measures which exclude the impact of certain items such as acquisition
and integration costs, amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, impact of divestitures, restructuring costs, management of fair value changes
on the purchase of Bank of the West, and initial provision for credit losses on Bank of the West purchased loan portfolio. BMO provides supplemental
information on combined operating segments to facilitate comparisons to peers.
Certain information contained in BMO's Management's Discussion and Analysis dated December 1, 2023, for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023 ("2023
Annual MD&A") is incorporated by reference into this document, including the Summary Quarterly Earnings Trend section in the 2023 Annual MD&A.
Quantitative reconciliations of non-GAAP and other financial measures to the most directly comparable financial measures in BMO's financial statements
for the period ended October 31, 2023, an explanation of how non-GAAP and other financial measures provide useful information to investors and any
additional purposes for which management uses such measures, can be found in the Non-GAAP and Other Financial Measures section of the 2023 Annual
MD&A. Further information regarding the composition of our non-GAAP and other financial measures is provided in the Glossary of Financial Terms section
of the 2023 Annual MD&A. The 2023 Annual MD&A is available on the Canadian Securities Administrators' website at www.sedarplus.ca and BMO's
website at www.bmo.com/investorrelations.
BMOM
Financial Results ⚫ December 1, 2023
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