Investor Presentaiton
MORGAN STANLEY BANK ASIA LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Year ended 31 December 2020
3.
f.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Impairment of financial instruments (continued)
Calculation of ECL
ECL are calculated using three main components:
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Probability of default ("PD"): for accounting purposes, the 12-month and lifetime PD represent
the expected point-in-time probability of a default over the next 12 months and over the
remaining lifetime of the financial instrument respectively, based on conditions existing at the
balance sheet date and future economic conditions.
Expected loss given default ("LGD"): the LGD represents expected loss conditional on default,
taking into account the mitigating effect of collateral, including the expected value of the
collateral when realised and the time value of money.
Estimated exposure at default ("EAD"): this represents the expected EAD, taking into account
the expected repayment of principal and interest from the balance sheet date to the default event
together with any expected drawdowns of the facility over that period.
These parameters are generally derived from internally developed statistical models, incorporating
historical, current and forward-looking macro-economic data and country risk expert judgement. The
macro-economic scenarios are reviewed quarterly.
The 12-month ECL are equal to the sum over the next 12 months of quarterly PD multiplied by LGD and
EAD, with such expected losses being discounted at the EIR. Lifetime ECL are calculated using the
discounted present value of total quarterly PDs multiplied by LGD and EAD, over the full remaining life
of the facility.
When measuring ECL, the Company considers multiple scenarios, except where practical expedients are
used to determine ECL. Practical expedients are used where they are consistent with the principles
described above.
The Company measures ECL on an individual asset basis and has no purchased or originated credit-
impaired ("POCI") financial assets.
More information on measurement of ECL is provided in note 24.
Presentation of ECL
ECL is recognised in the income statement within 'Net impairment loss on financial instruments'. ECL
on financial assets measured at amortised cost are presented as an ECL allowance. The allowance reduces
the net carrying amount on the face of the statement of financial position. Where the financial asset is
measured at FVOCI, the loss allowance is recognised as an accumulated impairment amount in other
comprehensive income and does not reduce the carrying amount of the financial asset on the statement
of financial position.
Credit-impaired financial instruments
In assessing the impairment of financial instruments under the ECL model, the Company defines credit-
impaired financial instruments in accordance with the Credit Risk Management Department's policies
and procedures. A financial instrument is credit-impaired when, based on current information and events,
it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all scheduled payments of principal or interest
when due according to the contractual terms of the agreement.
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