Doing Business in Russia
Glossary of terms
Doing Business in Russia 55
AUD
Australian dollar
JSC
BRIC
Brazil, Russia, India And China
Kg
Joint stock companies
Kilogram
BVI
British Virgin Islands
LLC
Limited liability companies
CHF
Swiss franc
OJSC
Open joint stock companies
CIS
Commonwealth of Independent States
PE
Permanent establishment
CJSC
Closed joint stock companies
PIT
Personal income tax
ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning
R&D
Research and developmentи
EUR
Euro
RA
Rating agency
FCZ
Free customs zone
RLE
Russian Link Exchange
FDI
Foreign direct investment
RO
Representative office
FLE
Foreign legal entity
RUB
Russian ruble
FMS
Federal Migration Service
RF
Russian Federation
SEZ
FRF
French Franc
Special economic zone
FZ
Federal law (Federalniy Zakon)
UCT
Unified Customs Tariff
GDP
Gross domestic product
UK
United Kingdom
US
United States
HQS
Highly qualified specialist
USD
United States dollars
ID
Identification
USSR
International Financial Reporting
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
IFRS
Standards
VAT
Value added tax
IT
Information and technology
YoY
Year-on-year
Moscow
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