Energy Storage Value and Adoption Analysis

Approach Storage Technology Assumptions Although our analysis approach is technology agnostic, we simulate batteries with operational characteristics that resemble Li-Ion chemistry. - - Configuration and siting Stand-alone storage, not co-located with solar PV or other generator ⚫ Distribution and transmission connected • Sited in front-of-meter (behind-the-meter use case evaluated separately) -Size of individual storage devices: 5 to 10 MW MWh:MW ratio: 4:1 ⚫ Four hour discharge capability at full output • Consistent with types of storage systems procured in many recent solicitations Round-trip efficiency: 85% Lifespan: 15 years Notes: Assumptions developed with input from the PUCN and PNNL. Our fixed-cost and cost-levelization assumptions include the costs of replacing worn-out battery cells during the 15-year period. We do not assume degradation over time, consistent with the assumption that worn-out battery cells will be replaced throughout the 15-year period. brattle.com 9

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