Irish Sovereign Green Bonds Update
Withdrawal Agreement in 2019 solves Northern Ireland
border issues
Main points of Withdrawal Agreement
The withdrawal agreement is a legally binding international treaty which works in tandem with the free
trade agreement.
Northern Ireland will remain within the UK Customs Union but will abide by EU Customs Union rules -
dual membership for NI.
No hard border on the island of Ireland: the customs border will be in the Irish sea. Goods crossing
from Republic of Ireland to Northern Ireland will not require checks, but goods that are continuing on
to the UK mainland will.
Complex arrangements will be necessary to differentiate between goods going to NI and those
travelling through NI to UK or vice versa. Customs checks at ports, VAT and tariff rebates and alignment
of regulations will be needed.
All of this is backed by a layered consent mechanism, which allows Stormont to opt-out under simple
majority at certain times.
Gníomhaireacht Bainistíochta an Chisteáin Náisiúnta
National Treasury Management Agency
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