Vale Investor Conference Presentation Deck
2022 BofA Securities Global Metals, Mining & Steel Conference
Energy is the name of the game
Low-carbon nickel and copper are the basis for
energy transition
Nickel demand (Mt)¹
4.0
0.3
2021
6.5
2.0
2031
Batteries
Other
high-value
Ni
Copper demand (Mt)¹
Direct
29.7
0.7 0.6
2021
38.5
1.6
3.2
2031
EV
Renewables
Source: Vale's estimates.
1 Total demand. Includes secondary demand (scrap). 2 Assumptions: Biochar@ $250/ton; Electricity@$30/MWh; CCS@$60/ton.CO2
CO₂
High-grade iron ore enabling
steelmaking decarbonization
Fuel cost² (US$/t coal eq.)
3 Natural gas.
Coal
(H₂)
V
NG3 w/ Biocarbon
CCS4
Blue Green
hydrogen hydrogren
Shift to DRI-H₂ increases reductant costs
in steelmaking
High-grade products decrease reductant
consumption and increase productivity
More demand for high-quality direct charge
products (e.g. pellets and briquettes)
4 Carbon capture and storage.
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