#1The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Timor-Leste Agricultural Census 2019 Highlights of Main Report General Directorate of Statistics (GDS), MOF and Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) Dili, 10 November 2020 MINISTÉRIO DA AGRICULTURA E PESCAS RECÇÃO GERAL DE ESTAINICA Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Scope of TLAC 2019 TLAC 2019 was carried out during August to October 2019 • Data was collected in three questionnaires for the agriculture census: - - Form-1 was used in the listing phase of households and institutions and canvassed on census basis Form-2 was used for detailed data collection of agricultural activities of farm households and farm institutions Form-3 was administered to the village (Suco) leaders to collect information on suco particulars, calamities/disasters, availability of economic activities, etc. along with availability of suco level infrastructure. This report presents the data collected in Form-1 and Form-2 only 11/10/2020 1#2Summary Indicators Timor Leste's 452 villages are clustered within 65 sub-municipalities • Sub-municipalities are grouped within 13 municipalities • Some key estimates obtained from the TLAC 2019 are presented for the country as a whole and in some cases, for municipalities in the report Percentage of household agricultural holdings to total households listed by Municipality 100.0 89.4 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Oecusse Aileu Covalima 84.9 83.1 81.0 80.6 79.6 78.3 77.7 77.4 Viqueque Baucau Bobonaro Lautem Liquica Manufahi Ermera 74.8 72.3 71.4 66.1 Ainaro Manatuto Dili 16.7 Timor-Leste 2 11/10/2020#3Listing of Households and Institutions Data Item Number of inhabited enumeration areas listed Total number of private households listed Total population enumerated Total number of agriculture household holdings* listed Total number of farm institutions listed Percentage of household agricultural holdings to total households listed Estimate 2 237 213 417 1 208 070 141 141 597 66% * Household agricultural holding was identified according to the pre-requisite conditions for a minimum cropping area of 0.02 ha and/or having at least: 2 large livestock and/or 3 small livestock and/or a minimum of 10 poultry Agricultural Holdings and Area Area (in Data Items Number hectare) All household agricultural holdings 141 141 216 180 All institutional agricultural holdings Total agricultural holdings 597 3 070 141 738 219 250 Number of households engaged only in fishing activity at least for 15 days during last 12 months Number of households engaged only in aquaculture activity at least for 15 days during last 12 months 3 637 2 069 11/10/2020 3#4Type of Household Agriculture Holding Timor Leste Joint holdings, 3586 Indivi. Holdings, 137554 Around 98 percent (137 554) are individual holdings, and 2 percent (3043) are joint holdings Household Agriculture Holding and Sex of Holder Female holder, 21818 Male holder, 119323 Around 15 percent (21 818) holders are females and rest 85 percent (119 323) holders are males 11/10/2020 4#545000 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Bobonaro Total Area (Ha.) of Household Agricultural Holdings by Municipality 41256 40101 25728 17252 14398 12052 Ermera Baucau Viqueque Dili Ainaro 11891 11368 Aileu Manufahi Liquica Covalima 10849 10126 Oe-Cusse 9233 8555 Lautem Manatuto Percentage of Household Agricultural Holdings by Size Class of Holding 4.00 has. - 10.00 has. - 9.99 has.,. 3.2% 20.00 has. - 19.99 has., 49.99 has., 0.6% 0.9% 50.00 has. - 100 hectares 99.99 has., 0.3% and over, <0.02 has,1% 19.5% 1.00 ha. 3.99. has., 29.5% 0.02 ha. - 0.99 ha., 45.9% 1. Around 66 percent had land measuring less than 1 ha in size, and shared only 8 percent of total agricultural area of the country 2. Nearly 2 percent of household agricultural holdings of size 10 ha or more operated 52 percent of total agricultural land area 5 3371 11/10/2020#63.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 Manufahi Average Area of Household Agricultural Holding Data Item Estimate Average area of household agricultural holding: 1.53ha. i) Operated by male holder 1.55ha. 1.43ha. 1.5 ii) Operated by female holder Average number of parcels per household agricultural holding Average area per parcel in household agricultural holding Percentage of parcels of household agricultural holdings in which temporary crops grown 1.01 ha. 70% Percentage of parcels of household agricultural holdings in which permanent crops grown 45% Average Area (ha.) of Household Agriculture Holding by Municipality Baucau Ainaro Lautem Bobonaro Ermera Timor Leste Dili Manatuto Liquica Aileu Viqueque Oe-Cusse Covalima 6 11/10/2020#72.50 88 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 Bobonaro Dili 2.02 Average Area (Ha.) of Parcel by Municipality 1.25 1.62 1.06 Ermera Manufahi Timor Leste 1.01 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.84 H Viqueque Aileu Liquica Ainaro Baucau Covalima 0.83 Lautem 0.66 0.60 0.52 0.47 Oe-Cusse Manatuto Percentage of Parcels of Household Agricultural Holdings by Land Tenure Otherwise (Squatter) operated 1% Own with certificate from Portuguese 4% Lease in 1% Communal land 2% Own without. certificate 63% Own with certificate from Indonesia 6% Own with other numero referensia or certificate 23% Percentage of parcels of agricultural household holdings owned* is 96%. (* with certificate from Portuguese, or from Indonesia, or with other numero referensia or certificate, or owned without certificate) 7 11/10/2020#8105.0% 100.0% 95.0% 90.0% 85.0% 80.0% 75.0% Parcels Owned by Holders, by Municipality 84.9% 92.0% Baucau Viqueque Manatuto Oe-Cusse Lautem 94.2% 95.4% 95.7% 95.9% 96.5% 97.9% 98.1% Timor Leste Ermera Dili Bobonaro Covalima Liquica Ainaro Number of Institutional Farm Holdings and Area (Ha) by Size Class of Farm Holding 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 63.8% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 30.8% 1.6% 30.8% 8.5% 28.1% 4.2% 0.0% 4.4% 8.1% 6.5% 3.0% %0 0.5% 7.1% 1.3% <0.02 has. 0.02 ha. 1.00 ha. - 4.00 has. 10.00 0.99 ha. 3.99 ha. - 9.99 ha. 20.00 50.00 100 ha. & has. - has. - has. - 19.99 ha. 49.99 ha. 99.99 ha. over -No. of farm institutions -Area About 2 percent of farm institutions with land 50 ha. or more accounted for 71 percent of total institutional farm area of 3070 ha. 8 98.4% 99.2% 99.2% 99.3% 99.5% Aileu Manufahi 11/10/2020#9Crop Cultivation and Agricultural Practices Household Agriculture Holdings Cultivated Crops/Plants by Broad Type of Crops/Plants None, 10.0%- Permanent crops, 3.9% Temporary Both, 62.9% crops, 23.2% 11/10/2020 9#1060.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 14.7% 0.5% 16.8% Percentage of Household Agriculture Holdings and Area Cultivated Crops/Plants by Size Class of Area (Ha.) Cultivated 22.2% 24.4% 5.7% 7.5% 4.8% 2.7% 8.6% <.02 0.02 ha. -1.00 ha. -4.00 has. 0.99 ha. 3.99 has. - 9.99 10.00 20.00 50.00 100 has. - has. - has. hectares has. 19.99 49.99 99.99 and over has. has. has. 1.5% 0.4% 28.7% 12.6% 0.5% ■% of area cultivated ■% of agri. holdings cultivated land 1. The gross area cultivated by all household agriculture holdings was about 509 226 ha during the reference period. 2. About 63 percent of agriculture holdings cultivated with less than 1 ha of land covered 17 percent of gross cultivated area against only 5 percent of agriculture holdings cultivated with 10 ha or more land covered 55 percent of gross cultivated area in the country. Percentage of Gross Area Used for Thirteen Major Crops/ Plants Cultivated during the Reference Period Areca nut 1.9% Taro 2.0% Candlenut 2.1% Papaya 2.4% Sweet... 12.8% Mango 3.6% Teak 4.2% Banana Coconut 5.4% 5.8% 6.3% 7.4% 7.6% Coffee Cassava Rice Corn 18.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 10 11/10/2020#110.0% 40.0% 80.0% 60.0% 72.1% 47.3% 37.9% 20.0% 2 S Aileu Ainaro Baucau Bobonaro Covalima 100.0% 21.6% 120.0% 2.5% 56.1% 44.2% 50.5% 40.2% 40.7% 80.0% 100.0% 51.6% 81.7% 120.0% Cultivated Area by Method of Planting 60.0% 7.6% 40.0% 4.5% 20.0% 8.7% 0.0% Aileu Ainaro Baucau Bobonaro 67.4% 55.2% 64.3% 5.0% 13.6% 4.9% 9.7% 8.7% 14.4% 16.4% atter Covalima Dili Ermera Lin Lautem Manufahi Liquicia Manatuto Oe-cusse 2.38% Viqueque Timor Lleste Cultivated Area by Type of Planting 34.7% 88.7% 35.1% 8,0% 88.2% 36.8% 57.0% 51.8% Dili Monoculture Mixed cropping Scattered Ermera Lautem Liquicia Manatuto Manufahi Oe-cusse Viqueque Timor Leste 14.5% 11 40.4% 81.9% 33.4% 46.2% 33.0% 42.8% 10.7% 50.7% 39.3% 7.0% 9.8% 62.0 88.1% 68.3% 66.4% 11/10/2020#12Tillage Practice Used on Holding Percentage of household agricultural holdings reporting cultivation who did not till their land Of the holdings who tilled their land: 51% 67% Percentage of holdings did conventional tillage Percentage of holdings did conservative tillage 33% Use of Power: 63% Percentage of holdings used manual power 33% Percentage of holdings used machine power 4% Percentage of holdings used animal power Holdings that Irrigated land by Main Source of Irrigation Water Mixed surface Municipal/Gove and underground water, 14.4%. rnment water Other, 2.4% supply, 3.9% Underground water, 11.1% Surface water, 68.1% About 20 percent (28 965) of agricultural households reported irrigation of land 11/10/2020 12#13Holdings that Irrigated land by Method of Irrigation Sprinkler Drip irrigation, Manually by irrigation, 0.4% using hose/bucket. etc, 17.3% Irrigation. by pump, 3.0% Channel irrigation, 23.8% 0.5% Other, 2.2% Natural flow irrigation, 52.8% Holdings that Irrigated land by Main Payment Term of Irrigation Water Paid based on area of land Paid based on volume of water taken,. 1.3% Other, 0.5% irrigated, 2.3% Free of charge, 78.5% Own water Taken/supplie d by other, 17.5% 11/10/2020 13#1470.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Holdings that Used Fertilizer by Type of Fertilizer 37.5% 63.3% Inorganic fertiliser Organic fertiliser 3.4% Bio-fertiliser Around 7852 agriculture households (6 percent) reported use of fertilizer for growing crops and plants Plant Protection Practices 7.0% 6.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.2% 4.2% 3.0% 2.0% 1.7% 1.0% 0.0% Any type of plant protection For insects For diseases fertiliser For weeds For rodents Around 8 538 (6 percent) of all agriculture household holdings reported the used of some type of plant protection for insects fertilizer, for diseases, for weeds and for rodents. 14 11/10/2020#15Holdings that Used Seeds/Planting Materials by Type of Seed/Planting Material Used 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 5.4% Certified seed/planting variety 30.3% Uncertified seed/planting material of modern material of modern variety 56.5% Uncertified seed/planting material of farmer's variety 7.7% Others In the entire country, 28 298 agricultural households (20 percent) used both high yielding and local varieties of seed and planting materials. Holdings that Used Seed/Planting Material by Source of Seed/Planting Material 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Self Production 91.0% Local Market 5.8% Government 0.7% NGO 0.6% Exchange with others 0.8% 228 1.2% Other 15 11/10/2020#1660.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 53.5% ம 5 50.8% Holdings that Received/Accessed Agricultural Information by Source of Information 20.7% Govt. Extensi... Radio Televisio n Newspa... Journal/ Internet Other 21.3% About 16 433 (12 percent) of the household agriculture holdings received or accessed information on agricultural extension services in the country. Raising of Livestock and Poultry 16 farmers NGOS Members 45.9% 45.0% 30.5% Other Sources 22.1% hip... 11/10/2020#17Number of Agricultural Households Owning any Livestock on the day of enumeration by Municipality Manatuto Manufahi Aileu Ainaro Dili Lautem Liquica Covalima Viqueque Oe-Cusse Bobonaro Ermera Baucau 0 5372 6579 6931 7052 7146 9142 9790 9973 12476 12845 13727 15229 17896 10000 15000 20000 5000 Around 95 percent (134 158) of all agricultural households in Timor Leste raised livestock and/or poultry at the time of the census enumeration. Agriculture Households Owning Large Livestock by Size Class of Large Livestock Size class: 5-9, 19.2%. Size class: Size class: 10-19, 9.1% 20+, 4.4% Size class: 0-1, 24.8% Size class: 2-4, 42.6% Among the agriculture households that were raising or keeping livestock, 62 percent reported raising large livestock. 11/10/2020 17 17#18Agriculture Households Owning Small Livestock by Size Class of Small Livestock size class: 10-19, 9.1%. size class: 20+, 2.5% size class: 5-9, 24.2%. size class: 0-2, 38.2% size class: 3- 4, 26.1% Among the agriculture households that were raising or keeping livestock, 92 percent reported raising small livestock. Agriculture Households Owning Poultry by Size Class of Poultry Size class of Size class of poultry: 50-99, 1.5% poultry: Size class of poultry: 100+, 0.4% Size class of 20-49, 12.2% Size class of poultry: 10-19, 29.4% poultry: 0-4, 37.1% Size class of poultry: 5-9, 19.5% Among the agriculture households that were raising or keeping livestock, 82 percent reported keeping poultry. 11/10/2020 18#19Total number of livestock and/or poultry owned on the date of enumeration 75034 Aileu Dili Manufahi Ainaro Liquica Manatuto Covalima Ermera Lautem Oe-Cusse 91047 113401 114637 148377 174257 183486 186034 193216 211140 213045 244332 Bobonaro Viqueque Baucau 319370 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 Estimated 2.3 million livestock and poultry were reported in the country at the time of the census enumeration. Average Number of Livestock and Poultry Birds Raised or Kept Indicator Average number of livestock and poultry birds raised Estimate or kept per agricultural households keeping or raising livestock and/or poultry 16.9 Of them, average number of: Large head livestock raised or kept 3.4 Small head livestock raised or kept 4.9 Pig (Fahi) raised or kept 3.4 Poultry birds raised or kept 8.6 11/10/2020 19#20Agriculture Households Reporting any Use of Veterinary Services by Type of Livestock 5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5% 2.9% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% 4.6% 1.9% Large Head Livestock Small Head Livestock Poultry Among the agricultural households that were raising livestock and poultry, estimated 7 748 (6 percent) reported the use of one of the veterinary services. Agriculture Households Reporting any Use of Veterinary Services by Source of Use NGO, 5.1% Other, 3.7% Private, 22.9% Government, 68.3% 11/10/2020 10 20#211200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 23 Agricultural Households Engaged in Fishing Activity by Degree of Participation 40.5% More or less regularly, Few days, 36.2% Few months, 12.1% Few weeks, 11.3% Estimated 4 405 (3.1 percent) of all agricultural households were engaged in fishing. Agricultural Households Engaged in Fishing Activity by Municipality 19 Aileu Ainaro Baucau 510 359 277 1104 τες Bobonaro Covalima Dili Ermera Lautem 63 Liquica Manatuto 216 480 Manufahi Oe-Cusse 314 106 Viqueque 355 21 24 11/10/2020#22Agricultural Households Reporting Use of Vessel for Fishing by Type of Vessel Used Non-motorized vessel lent from others, 3.9% Non-motorized vessel jointly owned by different households, No vessel used, 24.9% Motorized vessel owned solely by household, 35.2% Non-motorized vessel owned Motorized vessel lent solely by household, from others, Motorized vessel jointly owned by different households, 4.2% 8.8% Agricultural Households Engaged in Aquaculture Activity by Degree of Participation More or less regularly, 32.3% Few months, 12.0% Few days, 48.5% Few weeks, 7.2% Around 4 543 agricultural households were engaged in aquaculture activities, representing just 3.2 percent of all agricultural households in Timor Leste. 11/10/2020 22#23Agricultural Households Engaged in Aquaculture Activity by Municipality Ermera Ainaro Aileu Baucau Viqueque Bobonaro 973 771 594 522 417 268 Manufahi 258 Oe-Cusse 248 Covalima 117 Liquica 111 Lautem 109 Dili 83 Manatuto 72 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Aquaculture Production Facilities Used by Type of Production Facility Hatchery/ nursery, 0.4% Cage Rice-cum-fish culture, culture, 13.8% Others, 0.8% 0.5%. Pen culture, 1.6% Pond culture, 82.9% 11/10/2020 23#2440.0% 35.0% Number of Agricultural Households Reporting Use of Machine and Equipment for Fishing and Aquiculture Gill Net Wood boat 1549 1265 Kilat 910 Tali senar 491 Ketinting... 427 Stick Fish 371 Yamaha... 263 Johnson... 246 Redi tipu Redi... 149 Fiber boat 138 Redi tipu Nilo 94 Fish... 67 Trammel Net 54 Armadilha/bu... ■ 20 Aluminum boat 16 0 500 1000 1500 2000 Percentage of Workers Hired by Agriculture Households by Average Number of Days Worked 33.0% 38.0% 34.6% 34.6% 35.8% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 0-1 days 2-5 days 6-8 days 16.1% 16.3% 16.2% 10.9% 6.7% 9.6% 1.1% 0.6% 0.9% 4.3% 2.5% 3.7% 9-14 days 15-19 days 20 days + ■Male hired workers ■Feale hired workers All hired workers 24 11/10/2020#25Main Payment Terms of Hired Workers Exchange of Other forms of in-kind payment, 1.6% labour, 14.1% In farm. produce, 3.8% In cash, 80.5% Agricultural Population 11/10/2020 25#2635.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 33,977 Population of Agriculture Households by Municipality 35,282 41,828 43,902 47,032 53,076 53,131 61,255 62,075 65,214 76,006 93,817 Agricultural census in 2019 counted a 4.3 percent growth of some 213 417 households over PHC 2015 at the time of listing and reported some 1.21 million people in the country in 2019. Population (3 Yrs. +) of Agriculture Households by Education Level 5.7% 26.2% 27.6% 24.8% Pre school/... Primary Pre Secondary TIMOR-LESTE Secondary Diploma Male 1.6% 3.4% University 3.9% 2.9% No Schooling Female Do not know 30.4% 28.2% 32.6% 26 BOBO. ERMERA BAUCAU 97,621 11/10/2020#27Population (10 Yrs.+) of Agriculture Households by Status of Main Economic Activity 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Timor Leste, 36.7% Male, 57.4% Female, 16.0% Timor Leste, 31.5% Male, 50.2% Female, 12.8% Timor Leste, 63.3% Male, 42.6% Female, 84.0% Persons in labour force Persons working Persons out of labour force Industry of Activity Percentage of working population (10 yrs.+) of agriculture households by industry of activity Growing Growing Animal Rest of Sex of of non- Worker perennial perennial farming of Mixed produ- ction the activities crops crops All 43.6% 8.5% 31.1% 5.8% 10.9% Male 43.6% 8.9% 31.1% 5.9% 10.5% Female 43.6% 7.0% 31.2% 5.4% 12.8% 27 11/10/2020