#1unacademy All Imp Islands of India: Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep Complete Indian Geography Course - UPSC CSE - GS Anirudh Malik ⚫ Lesson Lesson 6 July 20, 2023#2DO unacademy Rann of Kutch 6. Coastline of India Coastline of India Coastal Plains of India Coastline of India Gulf of Kutch Kutch Gulf of Cambay Kathiawari (Gulf of Khambhat) Diu Daman KONKAN COAST (Coastline of submergence) (Coastline of emergence) MALABAR COAST Vembanad Lake UTKAL COAST Chilka Lake Northern Circars ANDHRA COAST Carnatic Plains Pulicat Lake CORAMANDAL COAST (Payan Ghat) (Coastline of emergence)#3unacademy LET'S CRACK UPSC CSE ABOUT ME ANIRUDH MALIK B.TECH - LAFTUL • 6+ YEARS TEACHING EXPERIENCE * TAUGHT 20,000+ STUDENTS • 100+ ASPIRING TEACHERS MENTORED unacademy#4Dhaka unacademy ✓ India has a coastline of 7516.6 Km (6100 km of mainland coastline + coastline of 1197 Indian islands) touching 13 States and Union Territories (UTS). ✓ The straight and regular coastline of India is the result of faulting of the Gondwanaland during the Cretaceous period. ✓ As such the coast of India does not offer many sites for good natural harbours. Kathi wa Coast Di Nager Habe Myan Maharashtra Orissa Bhubaneswartkal Coast Mumbai (Bombay) Konkan Toast Hyderabad Aய Andhra Pradesh Bay of Bengal Andhra Coase Kanaarnataka Arablaroase Sea Andaman Charnai (Madria) Bangalore Pondic Tamil Nadu Pondichery Andaman and Nicobar Islands kanyakuma Lakshadwege Coramandal Coast Anda Se Korpla Maldives Sri Lanka Colombo Laccadive Sex Indian Ocean#5unacademy 良 KathiawarCoast Dio Dad & Nagar Havel Maharashtra Mumbai (Bombay) Konkan Coast Dhaka Orissa Bhubaneswar Utkal Coast Myan Rangoo ® Hyderabad Pan Go Andhra Pradesh Bay of Bengal Andhra Coast Kanna arnataka Arabian Coast Chennai (Madras) Sea Bangalore Andaman Port Blair Pondicherry Pondicherry Pondicher Tamil Nadu Pondicherry Kavaret kanyakumala Lakshadweg Past Thiruvananthap Coromandal Coast Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andam Sea Nicobar Islands Sri Lanka Colombo Laccadive Sea Indian Ocean#6nacademy ✓ Indented coastlines of Europe provide good natural harbours whereas African and Indian coastlines are not indented. The Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea came into being during the Cretaceous or early Tertiary period after the disintegration of Gondwanaland.#7unacademy Coastlines of Emergence and Submergence • Coastline of emergence is formed either by an uplift of the land or by the lowering of the sea level. The coastline of submergence is an exact opposite case. Submergent & Emergent Landforms · Bars, spits, lagoons, salt marshes, beaches, sea cliffs and arches are the typical features of emergence. . The east coast of India, especially its south- eastern part (Tamil Nadu coast), appears to be a coast of emergence.#8unacademy Joints Active beach Wave-cut bench Sea level in the past Land Exposed wave-cut surface bench nses Active beach New wave-cut bench Time#9Rann of Kutchącem w.pmflas.com Gulf of Kutch Coastline of India Coastal Plains of India Kutch Gulf of Cambay Kathiawar (Gulf of Khambhat) Diu Daman UTKAL COAST Chilka Lake KONKAN COAST (Coastline of submergence) www (Coastline of emergence) MALABAR COAST Vembanad Lak Northern Circars ANDHRA COAST www.panflax.com Carnatic Plains Pulicat Lake warty.profias.com CORAMANDAL COAST (Payan Ghat) (Coastline of emergence)#10unacademy Coastal plain Beach Drowned valley Low sea level Time Headand High sea level#11unacademy The west coast of India, on the other hand, is both emergent and submergent. The coastline of submergence is an exact opposite case. The northern portion of the coast is submerged as a result of faulting and the southern portion, that is the Kerala coast, is an example of an emergent coast. ✓ Coromandel coast (Tamil Nadu) → Coastline of emergence Malabar coast (Kerala Coast) → Coastline of emergence Konkan coast (Maharashtra and Goa Coast) → Coastline of submergence#12unacademy Mahanadi river Devi river Dhamra Paradip Rushikulya river Olive ridleys nesting beach Gahimatha Posco part site Mass nesting beaches Sporadic nesting beaches#13unacademy CHERLA CHATTISGAR H ORISSA BHADRACHALAM Andhra Pradesh WAZIRABAD ►ELURU CANAL KRISHNA RIVER PEDAGANJAN PULICAT LAKE Tamilnadu GODAVARI RIVER RAJAHMUNDRY KAKINADA WADA KAKINADA CANAL VIJAYAWADA COMMAMMUR CANAL PEDAGANJAM BAY OF OF BENGAL BUCKINGHAM CANAL MERCAUNAM KALUVELLY TANK PONDICHERRY(KALAPETTAI)#14unacademy East Coast of India 1. • Lies between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. 2. • It extends from the Ganga delta to Kanyakumari. 3. . It is marked by deltas of rivers like the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Cauvery. 3. Chilka lake and the Pulicat lake (lagoon) are the important geographical features of the east coast. DINDIGUL MODE VIATHANAM NODI AMU WAT NODI BAY OF AL MUTI CHI TTÖOR SO CUDDALORE-MAG ANTTINAM NODE BURTTALUR PELAMULLUR NOGE ELMAATHURUWALI MOOT#15unacademy 良 KathiawarCoast Dio Dad & Nagar Havel Maharashtra Mumbai (Bombay) Konkan Coast Dhaka Orissa Bhubaneswar Utkal Coast Myan Rangoo ® Hyderabad Pan Go Andhra Pradesh Bay of Bengal Andhra Coast Kanna arnataka Arabian Coast Chennai (Madras) Sea Bangalore Andaman Port Blair Pondicherry Pondicherry Pondicher Tamil Nadu Pondicherry Kavaret kanyakumala Lakshadweg Past Thiruvananthap Coromandal Coast Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andam Sea Nicobar Islands Sri Lanka Colombo Laccadive Sea Indian Ocean#16unacademy Regional Names of The East Coast of India In Orissa (Odisha) it is known as Utkal coast. → From the southern limit of the Utkal plain, stretch the Andhra coast. → In the south of the Andhra plain is the Tamil Nadu coast. → The Tamil Nadu coast and parts of Andhra coast together are known as Coramandal Coast or Payan Ghat. INDIA ANDHRA PRADESH $12 $11 $13 $16 TAMIL ST NADU $18 ORISSA $7 96 $5 WEST BENGAL 5362 BAY OF BENGAL LEGEND Coast Area State Boundary Sampling Sites#17unacademy West Coast of India → The west coast strip extends from the Gulf of Cambay (Gulf of Khambhat) in the north to Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari). Starting from north to south, it is divided into (i) the Konkan coast, (ii) the Karnataka coast and (iii) the Kerala coast. → It is made up of alluvium brought down by the short streams originating from the Western Ghats. Western Coastal Plain The Peninsular Plateau Gujarat Coast Gulf of Kutch Western Ghat Konkan Coast Goa Gulf of Khambhat Arabian Sea Malabar Coast PSCNOTES.in Kanyakumari#18unacademy It is dotted with a large number of coves (a very small bay), creeks (a narrow, sheltered waterway such as an inlet in a shoreline or channel in a marsh) and a few estuaries. ✓ The estuaries, of the Narmada and the Tapti, are the major ones. The Kerala coast (Malabar Coast) has some lakes, lagoons and backwaters, the largest being the Vembanad Lake. Regional Names of The West Coast of India → Konkan coast ↑ Maharashtra coast and Goa coast. → Malabar Coast Kerala and Karnataka coast.#19una Western Coastal Plains of India 6. • Rann of Kachchh in the north to Kanyakumari in the South. 7. . These are narrow plains with an average width of about 65 km. “Gulf of Khambat The Western Consta Pil.. KONKAN COAST MALABAR COAST Kutch and Kathiawar region ✓ Kutch and Kathiawar, though an though an extension of Peninsular plateau (because Kathiawar is made of the Deccan Lava and there are tertiary rocks in the Kutch area), they are still treated as an integral part of the Western Coastal Plains as they are now levelled down. Rann of Kutch Kutch Peninsula Gulf of Kutch Little Rann Kathiawar Peninsula (Saurashtra) Gulf of Khambhat#20unacademy ✓ The Kutch Peninsula was an island surrounded by seas and lagoons. These seas and lagoons were later filled by sediment brought by the Indus River which used to flow through this area. Lack of rains in recent times has turned it into an arid and semi-arid landscape. ✓ Salt-soaked plain to the north of Kutch is the Great Rann. Its southern continuation, known as the Little Rann lies on the coast and south- east of Kachchh. Rann of Kutch Kutch Peninsula Gulf of Kutch Little Rann Kathiawar Peninsula (Saurashtra) Gulf of Khambhat#21unacademy ✓ The Kathiawar Peninsula lies to the south of the Kachchh. The central part is a highland of Mandav Hills from which small streams radiate in all directions (Radial Drainage). Mt. Girnar (1,117 m) is the highest point and is of volcanic origin. The Gir Range is located in the southern part of the Kathiawar peninsula. It is covered with dense forests and is famous as the home of the Gir lion.#22unacademy 1. Gujarat Plain The Gujarat Plain lies east of Kachchh and Kathiawar and slopes towards the west and south-west. r Flain Gujarata Plaio 2. Formed by the rivers Narmada, Tapti, Mahi and Sabarmati, the plain includes the southern part of Gujarat and the coastal areas of the Gulf of Khambhat. Gimar Hills 3. . • The eastern part of this plain is fertile enough to support agriculture, but the greater part near the coast is covered by wind blown loess (heaps of sand).#23unacademy 良 KathiawarCoast Dio Dad & Nagar Havel Maharashtra Mumbai (Bombay) Konkan Coast Dhaka Orissa Bhubaneswar Utkal Coast Myan Rangoo ® Hyderabad Pan Go Andhra Pradesh Bay of Bengal Andhra Coast Kanna arnataka Arabian Coast Chennai (Madras) Sea Bangalore Andaman Port Blair Pondicherry Pondicherry Pondicher Tamil Nadu Pondicherry Kavaret kanyakumala Lakshadweg Past Thiruvananthap Coromandal Coast Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andam Sea Nicobar Islands Sri Lanka Colombo Laccadive Sea Indian Ocean#24unacademy Konkan Plain 1. • The Konkan Plain south of the Gujarat plain extends from Daman to Goa (50 to 80 km wide). 2. .It has some features of marine erosion including cliffs, shoals, reefs and islands in the Arabian Sea. 3. • The Thane creek around Mumbai is an important embayment (a recess in a coastline forming a bay) which provides an excellent natural harbour #++ Location On Map - Highlighted area is Konkan Coast INDIA Outline Map PAKISTAN *Area Enlarge (TIBET) CHINA NEPAL#25unacademy Karnataka Coastal Plain → Goa to Mangalore. → It is a narrow plain with an average width of 30-50 km, the maximum being 70 km near Mangalore. At some places, the streams originating in the Western Ghats descend along steep slopes and make waterfalls. Coastal Karnataka ROAD TRIP Dakshin Kannada • Mangalore Udupi ⚫ Shiroor Kundapur Uttara Kannada ⚫ Bhatkal Gerusoppa Karwar Haveri Uttara Kannada Sirsi Tilvali Ranebennur Gokar Davangere Murdeshwar 2046 Sharavati Valley Wildlife Sanctuary 1494 Udupi O 149 Sringer Shivamogga 369 Bhadravati Chickmagaluru Halebeedu 173 Belur 73 Hassa 75 Mangaluru Dharmasthala O Dakshina Kannada 275 Subrahmanya#26unacademy The Sharavati while descending over such a steep slope makes an impressive waterfall known as Gersoppa (Jog) Falls which is 271 m high. (Angel falls (979 m) in Venezuela is the highest waterfall on earth. Tugela Falls (948 m) in Drakensberg mountains in South Africa is the second highest.) → Marine topography is quite marked on the coast.#27unacademy Kerala Plain The Kerala Plain is also known as the Malabar Plain. ➡ Between Mangalore and Kanyakumari. ➡ This is much wider than the Karnataka plain. It is a low lying plain. ➡ The existence of lakes, lagoons, backwaters, spits, etc. is a significant characteristic of the Kerala coast. The backwaters, locally known as kayals are the shallow lagoons or inlets of the sea, lying parallel to the coastline. Upto 1 m 1 m - 75 m 75 m - 600 m Above 600 m Waterbody KERALA STATE PHYSICAL Brahmagiris + Wayanad Plateau Camel's Hump Mountains Kole Wetlands Attappady Plateau Palakkad Hill Palakkad Gap ← Nelliampathies Vembanad Wetlands Kamman Devan Hills Cardamom Hills Pandalam His Arvankavu Pass Ashambu Hil kilometers#28unacademy The largest among these is the Vembanad Lake which is about 75 km long and 5-10 km wide and gives rise to a 55 km long spit (Marine Landforms). Eastern Coastal Plains of India → Extending from the Subarnarekha river along the West Bengal- Odisha border to Kanyakumari. Andhra Prados Odisha The Eastern Coastal Plain Kanniyakuma It passes through the coastal areas of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. It lise kahvaan tha Esclam Chale and the Rau në Rannal#29unacademy → A major part of the plains is formed as a result of the alluvial fillings of the littoral zone (relating to or on the shore of the sea or a lake) by the rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cauvery comprising some of the largest deltas. In contrast to the West Coastal Plains, these are extensive plains with an average width of 120 km. This plain is known as the Northern Circars between the Mahanadi and the Krishna rivers and Carnatic between the Krishna and the Cauvery rivers.#30unacademy 良 KathiawarCoast Dio Dad & Nagar Havel Maharashtra Mumbai (Bombay) Konkan Coast Dhaka Orissa Bhubaneswar Utkal Coast Myan Rangoo ® Hyderabad Pan Go Andhra Pradesh Bay of Bengal Andhra Coast Kanna arnataka Arabian Coast Chennai (Madras) Sea Bangalore Andaman Port Blair Pondicherry Pondicherry Pondicher Tamil Nadu Pondicherry Kavaret kanyakumala Lakshadweg Past Thiruvananthap Coromandal Coast Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andam Sea Nicobar Islands Sri Lanka Colombo Laccadive Sea Indian Ocean#311. unacademy Utkal Plain • The Utkal Plain comprises coastal areas of Odisha. 2. 3. . It includes the Mahanadi delta. . The most prominent physiographic feature of this plain is the Chilka Lake. 4. • It is the biggest lake and biggest brackish (salt) water (lagoon) lake in the country and its area varies between 780 sq km in winter to 1,144 sq km in the monsoon months. Its length is around 64 km. 5. • South of Chilka Lake, low hills dot the plain.#32unacademy Mahanadi river Devi river Dhamra Paradip Rushikulya river Olive ridleys nesting beach Gahimatha Posco part site Mass nesting beaches Sporadic nesting beaches#33unacademy CHERLA CHATTISGAR H ORISSA BHADRACHALAM Andhra Pradesh WAZIRABAD ►ELURU CANAL KRISHNA RIVER PEDAGANJAN PULICAT LAKE Tamilnadu GODAVARI RIVER RAJAHMUNDRY KAKINADA WADA KAKINADA CANAL VIJAYAWADA COMMAMMUR CANAL PEDAGANJAM BAY OF OF BENGAL BUCKINGHAM CANAL MERCAUNAM KALUVELLY TANK PONDICHERRY(KALAPETTAI)#34unacademy Vembanad Lake (Kerala) is the longest lake in India with a length of 96 km. • Wular Lake (Jammu and Kashmir), is the largest freshwater lake of India (260 sq km). • Gobind Ballabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam) (UP), is the largest human-made lake of India by volume. Shivaji Sagar Lake of Koyna Dam is the largest human-made lake of India by surface area. Rajasthan's Sambhar Lake is the largest inland saltwater lake of India (200 sq km). Tso Lhamo Lake (Sikkim) is India's highest lake (5,330 m) in India.#35unacademy Vizianagaram Vishakhapatnam West Godavari Elutu Krishna Guntur East Godavari Kakinada Machilipatnam Andhra Plain ➡ South of the Utkal Plain and extends up to Pulicat Lake. This lake has been barred by a long sand spit known as Sriharikota Island (ISRO launch facility). ➡ The most significant feature of this plain is the delta formation by the rivers Godavari and Krishna. ➡ The two deltas have merged and formed a single physiographic unit. Kurnool Anantapur Cuddapah Prakasam Ongole Chittoor Nellore Srikakulam#36nacademy The combined delta has advanced by about 35 km towards the sea during recent years. This is clear from the present location of the Kolleru Lake which was once a lagoon at the shore but now lies far inland (Coastline of Emergence). This part of the plain has a straight coast and badly lacks good harbours with the exception of Vishakhapatnam and Machilipatnam. Kurnool Anantapur Vizianagaram Vishakhapatnam West Godavari East Godavari Eluru Kakinada Guntur Krishna Prakasam Ongole Cuddapah Nellore Chittoor Machilipatnam Srikakulam#37unacademy Tamil Nadu Plain The Tamil Nadu Plain stretches for 675 km from Pulicat lake to Kanyakumari along the coast of Tamil Nadu Its average width is 100 km. KARNATAKA The most important feature of this plain is the Cauvery delta where the plain is 130 km wide. The fertile soil and large scale irrigation facilities have made the Cauvery delta the granary of South India. KERALA Carvery ANDHRA PRADESH Tinach TAMIL NADU ДУНІГ ИУД Fannu Cuddalore Chennai PUDUCHERRY#38unacademy The significance of the Coastal Plains 1. • Large parts of the coastal plains of India are covered by fertile soils on which different crops are grown. Rice is the main crop of these areas. 2. ⚫ Coconut trees grow all along the coast. 3. 4. Rann of Kutch Gulf of Kutch Kutch Gulf of Cambay Kathiawar Gulf of Khambhat) Diu Daman Coastline of India Coastal Plains of India UTKAL COAST Chilka Lake • The entire length of the coast is dotted with big and small ports which help in carrying out the trade. KONKAN COAST (Coastline of submergence) (Coastline of emergence) MALABAR COAST Vembanad Lak Northern Circars ANDHRA COAST Carnatic Plains Pulicat Lake CORAMANDAL COAST (Payan Ghat) (Coastline of emergence) • The sedimentary rocks of these plains are said to contain large deposits of mineral oil (KG Basin).#39unacademy 5. 6. • The sands of Kerala coast have a large quantity of monazite which is used for nuclear power. Fishing is an important occupation of the people living in coastal areas. Low lying areas of Gujarat are famous for producing salt. 7. Kerala backwaters are important tourist destinations. 8. 9. Goa provides good beaches. This is also an important tourist destination.#40unacademy 7. Indian Islands ✓ The major island groups of India are Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago (a chain of islands similar in origin) in Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep islands in the Arabian Sea. ✓ Andaman and Nicobar Islands were formed due to the collision between Indian Plate and Burma Minor Plate (part of Eurasian Plate) (Similar to the formation of Himalayas). Deccan Traps 66-68 Lakshadweep 60 Maldives 57 Chagos 49 Saya de Malha 45 Nazareth 31-33 Cargados Carajos 30 Mauritius 8 Reunion 2 Reunion Hotspot volcanic chain#41unacademy ANDAMAN & NICOBAR Landfall Island Coco Channel North Andaman Sound Island Outram Island Interview Island Bay Bengal LEGEND National Highway State Capital Map not to Scale Tarmugli Island North Sentinel Island Smith Island Middle Andaman NH-4 Henry Lawence Island Barren Island John Lawrence Island Havelock Island Neil Island □ PORT BLAIR South Andaman Rutland Island Duncan Passage Little Andaman Ten Degree Channel Car Nicobar Island Chowra Camorta Katchal A Nancowry Sombrero Channel Little Nicobar Island Great Nicobar Island N ZA#421 AL unacademy#43$5 India unacademy dyadabhi Bay of Bengal Myanmar (Burma) Andaman Sea Thaila#44unacademy#45unacademy ANDAMAN Sz NICOBAR LEGEND National Highway State Captai Landfall Island Cocu Chattef Interview Island Termugli idland North Sentinel (Jand North Andaman Sound Island Outram Island Henry Lawence Island Barren Island John Lawrence Island Havelock Island Smith Island Middle Andaman Neil Island PORT BLAIR South Andamen Rutland Island Dunom Pessage Linke Andaman Ten Degree Channel Car Nicobar Island Andam Chowra Camorta Katchel Nancowry Samárara Chanel Little Nicobar Bland Great Nicobar Gird Island#46nacademy ✓ Andaman and Nicobar Islands are the southward extension of Rameswaram Dhanushkody Palk Bay Talaimannar Arakan Yoma range (Myanmar) (Arakan Yoma in itself is an extension of Purvanchal Hills). ✓ Lakshadweep Islands are coral islands. These islands are a part Reunion Hotspot volcanic chain. Adams Bridge Gulf of Mannar Arippu Silavattural Mionar island, Solanta Rama Setu or Adams Bridge#47unacademy INDIA Bangladesh Kolkata Chernal Bay of Sri Lanka China Myanmar Vietnam Bengal Thailand Andaman Islands Port Blair Cambodia Andaman Sea South China Sea Malaysia Indian Ocean Bay of Bengal Flat Island North Passage libid Andaman Islands Spe blang" Long Island Andaman Sea Outram Island D Barren Henry Lawrence Island Island John Lawrence Island Defence KYD HAVELOCK Island tyland ISLAND * Nell Island Port Blair North Sentinel Tamug Island Wanding and Indian Ocean#48unacademy ✔ Other than these two groups there are islands in Indo-Gangetic Delta (they are more a part of the delta than islands) and between India and Sri Lanka (Remnants of Rama Setu or Adams Bridge; formed due to submergence).#49unacademy Andaman and Nicobar Islands This archipelago is composed of 265 big and small islands (203 Andaman islands + 62 Nicobar Islands). The Andaman and Nicobar Islands extend from 6° 45' N to 13° 45' N and from 92° 10' E to 94° 15' E for a distance of about 590 km. → The Andaman Islands are divided into three main islands, i.e. North, Middle and South. North Andaman Middle Andaman Lower Andaman Port Blair Andaman Duncan Passage Sea Little Andaman ANDAMAN ISLANDS Ten Degree Channel Indian Ocean NICOBAR ISLANDS Car Nicobar <Z°<><Z <ZO Z-UOBAR —\JAZA» Tarasa Katchall Bompoka Nancowry Little Nicobar Great Nicobar Andaman and Nicobar Islands#50unacademy ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS Coco Channel Narcondam I. Interview I. Bay of Bengal Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Island (Ross Island) North Andaman Sound I. Middle Andaman Outram I. Barren I. Swaraj Dweep (Havelock Island) South Andaman PORT BLAIR North Rutland I. Sentinel Island Shaheed Dweep (Neil Island) INDIA Duncan Passage Little Andaman Ten Degree Channel Andaman Sea Car Nicobar I. Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chowra I. Camorta I. Nancowry I. Katchal I. Sombrero Channel Little Nicobar I. ZA#51unacademy → Duncan passage separates Little Andaman from South Andaman. → The Great Andaman group of islands in the north is separated by the Ten Degree Channel from the Nicobar group in the south (Prelims 2014). → Port Blair, the capital of Andaman Nicobar Islands, lies in the South Andaman. → Among the Nicobar Islands, the Great Nicobar is the largest. Andaman & Nicobar Islands#52unacademy ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS Coco Channel Narcondam I. Interview I. Bay of Bengal Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Island (Ross Island) North Andaman Sound I. Middle Andaman Outram I. Barren I. Swaraj Dweep (Havelock Island) South Andaman PORT BLAIR North Rutland I. Sentinel Island Shaheed Dweep (Neil Island) INDIA Duncan Passage Little Andaman Ten Degree Channel Andaman Sea Car Nicobar I. Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chowra I. Camorta I. Nancowry I. Katchal I. Sombrero Channel Little Nicobar I. ZA#53unacademy H Andaman & Nicobar Islands Chennai Mayabanda Middle Andaman Narcondam Island North Andaman Pahalgaon Barren Island indicherry South Andaman RITCHES ARCHIPELAGO (ANDAMAN) Herbertabad 0 Port Blair BAY OF BENGAL Karaikal Pondicherry) Aberdeen Duncan Passage Nachuge SRILANKA tate Capital Little Andaman Ten Degree Channel Car Nicobar Island Kakana O Camorta Island Tarasa Dwip Chanumla Tilanchang Dwip Nancowry Island Sambrero Channel Katchall Island Little Nicobar Dakoank Great Nicobar Bananga Indira Point#54runacademy → It is the southernmost island and is very close to Sumatra island of Indonesia. The Car Nicobar is the northernmost island. ➜ Most of these islands are made of tertiary sandstone, limestone and shale resting on basic and ultrabasic volcanoes (Similar to the Himalayas). The Barren Island (the only active volcano in India) and Narcondam Islands (an extinct or dormant volcano), north of Port Blair, are volcanic islands. → Some of the islands are fringed with coral reefs. Many of them are covered with thick forests. Most of the islands are mountainous. → Saddle peak (737 m) in North Andaman is the highest peak.#55unaca Lakshadweep Islands ✓ In the Arabian Sea, there are three types of islands. ✓ (1) Amindivi Islands ✓ (2) Laccadive Islands (consisting of five major islands including Kavaratti) and ✓ (3) Minicoy. L MUMBAI a k S LAKSHADWEEP [Notional Map] MANGALORE h a CHETLAT d BITRA KILTAN ARABIAN SEA W BANGARAM e THINNAKARA KADMAT AMINI CALICUT ANDROTH e AGATI P KAVARATTIA CHERIUM SUHELI I S KALPENT COCHIN a n MINICOY d ТИІСОА S#56unacademy Atoll#57unacademy IL Coral 79#58unacademy -8°N Lakshadweep Bitra Chettlatt 。 Kilttan Perumalpar Amindivi Agatti Kadamatt Doda B 263 NILGI Andrott HILL Cardamom PALGHAT 00 A Suheli Kalpeni Nine Degree Channel Minicoy CARD HILLS Thiruvananthapuram Eight Degree Channel Cape Comorin#59unacademy LAKSHADWEEP Cherbaniani Reef Byramgore Reef Bitra L Peremul Par Reef Arabian Sea INDIA Chetlat I. Kiltan I. Amindivi Islands Kadamat 1. Amini 1, Bangaram 1. Agatti 1. + Laccadive Islands LEGEND Subeli Reef Kavaratti LAKSHADWEEP SEA Nine Degree Channel INDIAN Union Territory Capital Airport Minicoy L Andrott Kalpeni Cheriyam I. OCEAN#60unacademy At present these islands are collectively known as Lakshadweep. The Lakshadweep Islands are a group of 25 small islands. They are widely scattered about 200-500 km south-west of the Kerala coast. Amindivi Islands are the northernmost while the Minicoy island is the southernmost. • All are tiny islands of coral origin (coral depositions on atolls) and are surrounded by fringing reefs. • Andrott (4.9 sq km) is the largest Island. Minicoy (4.5 sq km) is the second largest.#61unacademy LAKSHADWEEP Péremsić Pør Kee Arabian Sea INDIA Chefler I. Amindivi Islands Kadamar L Laccadive Islands Suħric Rect Kavaratti LAKSHADWEEP SEA Nine Degree Channel Andrott A. INDIAN OCEAN LEGEND Union Territory Capital Airport Mags Eight Degree Channel#62unacademy • Most of the islands have low elevation and do not rise more than five meters above sea level (extremely vulnerable to sea level change). Lakshadweep Islands • Their topography is flat and relief features such as hills, streams, valleys, etc. are absent.#63unacademy New Moore Island 1. 2. It is a small uninhabited offshore sandbar landform in the Bay of Bengal, off the coast of the Ganges Brahmaputra Delta region. • It emerged in the Bay of Bengal in the aftermath of the Bhola cyclone in 1970. It keeps on emerging and disappearing. INDIA Raymangal River Haribhanga River INDIV BANGLADESH Calcutta Dhaka Map area NEW MOORE ISLAND ИЕМ WOOBE ІЗГ Wob suey#64unacademy 3. Although the island was uninhabited and there were no permanent settlements or stations located on it, both India and Bangladesh claimed sovereignty over it because of speculation over the existence of oil and natural gas in the region. 4. • The issue of sovereignty was also a part of the larger dispute over the Radcliffe Award methodology of settling the maritime boundary between the two nations.#65umla academy Jamshedpur West Bengal Medinipur Kharagpuro Nikursini Raiboga oRourkela Jhinkpani ¤ Banki AH 46 Halisahar Barasat o Kolkata о Khulna Rajpur Sonarpur Baripada Contai Kakdwip Balasore Bhadrak akatak sha Angul Cuttack Ratanpur Bhubaneshwar Naugaon Puri Saharabedi apuro AH 45 Palasa at Kasibugga 50 mi 100 km Sagar Chowmuhani Rangamati Hathazari Lunglei Kabirhat Barisal Patuakhali Chittagongo Chandanaish Uttar Jaldi Cox's Bazar New Moore Island, India Rajapalong Bay of Bengal Sittwe 0 New Moore Island#66unacademy THANK YOU