#1FACILITATIVE SHARING OF VIEWS – BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 3 December 2018 Ranka Radić#2Presentation outline Part I: Summary of BUR and recent development National context ܀ ܀ GHG inventory ❖ Mitigation actions and effect ܀ Barriers and support needed and received Part II: Experience and lessons learned in participating in the ICA process ܀ ܀ Has participation in the ICA process raised the profile of climate actions at the domestic level? Has the BUR preparation enhanced domestic coordination/ domestic MRV in providing climate related information? If so, how? What's the value addition of the technical analysis of BURS by the team of technical experts? Has the ICA process supported the country to identify capacity building needs? Did the technical analysis supported the country to facilitate its reporting? Part III: Response to questions received#3Part I: Summary of BUR and recent development#4National context Institutional arrangements BiH has prepared and submitted three national communications and two biennial update reports as follows: ܀ ܀ FNC 1990, adopted in 2010, SNC 1991-2001, adopted in 2013, FBUR 2010-2011, adopted in 2015, TNC and SBUR, 2002-2009, 2012,2013, 2014, adopted in 2017 BUR preparation: The project "Bosnia and Herzegovina's Third National Communication under the UNFCCC" was developed and implemented by UNDP in B&H in partnership with Ministry for Spatial Planning, Construction and Ecology of Republic of Srpska as focal point institution for the UNFCCC convention.#5National context Institutional arrangements The Project engaged 48 local experts, most of them employed by relevant public institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina: ❖ Hydrometeorological institutes (listed as authors of TNC and SBUR) ܀ Statistical offices Faculties of mechanical engineering and faculties of natural science Power utilities of RS and B&H Individual experts Bosnia and Herzegovina adopted SBUR by the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 23.05.2017 and submitted its second BUR on 13 June 2017.#6National context National circumstances ܀ BIH decentralized country On climate change the corresponding authorities at the level of entities and Brčko District are as follows: Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina (MOFTER) - coordinating activities and for international relations Ministry of Environment and Tourism of Federation of B&H Ministry of Spatial Planning, Civil Engineering and Ecology of Republic of Srpska (UNFCCC National Focal Point), Department for Communal Works of Brčko District (BD).#7GHG inventory Guideline UNFCCC biennial update reporting guidelines for Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention pursuant to CP Decision 17 (2/CP.17, Annex III, section 3). GHG inventory Mitigation actions Monitoring, reporting, verification process.#8GHG Inventory Methodology ❖ Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF Inventory Software (NAAIS), developed by the UNFCCC Secretariat for Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention Tier 1 methodology ❖NCV for coals, country specific ❖ Default EF#9GHG Inventory Activity data Inventory year 2014 (time series 1990-2014) Continuation of the time series from TNC (2002-2009 and 2012-2013) ✰ GHG emissions and removals by sector and by gas covering the energy, industrial process, agriculture, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) and waste sector Emissions of: CO2, CH 4, N2O and indirect GHGs (SO2, CO, NOX and NMVOC) ❖ Data providers, official statistical publications, questionnaires, sectoral development strategies (energy, agriculture etc.), approved projects, public papers, expert judgement ❖ National energy balance, 2014#101990 0 EMISSIONS CO,-eq (Gg) 5.000 35.000 30.000 25.000 20.000 15.000 10.000 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 YEARS 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 GHG Inventory Total emissions of CO2 eq (Gg) 1990: 34,043.49 GgCO2e (excluding LUCF); 26,619.9 GgCO2e (including LUCF) 2014: 26,062.18 GgCO2e (excluding LUCF); 19,664.51 GgCO2e (including LUCF); 76.5%#11GHG Inventory Share of each sector in total emissions of CO2eq (Gg) The most significant source of CO2 emissions is the energy sector which contributed with about 53% of total CO2 emissions, followed by agriculture (14%), industrial processes (6%) and waste (5%). The share of emissions from other sectors in the total emissions during this period is about 22%. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Energy Industry Agriculture Waste Transport#12GHG Inventory Share of each sector in total emissions of CO2eq (Gg) in 2014 2014: Total emissions: 26,062.18 Gg CO2eq 21,711.93 Gg CO2 119.96 Gg CH4 4% 9% 5.91 Gg N2O 9% Energy sector: 19,734.33 Gg CO2 eq Industrial process: 2,247.36 Gg CO2 eq Agriculture 2,453.00 Gg CO2 eq Waste: LULUCF: 966.00 Gg CO2 eq 6,398.00 Gg CO2 eq 78% Energy Industrial Processes Agriculture Waste#13GHG Inventory Key category analysis Key category 2014 Gas CO₂e (Gg) Level assessment (%) Cumulative total (%) 1A1 Energy Industries CO₂ 14480,94 57 57 1A3b Road Transportation CO, 3053,20 12 69 2 2C1 Metal Production CO 1459,50 6 75 2 1A4 Other sectors CO₂ 1240,72 LO 5 80 4D Agricultural Soils N₂O 1240,00 5 85 1A2 Manufacturing Industries CO, 857,03 3 نيا 88 2 and Construction 4A Enteric Fermentation CH, 798,00 3 91 6A Solid Waste Disposal on Land CH 735,00 3 94 2A1 Cement production CO₂ 728,10 3 نيا 97#14GHG Inventory Uncertainty analysis Estimated uncertainty in the calculation of CO2 emissions for 2014 Source category / GHG Uncertainty of Uncertainty of activity data (%) emission factors (%) Total uncertainty (96) Fuel combustion - coal, CO 2 ±8 ±6 ± 10 Fuel combustion - liquid fuels, CO₂ ±12 +5 ± 13 Fuel combustion - natural gas, CO₂ +5 ±5 сл ±7 The estimated uncertainty of emissions from individual sources is a combination of the individual uncertainties of two elements of emission calculations: ✰ Uncertainties associated with emission factors (from published references or measurements); and ❖ Uncertainties associated with activity data.#15Mitigation actions and effects Mitigation actions H Sectors ܀ ❖ heating, buildings, transport, waste electricity generation, district heating, management, agriculture, and forestry Mitigation scenarios developed until 2040 ❖ 25 measures identified and proposed ❖ Specific modeling involved a quantitative evaluation of time-series GHG emissions and considered taking into account three development scenarios: S1 a baseline scenario ("business as usual"), - S2 - a scenario that assumed partial implementation of mitigation actions (moderate) S3 - an advanced scenario that assumed the implementation of a comprehensive set of mitigation actions (advanced)