#1Togo Global Innovation Index 2021 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 93rd Dominican Republic ranks 93rd among the 132 economies featured in the GII 2021. The Global Innovation Index (GII) ranks world economies according to their innovation capabilities. Consisting of roughly 80 indicators, grouped into innovation inputs and outputs, the Gll aims to capture the multi-dimensional facets of innovation. The following table shows the rankings of Dominican Republic over the past three years, noting that data availability and changes to the GII model framework influence year-on-year comparisons of the Gll rankings. The statistical confidence interval for the ranking of Dominican Republic in the GII 2021 is between ranks 92 and 100. Rankings for Dominican Republic (2019-2021) GII Innovation inputs Innovation outputs 2021 93 93 98 2020 90 94 85 2019 87 90 88 • • Dominican Republic performs better in innovation inputs than innovation outputs in 2021. This year Dominican Republic ranks 93rd in innovation inputs, higher than last year but lower than 2019. As for innovation outputs, Dominican Republic ranks 98th. This position is lower than both 2020 and 2019. 31st 13th Dominican Republic ranks 31st among the 34 upper middle-income group economies. Dominican Republic ranks 13th among the 18 economies in Latin America and the Caribbean.#2Togo Global Innovation Index 2021 EXPECTED VS. OBSERVED INNOVATION PERFORMANCE The bubble chart below shows the relationship between income levels (GDP per capita) and innovation performance (GII score). The trend line gives an indication of the expected innovation performance according to income level. Economies appearing above the trend line are performing better than expected and those below are performing below expectations. Relative to GDP, Dominican Republic's performance is below expectations for its level of development. The positive relationship between innovation and development Gll score 60 60 50 50 40 40 30 20 20 Dominican Republic 7 8 9 10 11 GDP per capita [PPP$ logarithmic scale] Innovation leader Performing above expectations for level of development Performing at expectations for level of development Performing below expectations for level of development 2#3Togo Global Innovation Index 2021 EFFECTIVELY TRANSLATING INNOVATION INVESTMENTS INTO INNOVATION OUTPUTS The chart below shows the relationship between innovation inputs and innovation outputs. Economies above the line are effectively translating costly innovation investments into more and higher-quality outputs. Dominican Republic produces less innovation outputs relative to its level of innovation investments. Innovation input to output performance 60 60 Output score 40 40 20 20 C Dominican Republic 0 & O 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 Input score Income High Upper middle Lower middle Low Fitted line 3#4Togo Global Innovation Index 2021 BENCHMARKING AGAINST OTHER UPPER MIDDLE-INCOME GROUP ECONOMIES AND LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN The seven Gll pillar scores for Dominican Republic Creative outputs Knowledge and technology outputs Institutions 100- Business sophistication Market sophistication Human capital and research Infrastructure Dominican Republic Upper middle income Latin America and the Caribbean Top 10 Upper middle-income group economies Dominican Republic performs below the upper middle-income group average in all Gll pillars. Latin America and the Caribbean Dominican Republic performs above the regional average in Infrastructure.#5Togo Global Innovation Index 2021 OVERVIEW OF RANKINGS IN THE SEVEN GII 2021 AREAS Dominican Republic performs best in Infrastructure and its weakest performance is in Knowledge and technology outputs. The seven Gll pillar ranks for Dominican Republic Infrastructure. Creative outputs Business sophistication Global Innovation Index 2021- Institutions Human capital and research- Market sophistication Knowledge and technology outputs Note: The highest possible ranking in each pillar is one. 5 75 84 86 93 96 102 104 108#6Togo Global Innovation Index 2021 INNOVATION STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES The table below gives an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of Dominican Republic in the Gll 2021. Strengths and weaknesses for Dominican Republic Strengths Weaknesses Code Indicator name Rank Code Indicator name Rank 2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross 50 2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths and science 79 3.1.3 Government's online service 49 2.2.2 Graduates in science and engineering, % 104 3.1.4 E-participation 51 2.3.3 Global corporate R&D investors, top 3, mn US$ 41 3.3 Ecological sustainability 3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use 47 2.3.4 QS university ranking, top 3 74 9 5.2.4 Joint venture/strategic alliance deals/bn PPP$ GDP 125 4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP 31 6.1 Knowledge creation 128 5.2.2 State of cluster development and depth 47 6.1.4 Scientific and technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP 130 5.3.1 Intellectual property payments, % total trade 48 6.1.5 Citable documents H-index 124 5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP 35 6.2.3 Software spending, % GDP 116 6.2.1 Labor productivity growth, % 28 7.1.3 Industrial designs by origin/bn PPP$ GDP 118 7.2.5 Creative goods exports, % total trade 28 7.3.4 Mobile app creation/bn PPP$ GDP 98 6#7Dominican Republic Output rank Input rank Income Region Population (mn) GDP, PPP$ (bn) GDP per capita, PPP$ 98 93 Upper middle LCN 10.8 196.5 18,783 Score/ OGII 2021 rank 93 OGII 2020 rank Score/ 90 Value Rank Value Rank m Institutions 1.1 Political environment 1.1.1 Political and operational stability* 55.1 96 51.7 88 5.1 69.6 60 1.1.2 Government effectiveness* 42.7 91 1.2 Regulatory environment 1.2.1 Regulatory quality* 1.2.2 Rule of law* 51.9 101 42.1 74 37.6 83 Business sophistication Knowledge workers 5.1.1 Knowledge-intensive employment, % 5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % 5.1.3 GERD performed by business, % GDP 5.1.4 GERD financed by business, % 21.8 86 24.7 [86] 16.7 91 ② 23.4 67 n/a n/a n/a n/a 5.1.5 1.2.3 Cost of redundancy dismissal 26.2 106 5.2 Females employed w/advanced degrees, % Innovation linkages 9.5 73 19.4 73 1.3 Business environment 1.3.1 Ease of starting a business* 1.3.2 Ease of resolving insolvency* Human capital and research 61.7 99 85.4 85 38.0 108 18.5 102 5.3 2.1 Education 35.4 105 2.1.1 Expenditure on education, % GDP n/a n/a 2.1.2 Government funding/pupil, secondary, % GDP/cap 13.1 82 5.3.3 ICT services imports, % total trade 2.1.3 School life expectancy, years ○ 14.2 68 5.3.4 FDI net inflows, % GDP 2.1.4 PISA scales in reading, maths and science 334.1 5.3.5 Research talent, % in businesses 79 ○ ◊ 2.1.5 Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary 17.7 86 2.2 Tertiary education 20.1 94 2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross 59.9 50⚫ 6.1 2.2.2 Graduates in science and engineering, % ② 11.6 104 ◇ 2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, % ② 1.7 79 2.3 Research and development (R&D) 0.0 [123] 2.3.1 Researchers, FTE/mn pop. n/a n/a 2.3.2 Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP n/a n/a 2.3.3 Global corporate R&D investors, top 3, mn US$ 2.3.4 QS university ranking, top 3* 0.0 41 O 6.2 0.0 74 Knowledge and technology outputs Knowledge creation 6.1.1 Patents by origin/bn PPP$ GDP 6.1.2 PCT patents by origin/bn PPP$ GDP 6.1.3 Utility models by origin/bn PPP$ GDP 6.1.4 Scientific and technical articles/bn PPP$ GDP 6.1.5 Citable documents H-index Knowledge impact 6.2.1 Labor productivity growth, % 11.7 108 1.6 128◇ 0.1 111 0.1 75 0.1 56 1.1 130 O 2.8 124 O 5.2.1 University-industry R&D collaboration* 5.2.2 State of cluster development and depth* 5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad, % GDP 5.2.4 Joint venture/strategic alliance deals/bn PPP$ GDP 5.2.5 Patent families/bn PPP$ GDP Knowledge absorption 5.3.1 Intellectual property payments, % total trade 5.3.2 High-tech imports, % total trade n/a n/a 0.0 125 O 0.0 79 21.4 85 0.8 48⚫ © 6.5 87 0.3 120 3.6 35 n/a n/a 33.0 102 50.0 47 ● 21.3 96 1.9 28. 6.2.2 New businesses/th pop. 15-64 1.5 69 **Infrastructure 39.6 75 6.2.3 Software spending, % GDP 0.0 116 3.1 Information and communication technologies (ICTs) 63.1 76 6.2.4 ISO 9001 quality certificates/bn PPP$ GDP 6.2.5 High-tech manufacturing, % 1.0 109 n/a n/a 3.1.1 ICT access* 3.1.2 ICT use* 3.1.3 Government's online service* 46.3 95 52.3 78 76.5 49- 6.3 Knowledge diffusion 12.2 83 3.1.4 E-participation* 77.4 51. 6.3.1 Intellectual property receipts, % total trade 6.3.2 Production and export complexity n/a n/a 39.7 69 6.3.3 High-tech exports, % total trade 0 1.8 63 3.2 General infrastructure 3.2.1 Electricity output, GWh/mn pop. 3.2.2 Logistics performance* 3.2.3 Gross capital formation, % GDP 20.9 105 84 1,849.2 6.3.4 ICT services exports, % total trade Creative outputs 0.4 104 28.6 85 20.9 81 19.0 84 3.3 Ecological sustainability 34.6 47 • 7.1 Intangible assets 23.1 90 3.3.1 GDP/unit of energy use 19.4 9 7.1.1 Trademarks by origin/bn PPP$ GDP 38.3 60 3.3.2 Environmental performance* 46.3 68 7.1.2 Global brand value, top 5,000, % GDP 3.2 73 3.3.3 ISO 14001 environmental certificates/bn PPP$ GDP 0.2 121 7.1.3 Industrial designs by origin/bn PPP$ GDP 7.1.4 ICTs and organizational model creation* 0.0 118 O 48.9 85 ■ Market sophistication 39.5 104 7.2 4.1 Credit 24.2 117 4.1.1 Ease of getting credit* 45.0 101 4.1.2 Domestic credit to private sector, % GDP 28.2 99 4.1.3 Microfinance gross loans, % GDP 4.2 Investment 4.2.1 Ease of protecting minority investors* 4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP 0.6 31 34.0 [53] 34.0 118 7.3 Creative goods and services 7.2.1 Cultural and creative services exports, % total trade 7.2.2 National feature films/mn pop. 15-69 7.2.3 Entertainment and media market/th pop. 15-69 7.2.4 Printing and other media, % manufacturing 7.2.5 Creative goods exports, % total trade Online creativity 20.8 [49] n/a n/a 3.5 53 n/a n/a n/a 6 2.2 n/a 28- 8.8 103 n/a n/a 4.2.3 Venture capital investors, deals/bn PPP$ GDP 4.2.4 Venture capital recipients, deals/bn PPP$ GDP n/a n/a n/a n/a 7.3.1 Generic top-level domains (TLDs)/th pop. 15-69 7.3.2 Country-code TLDs/th pop. 15-69 7.3.3 Wikipedia edits/mn pop. 15-69 7.3.4 Mobile app creation/bn PPP$ GDP 2.4 73 1.3 78 33.8 95 0.0 98 O 4.3 Trade, diversification, and market scale 60.3 94 4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted avg., % 0 4.2 77 4.3.2 Domestic industry diversification n/a n/a 4.3.3 Domestic market scale, bn PPP$ 196.5 65 NOTES: ⚫indicates a strength; O a weakness; an income group strength; an income group weakness; * an index; * a survey question. indicates that the economy's data are older than the base year; see Appendix IV for details, including the year of the data, at http://globalinnovationindex.org. Square brackets [] indicate that the data minimum coverage (DMC) requirements were not met at the sub-pillar or pillar level. The Global Innovation Index 2021 34#8مهما Global Innovation Index 2021 DATA AVAILABILITY The following tables list data that are either missing or outdated for Dominican Republic. Code Indicator name Missing data for Dominican Republic Economy Model Source year year 2.1.1 Expenditure on education, % GDP n/a 2017 UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2.3.1 Researchers, FTE/mn pop. n/a 2019 2.3.2 Gross expenditure on R&D, % GDP n/a 2019 UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Eurostat; OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Eurostat; OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators 4.2.2 Market capitalization, % GDP n/a 2019 World Federation of Exchanges 4.2.3 Venture capital investors, deals/bn PPP$ GDP n/a 2020 Refinitiv Eikon 4.2.4 Venture capital recipients, deals/bn PPP$ GDP n/a 2020 Refinitiv Eikon 4.3.2 Domestic industry diversification n/a 2018 United Nations Industrial Development Organization 5.1.3 GERD performed by business, % GDP n/a 2019 5.1.4 GERD financed by business, % n/a 2018 UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Eurostat; OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Eurostat; OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators 5.2.3 GERD financed by abroad, % GDP n/a 2018 UNESCO Institute for Statistics 5.3.5 Research talent, % in businesses n/a 2019 UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Eurostat; OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators 6.2.5 High-tech manufacturing, % n/a 2018 United Nations Industrial Development Organization 6.3.1 Intellectual property receipts, % total trade n/a 2019 World Trade Organization 7.2.1 Cultural and creative services exports, % total trade n/a 2019 World Trade Organization 7.2.3 Entertainment and media market/th pop. 15-69 n/a 2020 PwC 8#9Togo Global Innovation Index 2021 Code Indicator name Economy Model Source year year 7.2.4 Printing and other media, % manufacturing n/a Code Indicator name 2018 United Nations Industrial Development Organization Outdated data for Dominican Republic Economy Model Source year year 2017 2018 UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2017 2018 UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2.1.3 School life expectancy, years 2.2.1 Tertiary enrolment, % gross 2.2.2 Graduates in science and engineering, % 2017 2018 UNESCO Institute for Statistics; Eurostat; OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators 2.2.3 Tertiary inbound mobility, % 2017 2018 UNESCO Institute for Statistics 4.3.1 Applied tariff rate, weighted avg., % 2018 2019 World Bank 5.1.2 Firms offering formal training, % 2016 2019 World Bank 5.3.2 High-tech imports, % total trade 2018 2019 United Nations, COMTRADE 6.3.3 High-tech exports, % total trade 2018 2019 United Nations, COMTRADE 7.2.5 Creative goods exports, % total trade 2018 2019 United Nations, COMTRADE 9#10مهما Global Innovation Index 2021 ABOUT THE GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX The Global Innovation Index (GII) is published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), a specialized agency of the United Nations. Recognizing that innovation is a key driver of economic development, the Gll aims to provide an innovation ranking and rich analysis referencing around 130 economies. Over the last decade, the Gll has established itself as both a leading reference on innovation and a "tool for action" for economies that incorporate the GII into their innovation agendas. Human capital and research Education Tertiary education Research and development (R&D) Infrastructure Information and communication technologies (ICTs) General infrastructure Ecological sustainability Market sophistication Credit Investment Trade, diversification, and market scale Business sophistication Knowledge workers Innovation linkages Knowledge absorption Knowledge and technology outputs Knowledge creation Knowledge impact Knowledge diffusion Source: Global Innovation Index 2021, WIPO. 1000 Do Institutions Political environment Regulatory environment Business environment 000 Creative outputs Intangible assets Creative goods and services Online creativity Innovation input sub-index Innovation output sub-index Global Innovation Index The Index is a ranking of the innovation capabilities and results of world economies. It measures innovation based on criteria that include institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, credit, investment, linkages; the creation, absorption and diffusion of knowledge; and creative outputs. The Gll has two sub-indices: the Innovation Input Sub-Index and the Innovation Output Sub-Index, and seven pillars, each consisting of three sub-pillars. 10 10