#1Woodrow Wilson and The Shandong Problem Presentation by Tian Liao#2Background NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER MARGARET MACMILLAN Foreword by RICHARD HOLBROOKE What Why Goal Findings PARIS 1919 WINNER SAMUEL JOHNSON PRIZE "Illuminating and engrossing...honest and thoroughly engaging The New York Times SIX MONTHS THAT CHANGED THE WORLD#3Anti-China Sentiment in the United States Many Chinese immigrants came to the western part of the US in the second half of the 19th century. They were mostly men, working in the d fields of gold f California, but by the last decades of the century, they faced expulsion from cities such as Seattle and Denver. There were over 200 purges in California. In early 1917, xenophobia was at a new high, and a bill restricting immigration was passed over President Wilson's veto. COME OUT AND RATIFY: Come Everybody! NO MORE CHINESE By Order of Democratic County Central Committe Poster announcing the democratic passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act Pressure from Japan and Great Powers The liberal-leaning Japanese negotiators at Versailles—Baron Makino Nobuaki promised Arthur Balfour, the British foreign secretary, that the Japanese would not protest the racial equality decision at the plenary session if their claims to Shandong were approved. While it is possible that the Japanese were bluffing, the Council of Four approved Japanese concessions in Shandong on April 30, 1919. Shandong (Shantung) Located in the northeastern part of China 1898 Germany controlled Shandong 1915 China agreed to give Shandong to Japan 1919 Shandong was given to Japan 1922 Shandong returned to China Kiautschou B S KIAUTSCHOU 1500000 Wilson's Goal in Paris & His Failed Promise Wilson's goal in Paris wax to pass the League of Nations. Although Wilson wanted to support Wellington Koo to reclaim Shandong, Japan, and many other great powers disagreed with Wilson. As a result, Shandong was given to Japan. This led to the May Fourth movement in China National self-determination and territorial integrity, those Wilsonian principles, seemed unrealistic & Woodrow Wilson The Chinese Communist Party Established in 1920 After Shandong was given to Japan, Chinese nationalists were angry. Some concluded that democracy itself was flawed and wrong for China and that the West would never be China's friend. It was a time of radical change and intellectual ferment. Chinese were impressed that the new communist regime in Russia repudiated old unequal tricties with China. Many Chinese radicals moved towards Marxism. The Shandong Problem By Tian Liao 我們像大勝利的講堂毛澤東和斯大林 China Felt Betrayed Li Durban, ne of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party, said. "This time the war in Europe is over. Have we ever dreamed that humanity and peace won the victory 'just fake signbond of a robber government. Let's look at what was decided at the Paris Conference, which action had the slightest ace of humanny, potice, prace, and light? No decima mode without robber states sacrificing the freedom and rights of weak mation" Washington Naval Conference Wellington Koo, One of the Republic of China's representatives at the Paris Peace Conference of y TREATY TREATY TREATY TREATY CATY Koo refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles. Japan and China signed a bilateral agreement, the Shantung (Shandong) Treaty, which returned control of the province and its railroad to China. Italian Premier Vittorio Orlando, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, French Premier Georges Clemenceau, and U.S. President Woodrow Wilson meeting at Wilson's Paris home prior to the signing of the Versailles Treaty#4Shandong/Shantung Pre world war I (1898): Germany (Japan) Treaty of Versaille (1919): Japan Washington Naval Conference (1920-1922): China 爭力死警 Shandong's location on the map of China 青我送 May Fourth Movement#5Wilson's goal Domestic context Pressure in Paris Treaty of Versailles Meeting at Wilson's Paris home prior to the signing of the Versailles Treaty Wellington Koo, Chinese ambassador in Paris#6Koo's Refusal Protest in Paris and Beijing May 4th Movement Nationalism Communism Impact on China 約條等平不除塵 學大京北人 我們偉大勝利的旗幟毛澤東和斯大林 Oil painting of the May Fourth Movement Propaganda poster of Mao Zedong and Joseph Stalin#7Conclusion and Discussion 平讓大枝清將生种过 Racism Nationalism in China Anti-China sentiments in the US Century of humiliation TRUMP LABELS CORONAVIRUS 'KUNG-FLU'#8References "A Template for Peace", US Naval Institute. "American Experience: The Chinese Exclusion Act", Arizona Public Media. Daniel Echeverría-Jadraque, "The Treaty of Versailles (1919): Glory to Japan and Humiliation to China", 2021. Frank Langfitt, "The Art Of Chinese Propaganda", November 9, 2012, NPR. Wellington Koo, Wikipedia. "Japanese Exclusion and the American Labor Movement: 1900 to 1924", Association of Asian Studies. Jessica Pearce Rotondi, "Before the Chinese Exclusion Act, This Anti-Immigrant Law Targeted Asian Women", History, 2021 Liang Yulong, the May Fourth Movement, oil painting, 1976. Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World, 2003. Margaret MacMillan, Nixon and Mao: The Week That Changed the World, 2007. "New Book Discussion--Driven Out: The Forgotten War Against Chinese Americans", The Wilson Center. Ouyang Junxi, "On the Influence of America on the May Fourth Movement", Research on the History of the Communist Party of China, 2020. "Shandong", Wikipedia. "Shandong Problem", Wikipedia. Tarık Dağdeviren, twitter, December 26, 2017. "Trump Labels Coronavirus 'Kung Flu' at First 2020 Rally - After Health Warnings Bring Low Turnout", Evening Standard, June 21, 2020. "The Washington Naval Conference, 1921-1922", Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State. Yangyang Cheng, "Protesting in the Name of Science: The legacy of China's May Fourth Movement. A Hundred Years After the Rally for "Mr. Science" and "Mr. Democracy," Can the Pursuit of Scientific Truth Bring Political Freedom?", SupChina, April 24, 2019. Mr. www