#1JOINT CIVIL SOCIETY SUBMISSION ON BANGLADESH FOR THE 4TH CYCLE OF THE UPR REVIEW CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN RIGHTS actionaid অ্যাওসেড AOSED CPRD HELVETAS CONCERN worldwide Connecting DORP the WE WORK Disconnect Manusher Jonno Foundation People Change Diakonia the World বাংলাদেশ HEKS EPER Islamic Relief Bangladesh ICCCAD Practical ACTION সুশীলন ((+) Shushllan SDS P WaterAid#2Situation in BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE and HUMAN RIGHTS RECOMMENDATIONS Accepted in the Previous Cycle Viet Nam: Continue efforts in addressing the negative impacts of climate change Gabon: Develop strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change IMPLEMENTATION of Recommendations Formulation of Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan (MCPP) Aimed at gender-responsive, high degrees of resilience to counteract internal migration with operationalizing systematic financing to minimize and avert L&Ds through Mujib Locally Led Adaptation Hubs Increasing protection and resilience of women from climatic shocks and climate-related crises • Supporting housing initiatives like "Ashrayan" to rehabilitate displaced and landless people#3Situation in BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE and HUMAN RIGHTS IMPLEMENTATION of Recommendations Formulation of National Adaptation Plan (NAP) following a country- driven, participatory, gender-responsive and inclusive process to enhance climate resilience, establish justice and safeguard human rights Increased emission reduction targets in the revised NDC in 2021; developed a Roadmap and Action Plan for implementing NDC up to 2041 Updating Bangladesh's own holistic strategy 'Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) in 2021 Updating Climate Change and Gender Action Plan (ccGAP) in 2022 Decision to scrap 10 coal-based power plants in 2021 to align with mitigation targets#4Situation in BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE and HUMAN RIGHTS GAPS in IMPLEMENTATION e.g. Partial Implementation Though a good progress in developing plans and strategies, but their implementation has not been in a right manner Implementation is largely risk-centric and technology focused, hence not addressing social-economic and cultural dimension of climate change impacts Delay in implementation, lack of capacity of the duty bearers, and mal- practices on the ground are marring some well-intended plans, schemes and strategies Negative impacts of climate change remain the root cause that are forcing people to compromise their fundamental human rights#5Situation in BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE and HUMAN RIGHTS NEW DEVELOPMENT Issues related to RIGHT TO LIFE and LIVING STANDARD No significant change in terms of loss of lives, damages of assets, properties since the last cycle of UPR Cyclone Sitrang in 2022 caused death of 24 people, and it's residual impacts still been forcing people to be migrated Death toll by lightning rose from 250 people in 2021 to 362 in 2022 The secondary impacts of climate change on water and health have increased deaths from malaria, dengue fever, dysentery and other water-borne diseases Salinity intrusion made coastal lands unsuitable for cultivation, thereby causing decreased crop yields and increased unemployment and migration Riverbank erosion has been a major reason of displacement from ancestral home in Shariatpur district,#6Situation in BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE and HUMAN RIGHTS NEW DEVELOPMENT Issues related to HOUSING Extreme and repetitive climate events are persistently causing involuntary migration from the coastal and river basin areas, often they are referred as 'climate migrants'. Escaping from the Climate Vulnerabilities, the climate migrants become exposed to more vulnerable condition in the urban slum and squatters, which is a direct denial of their right to adequate housing Yet, there is no specific measures to provide support to the climate migrants; hence number of floating people are in increase in the urban areas Temporary migration has become a very frequent coping strategy for many households in the southwest coastal belt (Khulna and Bagerhat) Climate migrants in the urban slums in Barisal are deprived from adequate accommodation and living environment#7Situation in BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE and HUMAN RIGHTS NEW DEVELOPMENT Issues related to WATER SECURITY Different climate-induced events have seriously impacted water security in the south-western coastal areas. Salinity intrusion has deprived 95% households in Garuikhali and Kumkhali village in Paikgachha, Khulna of access to fresh drinking water. Access to fresh drinking water is further shrunken by restricted mobility as a result of inundation due to high intensity short term rainfall.#8Situation in BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE and HUMAN RIGHTS NEW DEVELOPMENT Issues related to HEALTH SECURITY Women and children in the Southwest Coastal Belt of Bangladesh have been suffering numerous health problems including skin ailments, high blood pressure, pre-eclampsia that are directly associated with climate change High exposure to excessive water salinity has had a direct impact on women's reproductive health issues Due to increased average temperature heat stroke is on rise in the North- west part of the country Due to economic hardship, disaster affected people are bound to refrain from taking any formal medical treatment even in the severe cases like pregnancy Climatic hazards have also harmed mental health of the climate victims#9Situation in BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE and HUMAN RIGHTS NEW DEVELOPMENT Issues related to WOMEN & CHILDREN Women do not get sufficient space in the emergency shelters Adolescents girls of climate migrant families in urban slums face threat and risk of sexual harassment and are married off as a means of risk transfer Female climate migrants face economic challenge and limited availability of dignified jobs; they also suffer lack of access to basic medical facilities In Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira district, children in half of the climate victim families have experienced dropout from school before completing secondary level of schooling due to disaster-driven poverty Mainstream educational institutions often don't admit the students with study gaps, eventually leading to their permanent drop-out from school, increase of child labor and child marriage#10Child Marriage: Transferring risk through Risking life GIRL CHILD perceived as a family BURDEN and RISK People, particularly in the disaster prone areas, consider Child Marriage as an option of Transferring RISK ..... "no man shows any interest in marrying a girl whose family has lost everything....... ...as said by a river eroded family#11Situation in BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE and HUMAN RIGHTS NEW DEVELOPMENT Issues related to SOCIAL SECURITY In Bangabandhu Colony, Barisal, the “migrant" identity has made it difficult for many climate migrants to access social safety net schemes, e.g., old age, pregnancy and disability allowances Having no access to social safety net, the fisherman community in the Bagerhat and Satkhira are forced to take loan at high interest rates of 20 to 96 percent, thereby being pushed into the vicious cycle of extreme poverty#12Situation in BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE and HUMAN RIGHTS NEW DEVELOPMENT Issues related to LOSS & DAMAGE Climate-afflicted people are losing their properties including land, houses, standing crops and all belongings due to the recurrence of cyclones, storm surges, riverbank erosion, flood etc. in different climate hotspots of the country Climate victims have suffered loss of cultural traits because of forced displacement and loss of traditional spaces of cultural festivities#13Situation in BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE and HUMAN RIGHTS RECOMMENDATIONS to the government of BANGLADESH Addressing climate change impacts under Human Rights Obligations; Establishing collaboration with other states for a push for human rights- based response to addressing climate change Building strong and sustainable infrastructures and shelters to protect life and properties of the vulnerable communities from the extreme events. Recognize climate-induced migration, monitor the flow of climate- induced migrants at the origin and destination, Countrywide mapping of climate migrants and develop national database; ensure housing, land, and property for the climate migrants Create sustainable alternative employment for the displaced people through introducing skill-based employment programs in the climate- vulnerable areas#14Situation in BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE and HUMAN RIGHTS RECOMMENDATIONS to the government of BANGLADESH Ensure transparency and accountability in social safety net program; scale up benefits in quantity and coverage to ensure rights of the climate victims. Ensure availability of safe drinking water for the salinity affected coastal people with massive desalinization plants, rainwater harvesting systems, and restoration and management of common water bodies Ensure access to employment opportunities and to health facilities for the women climate migrants Provide special financial support for educational expenses to the children of the disaster-torn families and ensure their admission in education at any time of the year, even if there is a significant study gap#15Thank YOU actionaid HELVETAS Islamic Relief Bangladesh অ্যাওসেড CPRD AOSED CONCERN worldwide 000 100 HEKS EPER Connecting DORP the WE WORK Disconnect Diakonia the World ICCCAD Manusher Jonno Foundation বাংলাদেশ Practical ACTION সুশীলন Shushilan SDS WaterAid ((t))