#1DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF UTTAR PRADESH Dr. Roli Misra Department of Economics University of Lucknow Sharanpur Muzaffarnagar Bijnor Moradabad Baghpat Rampur Moorut Ghaziabad Jyotiba Phule Nagart Gautam Budh Nagar Bulandshahr Pabit Bareilly Budaun Aligarh Mathura Mahamaya Nagar Etah Shahjahanpur Lakhimpur Bahraich Shravasti Santkabir Nagar Sitapur Hardol Mainpur Agra Balrampur Sidharth Nagar Maharajgar Kannauj Gonda Etahwah Barabank Firozabad Lucknow Basti Farrukhabad Auraiya Kanpur Unnao Faizabad Kanpur Urban Rural Ambedk Sultanpur Raibareilly Jalaun 2 Fatehpur Pratapgarh Jhansi Jaunpur Nager Gorakhpur Azamgarh Maus Deoria Ballia Ghazipur Banda Kaushano Mahoba Varanasi, Allahabad Chitrakoot Mirzapur Lalitpur Sant Ravidas Nagar Sonbhadra#2The study of population is concerned with the demographic variables such as births and deaths, migration, mortality etc. and the changes that takes place in these variables over time period. The subject matter of population is related to the quantitative and qualitative aspects of size, structure and territorial distribution of human population in the context of biological, social & economic settings. It also attempts to study the underlying causes of population phenomena and its relationship between economic developments.#3Figure 1: and Table 1:Growth of Population in Uttar Pradesh and India since 1951 Population (in Lakh) 14000 12102 12000 10286 10000 8463 8000 6833 5482 U.P. 6000 4392 3611 India 4000 ㅁ 1996 1662 2000 632 737 883 1109 1320 0 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 Year Year 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 U.P. 11.82 16.66 19.78 25.49 25.55 25.8 20.09 Decadal growth (%) India 13.31 21.51 24.8 24.64 23.86 21.34 17.64 Source: Office of Registrar General of India#418 17.5 17.5 17 16.5 16 15.5 15 14.5 1951 Figure 2: Share of U.P. in India's Population (%) 16.8 1961 16.23 16.11 15.6 16.16 16.49 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 Source: Office of Registrar General of India#5Table 2: Status of Population by Area and Sex in U.P. for the Census 2001 and 2011 Population (in lakh) Annual growth rate Area/Sex 2001 2011 (in %) Male 692 810 1.58 Rural Female 625 743 1.74 Total 1317 1553 1.66 Male 184 235 2.49 Urban Female 161 210 2.68 Total 345 445 2.58 Male 876 1045 1.78 Total Female 786 953 1.94 Total 1662 1998 1.86 Source: Census 2001 and 2011#6Table 3: Other Demographic indicators in U.P and India 2011 Indicators U.P India Total population (in million) 19.9 cr 121.cr Decadal growth rate (%) 20.09 % 17.64% Crude Birth Rate (SRS 2017) 25.9 20.2 Crude Death Rate (SRS 2017) 6.7 6.3 Infant Mortality Rate (SRS 2017) 41 33 Maternal Mortality rates (2015-17) 216 122 Overall Sex Ratio 912 943 Rural 918 949 Urban 894 929 Overall Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years) 902 918 Rural Urban 906 923 885 905 Source: Sample Registration System, Office of Registrar General, India#7Table 4: Proportion of Children in 0-6 years to Total Population (in %) 2001 2011 Decline Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Uttar Pradesh 19.03 18.85 19.22 14.9 14.97 14.82 -4.13 -3.88 -4.4 India 15.93 15.97 15.88 13.12 13.3 12.93 -2.81 -2.67 -2.95 Source: Calculated from Census of India, Office of Registrar General, India#8The proportion of children in 0-6 years is a critical indicator of the perception of people about the status and willingness to have a girl child. Over a period of time there has been decline in the Child Sex Ratio (CSR) in the state. According to 2011 census 31 districts of Uttar Pradesh recorded CSR 900 and below. The scenario was slightly better in 2001 where 23 Districts had CSR 900 and below. However, there is no district among all the districts of Uttar Pradesh having CSR above 950 marks in 2011 (evident from increased red colour in the map. (Refer Figure: 3)#9Figure 3: District-Wise Comparison of CSR between Census 2001 and 2011 in Uttar Pradesh 2001 Saharanpur Muzaffamagar Bijnor Bagpat Meerut Phule Nagar Ghaziabad Rampur Moradabad Gautan Bulandshahr Buddha Nacar Mathura Badaun Aligarh Pilibhit Bareilly Lakhimpur Kheri Shahjahanpur 100 km 60 mi 2011 Saharanpur No. District 2001 Child Sex Ratio 2001 23 900 and Below Muzaffarnagar Binor 16 901 - 925 25 926-950 07 951-975 Ghaziabad 0 976 and above Meerut Jyotica Phule Nagan Rampur Moradabed Shravast Etah Bahraich Sitapur Bairampur Farukhabad Hardol Siddharthnager Maharajganj Mainpur Agra Frozabad Kannauj Lalitpur Etawah Auraiya Kanpur Dehat Kanpur Nagar Jhansi Jalaun Gonda Barabanki Basti Lucknow Kabir Nega Gorkakhpur Faizabad Unnao Ambedkar Nagar Deoria Sultanpur Rae Bareli Pratapgarh Azamgarh( Mau Balia Fatehpur Jaunpur Hamirpur Ghazipur Banda Kaushambi Allahabad Ravidas Varanas Chandauli Mahoba Chitrakooi Mirzapur Sonbhadra Gautan Bulandshahr Buddha Negar Mathura Badaun Agath Agra Firozabad Lalepur Pilibhit Bareily Lakhimpur Kheri Shahjahanpur Shravast Bahraich Sitapur Famkhabad Hardoi Kannauj 100 km 60 mi No. District 2011 31 25 15 0 Child Sex Ratio 2011 900 and Below 901-925 926-950 951-975 0 976 and above Balrampur Siddharthnagan Maharajganj Gonda Barabanki Lucknow Bast Sarf Kushinagar Kabir Nagai Gorkakhpur Faizabad Unnao Ambedkar Nage Deoria Rae Bareli Sultanpur Etawahi Auraiya Kanpur Dehat Kanpur Nagar Jalaun Fatehpur Pratapgarh Jaunpur Azamgarh May Bala Ghazipur Hamirpur Banda Kaushambi Allahabad Ravida Varanasi Neger Chandaul Chitrakoot Jhansi Mahoba Mirzapur Sonbhadra#10Terms Explained Total Fertility Rate (TFR) :Total fertility rate is defined as the average number of children expected to be born per woman during her entire span of reproductive period assuming that the age specific fertility rates, to which she is exposed to, continue to be the same and that there is no mortality. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): Infant mortality rate refers to the measurement of mortality in the first year of life and is computed by (relating) the number of deaths under one year of age divided by 1000 live births in a given year. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) :Maternal Mortality Ratio Refers to the number of women who die as a result of complications of pregnancy or childbearing in a given year per 100,000 live births in that year. Sex Ratio: This has been defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population; it is expressed as ‘number of females per 1000 males' Child Sex Ratio(CSR) is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the age group 0-6 years Crude Death Rate (CDR): is the Number of deaths during the year divided by Mid-year population multiplied by 1000 Crude Birth Rate (CBR): is the Number of live births during the year divided by Mid-year population multiplied by 1000#11India 77 82 81 U.P 165 164 159 169 192 215 251 300 377 548 690 828 Years 1901 1911 921 1931 1941 19 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 Population Density: When we divide the number of persons by the total land area of a region, we get the density of population i.e. number of persons living per sq. km. Table 5: Density of Population per Sq Km 900 800 700 00 90 103 117 142 177 216 267 324 382 600 500 Series3 Series4. 400 300 200 100 0 1901 1911 ப 1921 1931 Source: Office of Registrar General of India 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011#12Literacy Rate A person aged seven and above, who can both read and write with understanding in any language, is treated as literate. A person, who can only read but cannot write, is not literate. Figure 4: Literacy in U.P (in %) 250 200 150 100 Total Male Female 24.37 16.74 42.22 57.18 77.28 68.82 8.36 50 4.07 32.08 54.82 11.23 46.65 35.01 19.17 67.68 56.3 0 12.02 20.87 23.99 32.65 40.71 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011#13Table 6: Composition of Population (%) by Broad Age Group (2015) Age Group Total Rural Urban Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Uttar 30.6 31.1 30 31.9 32.4 31.3 26.6 27.3 25.8 0-14 Pradesh years India 27.3 27.9 26.7 28.9 29.4 28.3 23.9 24.5 23.3 Uttar 62.4 62.1 62.7 61.0 60.8 61.2 66.6 66.1 67.1 15-59 Pradesh years India 64.4 64.1 64.7 62.9 62.6 63.1 67.7 67.2 68.2 Uttar 60 year 7.0 6.7 7.4 7.1 6.8 7.5 6.9 6.6 7.1 Pradesh and above India 8.3 8 8.6 8.3 7.9 8.6 8.4 8.3 8.5#14Demographic Dividend According to United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), demographic dividend means, the economic growth potential that can result from shifts in a population's age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population is larger than the non-working-age share of the population. From table 6 it is obvious that in U.P also the proportion in working age group is 62.4% which is more in urban areas at 66.6% as compared to rural areas (61.0%). This ratio is high when compared to non-working age groups U.P has an advantage of this youth bulge which can be converted as an advantage with investment in health, education, skill development and gainful employment opportunities.#15Policy Interventions • • • • Focus on creating social infrastructure Promoting better investment climate Awareness and Implementation of family planning measures especially in rural areas Focus more on providing quality education at primary level. Making agriculture sector more diversified and viable so as to reduce migration, thus creating pressure on cities.