#1>> OECD Nuclear Energy Agency BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY The NEA Initiative on Fukushima Daiichi Waste Management Hiroshi Rindo Vice-Chair of the NEA Expert Group on Fukushima Waste Management and Decommissioning R&D ICRP Workshop on Surface Disposal on Radioactive Waste 6 November 2017, Fukushima, Japan © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development#2>>> OECD BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES Nuclear Energy Agency NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY Expert Group on Fukushima Waste Management and Decommissioning R&D (EGFWMD) Established under NEA RWMC in March 2014 Objectives - Evaluate management of post-accident waste, with focus on characterization and categorization - Provide a strategic approach to Japanese government to manage waste characterization • Participation - - France, Norway, Russian Federation, UK, Ukraine, US, and Japan (NRA, JAEA, TEPCO) © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2#3>>> OECD Nuclear Energy Agency NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES EGFWMD members . 8 international experts with experience in; - - - - Waste management after Three Mile Island accident Waste management after Chernobyl accident Management of damaged spent fuel and radioactive waste in Kola Peninsula Radioactive waste management after fire at Windscale Pile No 1, Sellafield Waste management and decommissioning R&D for nuclear facilities 3 Japanese experts from - Nuclear Regulation Authority of Japan (NRA) - Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) - TEPCO 3 © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development#4>> OECD BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES 1st meeting 2nd meeting 3rd meeting 4th meeting Nuclear Energy Agency Meetings and Site-visits 5th meeting (Final) Workshop 1-4 July 2014, Fukushima, Japan 27-28 November 2014, Paris, France 23 - 24 March 2015, Paris, France 29 September - 1 October 2015, Kiev, Ukraine 20 - 22 January 2016, Paris, France 6-7 July 2016, Tokyo, Japan NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY Fukushima Daiichi NPP Chernobyl NPP Waste storage facility (July 2014) Waste treatment facility (Oct 2015) YA MARA © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development#5>> OECD BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES Nuclear Energy Agency Table of Contents of final report 1. General Description of Case Studies 2. Regulator / Implementer Interaction 3. Stakeholder Involvement 4. Physical and Chemical Nature of the Waste 5. Radiological Characterisation 6. Waste Classification and Categorization 7. Waste Conditioning, decontamination, and reduction 8. Destination (storage/disposal) Radioactive Waste Management 2016 Management NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY of Radioactive Waste after a Nuclear Power Plant Accident OECD BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES https://www.oecd-nea.org/rwm/pubs/2016/7305-mgmt-rwm-npp-2016.pdf © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY 5#6>> OECD Nuclear Energy Agency BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY Presentation and Publication Results presented at: NEA Workshop on Fukushima Waste Management and Decommissioning R&D 6-7 July 2016 *Shared results and recommendations of EGFWMD report *Discussed waste management and decommissioning issues to be addressed at Fukushima Daiichi NPS Session 4 Technical Issue (2) Session Chair: Hiroshi Rindo Waste disposal Piles of plastic bags are a nuisance. Discharging tritiated water is reasonable, but could cause psychological resistance. People's emotional response should not be dismissed. There is a need for dialogue between a wide variety of stakeholders. Better mutual understanding between stakeholders could change the situation. Hiroshi Michael Christine Rindo Siemann Georges Gerard Laurent WMD) (DECO/NEA) (EGFWMD) Daisuke Sugiyama (CREP Japan) Такая О A © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Nick Jefferies (EGFWMD)#7OECD BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES • - Nuclear Energy Agency Main conclusions presented (1) NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY Case studies: provide substantial information on history of accident waste characterisation and helpful recommendations Strategic objectives and planning Plan is necessary for a series of tasks designed to meet the publicly stated strategic objectives: - identifying who is responsible for implementing each task, and - providing legal powers and resources necessary to implement - ― • Storage and disposal: Waste needs to be characterised, stabilized and safely stored until a final disposal solution is available Optimisation - radiological and non-radiological impacts social and economic factors stakeholder engagement Regulation: Most efficient to use existing standards, techniques and procedures, but often necessary to modify for abnormal conditions © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 7#8OECD BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES Nuclear Energy Agency Main conclusions presented (2) Waste separation - - - NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY Efficient methods are needed to identify and separate waste as non-radioactive, VLLW, LLW, ILW and HLW Especially important to efficiently identify clearable waste, to minimise volume of waste that is treated as radioactive waste Likely to require substantial investment in monitoring and equipment that measures and separates at same time, all in one process © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development#9>>> OECD BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES • Nuclear Energy Agency ④NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY Further International Cooperation needs(1) Improved international guidance needed on application of international recommendations, standards and guidance in post-emergency phase of major nuclear accident All accidents are different! But further international cooperation is needed on pre-planning post-accident decommissioning and radioactive waste management on: - planning that can be done in advance - planning that cannot be performed until the parameters of the accident are understood - - scope for sharing of characterisation resources, staff and equipment nationally and internationally © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development#10>>> OECD Nuclear Energy Agency BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES ④NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY Further International Cooperation needs(2) Improved international guidance needed on: - transition from regulation as emergency to existing or planned exposure situation leading to final recovery - stakeholder engagement, with emphasis on later stages of recovery – risk communication processes - - how to characterise, control and regulate chemical risks alongside the radiological risks © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 10#11>>> OECD BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES Nuclear Energy Agency NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY Main feedback to Japanese Programme Application of international recommendations, standards and guidance Strategic Plan Appropriate storage and stabilization until final disposal ✓ TEPCO (Improvement of waste storage method) Waste description: physical and chemical nature > R&D Plan for Next Phase Optimisation ➡ Strategic Plan How to improve communication between stakeholders The International Forum on the Decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi NPS, Communication with regulator © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 11#12OECD BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES Nuclear Energy Agency NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY What's Next? New Proposal from Japanese organizations Key feature of Fukushima Daiichi RW is that various type of unknown radioactive wastes were generated. . ■ Objective Develop integrated management methodology for large amount of unknown waste, through; - Sharing international expertise and experience - - Discussing about relevant issues and challenges Focusing on "methodology of characterization, segregation, long-term storage and processing" → Supported by RWMC-50, detail will discussed in RWMC-51 © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 12#13>>> OECD Nuclear Energy Agency BETTER POLICIES FOR BETTER LIVES Thank you for your attention! Any questions? Also contact to NEA Secretariat Ichiro Otsuka ([email protected]) © 2017 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development NEA NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY