#1• • 14th SAES, Dhaka, Bangladesh Presentation by Sanjib Baruah, Asian University for Women, Chittagong. Parallel Sessions Group C, November 5th#2• The area studies model... privileges the nation-state as the unit of analysis. Like the realist tradition in international relations, it "tends to naturalize and reify the identity of actors that have been far from stable and unchanging units in the modern world." It uncritically takes for granted the existence of stable territorial units (Peter Katzenstein, 2001). But the making and re-making of territorial boundaries are political projects, not empirical ground realities#3Central Asia South Asia East Asia Southeast Asia Source, Willem van Schendel, “Geographies of Knowing, Geographies of Ignorance: Jumping Scale in Southeast Asia," 2002.#4Bangladesh and Assam ASSAM BANGLADESH Dhaka Noakhali Sythet Dispur#5INDIA Map Area SIKKIM NEPAL Gangtok BHUTAN CHINA (TIBET) ARUNACHAL PRADESH Guwahati ASSAM NAGALAND MEGHALAYA My Shillong BANGLADESH MANIPUR Imphal TRIPURA Aizawl Agartala MIZORAM MYANMAR 50 100 mi 0 50 100 150 km Baruah map 6th proof Bill Nelson 4/30/19 Source: Sanjib Baruah, In the Name of the Nation: India and its Northeast (Stanford University Press, 2020).#6Assam (today) ASSAM DISTRICT MAP CHINA (TIBET) INDIA BHUTAN ARUNACHAL PRADESH DHEMAJI TINSUKIA Tinsukia Dhemaji O Dibrugarh DIBRUGARH North LAKHIMPUR Lakhimpur Sivasagar CHARAIDEO Sonari MAJULI GOLAGHAT JORHAT Garamur SIVASAGAR Jorhat BISWANATH SONITPUR UDALGURI BENGAL WEST CHIRANG ° KOKRAJHAR Kajalgaon Bongaigaon Mushalpur BAKSA Udalguri Tezpur Biswanath Chariali DARRANG DHUBURI Dhubri Goalpara GOALPARA Kokrajhar BONGAIGAON KAMRUP Morigaon Barpeta Amingaon METROPOLITAN BARPETA Nalbari © NALBARI NAGAON Golaghat Mangaldoi MORIGAON Nagaon EAST KARBI ANGLONG Guwahati Dispur NAGALAND KAMRUP WEST KARBI ANGLONG Hojai HOJAI Diphu Hamren Hatsingimari SOUTH SALMARA MANKACHAR DIMA HASAO MEGHALAYA Haflong CACHAR Silchar KARIMGANJ Karimganj MANIPUR BANGLADESH Hailakandi HAILAKANDI Map not to Scale Copyright ©2019 www.mapsofindia.com TRIPURA MIZORAM MYANMAR LEGEND International Boundary State Boundary District Boundary State Capital District Headquarter N#7Assam in the 1950s Tibet Itanagar Bhutan Tezpur Guwahati Goalpara Shillong Bangladesh Dibrugarh Sibsagar •Jorhat Kohima Burma Imphal Silchar Manipur Agartala Aizwal Tripura#8ASSAM PROVINCE CHINA SADIYA FRONTIER TRACT British Colonial Assam (includes Sylhet) BHUTAN GOALPARA BALPARA FRONTIER TRACT LAKHIMPUR DARANG SIBISAGAR ASSAM VALLEY KAMRUP NAGA TRIBES NOWOGONG GARO HILLS KHASI STATES KHASI AND JAINTIA HILLS BENGAL PROVINCE CACHAR SURMA VALLEY AND HILL DISTRICTS SYLHET MANIPUR NAGA HILLS LUSHAI HILLS BURMA PROVINCE DIVISION DISTRICT NATIVE STATE British Native States#9• The history of border-making in this region - both internal and external borders -- and the history of tea are connected.#10• "British Assam always included the Brahmaputra and Barak river valleys as well as the Surma-Kushiara River basin of Sylhet. After 1860, the tea industry spread across hills around these rivers and created an effective planter interest in the administrative unity of Sylhet and Assam." - David Ludden, Guwahati, 2003#11utan Guwahati Shillong O Sylhet O Shillong was the capital of the British colonial province of Assam, which included Sylhet. ngladesh O Dhaka GIST Agartala আগরতলা TRIPURA Chattogram চট্টগ্রাম O Cox's Bazar কক্সবাজার' Tinsukia Dibrugarho Jorhat ASSAM 5 hr 2 min 169 km MIZORAM Google Imphal MANIPUR NAGALAND Mandala မန္တလေး O Mya (Bu#12Historic tea districts in Assam. Map created by Harley McCabe. Sikkim NEPAL BHUTAN TIBET Lakhimpur Sibsagar Naga Hills Unadministered Darrang DUARS Kalimpong Kamrup Nowgong Goalpara Darjeeling Naga Hills District; TERAI Garo Hills Khasi & Jaintia Hills Cachar Syhlet INDIA Calcutta BURMA#13Tea growing regions of Assam India North Bank Upper Assam South Bank Cachar W E 0 25 50 100 km#14THAKURGAON DINAJPUR PANCHAGARH 08 Tea Estates LALMONIRHAT NILPHAMARI SYLHET 19 Tea Estates MOULVIBAZAR 91 Tea Estates HABIGONJ 24 Tea Estates RANGAMATI 1 Tea Estates CHITTAGONG 21 Tea Estates BANDARBAN#15Bhutan Dhaka Brahmputra India Meghalaya Fenny Nagaland Assam Surma Barak Manipur Tripura Chittagong Kurnar Bangladesh Rivers International Boundary State (Division) Boundary Area Inhabited by the Kuki-Chin People Koladyne Mizoram Manipur Chin State My thà мел Chindwin Sagaing Division Chindwin Mu Irrawaddy Burma Mandalay Division Rakhine State Magwe Division Irrawaddy Shan State Kachin State#16Eastern Bengal and Assam (1905-1912) 90 Miri Failige Amaka Chomme Serubula Tiskons Fbama Seng Kulhahangi www. Donghya Toas Sher Name La Chumathari TIBET Kinchinju SIKKIM Tutalou Imperial Gazetteer of India Mishmi LO SAKPON Chang Olamps T B LAKHIMPUR hai Tingra BHU Tantang Dhunung Jong Dibruga TA hape Tungbe Darjeeling Duy Takdang Jong M Digho D TARA JALPAIGURIN S COOCH BEHA Cooel Bebe GOAL Daliah W Thanga Madlepur Rangpur Dinajp DINAJPUR RANGRUR GARYO KHASI & JAINTIA Shillong HILLS inge Lowal in HILLS Katal Minin Tamansh 34 Natp 5 English Basar MADA MY BOGRA Dur Sherpur Mengha Jambhiyan Sylhet SYLHET CACHAR Kathomalin lche S (Stra TYERN MYMENSING Amphal por MANIPUR DARR Gara Sazir skai Mangaldai gha SIBSAGAR NAGA Lumbonas KAMRUP Long Bout MINIC Howgong S Tim Malikchung TRIBES NOWONG Damiting HILLS nguting Hukang Singphos Khamt Chankan Sangean Maingow impa Thibal PABNA tangil B (Bempore Pabna Burdwan Tabati Changlang hairgh Bay anbaria DACCA Paridpu Agartalis HILL TIPPERA Dating 95 LUSH TIRRERA Comilla Usleigur HILLS Than FARIDPUR Madaripur handpur Jalna CALCUTTA BACKCSGORDE WRAKHA CHITTAGONG HILL Bangaut Chittagon Kanphull R 9 TRACTS manik Chamber O Kistabella Maiskhol Falam Haka Gang Bammiks EASTERN BENGAL AND ASSAM WITH BHUTAN Scale 1:4000000 or 631 Miles to an Inch English Miles e DIVISIONS OF EASTERN BENGAL & ASSAM I DACCA DIVISION 2 CHITTAGONG DIVISION 3 RAJSHAHI DIVISION +ASSAM VALLEY DIVISION SURMA VALLEY AND HILL DISTRICTS DIVISION Kutubia Maiskhal Maichhal Figina Cox's Bazar Dal Elephant Paleta Kalan Buthelaung Native States coloured yellow Railways opened and in construction Canals CONTINUATION Maung Kranktow ON SAME SCALE Shahpuril Martina L Lingule Tan 29#17The tea industry influenced the decision in 1905 to divide Bengal and create a new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam. Improving railway connections between Assam and the port of Chittagong was expected to bring down the price of tea in England. The tea lobby was strongly behind the word 'Assam' being retained in the name of the new province. Assam Tea had achieved significant name recognition by then. Eliminating the word Assam from the name of the province, it was feared, would hurt the industry.#18There is a visible reminder of the interconnected history of this region in Chittagong's built landscape: the CRB Hill or Central Railway Building and the adjacent Batali Hill. It was originally the headquarters of the Assam Bengal Railway--integral to the conception of the province of East Bengal & Assam (1905-1911). The goal was to "link the oil wells of Digboi and Makum, the coal mines of Margherita, and the tea plantations of the Upper Brahmaputra... with the sea at Chittagong." The port city thus became the railway's terminus and headquarters.#19Central Railway Building Chittagong#20474543419 THE END gettyimages® Riou