#1International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments Background and Results 12 FCBD 2014 Dec. Agenda item 5.9 of Training Program for Developing Countries on Thermal Disinfestation Treatments for Fruit Flies, Including Bactrocera dorsalis Expert Consultation on Phytosanitary Treatments in Bactrocera dorsalis complex December 1-5, 2014 Isao MIYAZAKI Naha Plant Protection Station MAFF, JAPAN JK27#2• International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments Background and Results 12 FCBD 2014 Dec. Agenda item 5.9 of Training Program for Developing Countries on Thermal Disinfestation Treatments for Fruit Flies, Including Bactrocera dorsalis Contents of my presentation Outline of the training program Background of the training program Practices in the training program Results of the training program#3International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 JICA training program Thermal Treatment for Disinfestation of Fruit Flies Outline of the training program Organizer and implementing organizations Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) JICA Okinawa International Center JICA Okinawa Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, JAPAN (MAFF) Naha Plant Protection Station JICA MAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries ■ Okinawa Science and Technology Promotion Center ----- Naha PPS#4International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 JICA training program Thermal Treatment for Disinfestation of Fruit Flies Outline of the training program Objective of the training program ▪This program is designed for plant quarantine technician in developing countries to acquire quarantine treatment techniques suited to respective conditions. Overall goal of the training program ▪The expertise to develop plant quarantine treatments for fruit flies which enable to participate international trade are improved and established the standards for treatments of complete disinfestation.#5International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 JICA training program Thermal Treatment for Disinfestation of Fruit Flies Outline of the training program Establishment: 1988 Training Period in Japan: 4 months (May-August) Capacity: 6 participants#6International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments JICA training program Thermal Treatment for Disinfestation of Fruit Flies 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Accepted 139 participants in total from 40 countries for the past 27 years Cont 130 140mm 150min Cont 20 195 150 ROADS Contral#7International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments JICA training program Thermal Treatment for Disinfestation of Fruit Flies China В Afghanistan Bhutan Lebanon Pakistan Bangladesh 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Accepted 139 participants in total from 40 countries for the past 27 years Algeria Morocco Egypt Myanmar India Cambodia Philippines Kiribati Ethiopia Thailand Kenya Sri-Lanka Vietnam Papua New Guinea Solomon Malaysia Samoa Zimbabwe Seychelles Indonesia Tonga Fiji Mexico El Salvador Costa-Rica Dominican Rep. Grenada Colombia Ecuador Peru Brazil Paraguay Argentine Chile#8International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments JICA training program Thermal Treatment for Disinfestation of Fruit Flies Background of the training program 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 ■B.dorsalis and B.cucurbitae used to occur in Okinawa Islands. ▪ Host fruits and vegetables in Okinawa were prohibited to move into the Japanese mainland. ▪ Vapor heat treatment technique was developed at Naha Plant Protection Station in Okinawa. • Developing countries requested JICA and MAFF for technical cooperation.#9International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments 青森 NO! NO! program Before 1993, B.cucurbitae and B.dorsalis occurred in Okinawa Islands NOV The Japanese Mainland 山口 岡山 愛媛 “和歌山” 福井 富山 栃木 山形 秋田 ① 福島 群馬 長野 '埼玉 山梨 茨城 愛知 静岡 Bactrocera dorsalis 宮城 岩手 北海道 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 مس حرم NO! NO! (鹿児島 فية 宮崎 The movement of host fruits and vegetables were prohibited by Japanese plant quarantine regulation Okinawa Islands & Amami Islands Bactrocera cucurbitae#10International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 program Development of vapor heat treatment technique at Naha Plant Protection Station in 1980s - 1990s XH Bell Pepper 1982 VHT machine at Naha PPS Mango 1986 Commercial VHT facility in Okinawa Bitter gourd 1987 Papaya Netted melon Sweet potato 1987 1989 1995#11International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments program 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Eradication of Bactrocera dorsalis in Japan (1986) Male annihilation technique (MAT) Oct. 1984 a Eradication achieved Kyushu JAPAN Tokara Islands Tokyo Amami-ohshima Is. Tokunoshima Is Kikai Is.(1968-1979) Kyushu May1979 May1980 Yoron Is. Kume Is. Okinawa Islands(1977-1982) Aug.1982 Daito Islands (1982-1984) Miyako Islands 802 Fiber block soaked with methyl eugenol and insecticide Yaeyama Islands (1982-1986) (1975-1985) Total expenditure of 5 billion yen (22 million US dollar) over 18 years at a rate of 230 yen per dollar#12International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments Background training program 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Eradication of Bactrocera cucurbitae in Japan (1993) Sterile insect technique (SIT) JAPAN Tokyo Kyushu Kyushu Eradication:1987 Amami-ohshima Is. (1985-87) Tokunoshima Is. Okinoerabu Is. Eradication:1985 Kikai Is. (1981-85) Eradication:1989 (1986-89) Eradication: 1978 Eradication: 1990 Kume Is. (1972-78) Okinawa Islands (1986-90) Daito Islands Eradication: 1993 Yaeyama Islands (1989-93) Eradication:1987 Miyako Islands (1983-87) Total expenditure of 20.4 billion yen (136 million US dollar) over 22 years at a rate of 150 yen per dollar#13International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments JICA training program Thermal Treatment for Disinfestation of Fruit Flies 12_ECBD_2014_Dec- Agenda item 5.9 Subjects of the training program Morphology and taxonomy of fruit flies. Physiology and ecology of fruit flies Genetic analysis of fruit flies Rearing method of fruit flies Disinfestation method of fruit flies Disinfestation tests by cold treatment and vapor heat treatment Fruit injury test by vapor heat treatment Plant quarantine in Japan WHEAT TREATHEN STER Lecture at Naha PPS キムワイプー Practice at Naha PPS Observation tour to the mainland#14International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments Flow chart of practices in the training program Disinfestation tests Artificial rearing of fruit flies Preparation of infested fruit Larval development test Machine performance tests Calibration of temperature probes Chamber test for experimental VHT machine Comparison test between air-cooling and shower-cooling after VHT 12 ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Susceptibility comparison test Hot water treatment using naked insect Vapor heat treatment for mango Cold treatment for orange Small scale disinfestation test Vapor heat treatment for mango Hot water treatment for mango Large scale disinfestation test (omitted in training program) Fruit injury tests Basic fruit injury test Vapor heat treatment for mango Preparation of technical report Confirmatory fruit injury test (omitted in training program)#15International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments Artificial rearing of fruit flies. B.cucurbitae B.dorsalis 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Practices in the training program Egg inoculation to artificial diet Fruit flies rearing cages Preparation for artificial diet attractant name Cuelure#16International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments Preparation of infested fruit 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Practices in the training program 100 eggs on gauze Cage infestation method Egg inoculation method. 27 28 29 30 31 25 eggs 100 eggs 400 eggs Loday Chanthy Sokoeurm Daryl Khalid Gladys Mango Observation of infested mangoes Comparison of larvae among 25, 100, 400 eggs inoculation#17International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments Larval development test 3rd 1.00 mm/divi 2nd Egg 1st Immature stage of B.dorsalis 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Practices in the training program Bactrocera dorsalis in Mango 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Mango O day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5 day 6 day 7 day Bactrocera dorsalis in Orange 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% O day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5 day 6 day 7 day ■Pupa 3rd, ins. 2nd. ins. 1st. ins. Egg Pupa 03rd. ins. 02nd. ins. 1st. ins. ■Egg Orange 100% Egg Egg Ist 2nd Bactrocera dorsalis in Artificial diet 3rd 3rd Pupa 80% 60% Pupa 3rd. ins. 2nd. ins. 40% 1st. ins. ■Egg 20% 0% Artificial O day 1 day 2 day 3 day Dissection of infested fruit diet 7 day Composition of developmental stage of B. dorsalis at 27C 4 day 5 day 6 day#18International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments Machine performance tests 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Practices in the training program Lseries HYBRID RECORDER CHINO VAPOR HEAT TREATMENT SYSTEM Vapor heat treatment machine HYB CHINO P 1 5 6 7 8 8 Running test for VHT machine VAPOR HEAT TREATMENT SYSTEM Air cooling Shower cooling 333333332 ས་ན།་།། CBK-533 Calibration of temperature probes at 47.0C Comparison of cooling methods after treatment#19International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments, Susceptibility comparison test Hot water treatment using naked insect Objective Determination of the most tolerant fruit fly species Test insect B.dorsalis, B.cucurbitae Egg, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Instar larval Treatment temperature & Time 46.0C, 0, 6, 12, 18 minutes 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Practices in the training program HW Check 100 larvae wash Put larvae into a tube Treatment 46.0°C Keep at 27°C Collect larvae on black gauze Larvae with black gauze Procedure for hot water treatment Glass tube for treatment Hot water treatment at 46.0C#20International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments. Susceptibility comparison test Vapor heat treatment for mango Objective Determination of the most tolerant developmental stage Test insect B.dorsalis, Egg, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Instar larval Treatment temperatures 45.5, 46.0, 46.8, 47.0C (seed surface) 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Practices in the training program 9552 6.28 25 12 3456789 111213 14 15 16 STY815 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 #na 1119 L809 JK7- JK. ONENTS HEATENT SYSTEN The εστιε Sorting of test fruit 470 03 アラテック手袋 Preparation of artificial infested fruit Taking out treated mango from VHT chamber#21International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments. Susceptibility comparison test Cold treatment for orange Objective Determination of the most tolerant developmental stage Test insect B.dorsalis, Egg, 1st, 2nd, 3rd Instar larval Treatment temperature & time 1.0C, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 days ワイパー 8 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Practices in the training program Preparation of artificial infested fruit 3d-lid Julet! Rand Set of ouh severe / Fil 10 1) 17 181 24 25 26 Artificial infested orange Taking out treated orange from cold chamber#22International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments Small test Vapor heat treatment for mango Objective Determination of temperature and holding time for complete death of fruit fly Test insect B.dorsalis, The most tolerant developmental stage Treatment temperature & holding time 46.0, 46,5, 46,8, 47.0C + 5, 10minutes VA OF HEAT TREATMENT SISTE 3.4.32 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Practices in the training program Sorting of test fruit RETREATMENT SYSTEM Artificial infested mango Dissection of infested fruit#23International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments Basic fruit injury test Vapor heat treatment for mango Objective Observation of symptom of heat injury Treatment temperature & holding time 47.0C + 10minutes Survey items Internal & external appearance, color, maturity, weight loss, hardness, brix, acidity, Anthracnose, taste 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Practices in the training program ACTRON 1234 8 9 10 11 12 15 16 17 18 1 22 23 24 25 26 2 29 30 31 Observation of external appearance Время Hardness Appearance (pulp) Observation of internal appearance E キムワイ Sensory (taste) test BENZ 4#24International Plant Protectcion Convetion Results Presentation thermal grements 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Challenges to development of thermal treatment technique in developing countries Lack of human resource Lack of budget Lack of laboratory equipment Vapor Heat Treatment Machine Hot Water Tank, Cold Treatment Chamber • Technical challenge of rearing of fruit flies JICA has implemented technical cooperation projects in developing countries. ********** 4444445#25International Plant Protectcion Convetion Results Preetaten thermal pisinfestating laments 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Development of quarantine treatment techniques by participants of JICA training program in their countries Vietnam Peru A ATENCIÓN Pakistan ** * !!! * LAPUR HEAT TREATMENT SYS Ban-lifted year in Japan 2009 Dragonfruit (Hylocereus undatus) VHT Ban-lifted year in Japan 2010 Ban-lifted year 2011 in Japan Mango Mango HWT VHT Participants of JICA training program are marked with asterisk.#26International Plant Protectcion Convetion Results Preetaten thermal pisinfestating laments 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Development of quarantine treatment techniques by participants of JICA training program in their countries Thailand * * WHT-DOA VAPOR HEAT TREATMENT SYST NO 2 Ban-lifted year in Japan 2012 Pomelo VHT Participants of JICA training program are marked with asterisk.#27International Plant Protectcion Convetion Results Presentation thermal Disinfestating ments Import ban-lifted fresh fruits in Japan (Quarantine heat treatment) 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Commodity Mango Papaya Dragonfruit Exporting country Thailand, Philippines India, Malaysia, Pakistan Colombia, Australia, Taiwan Hawaiian Islands Brazil, Peru Treatment Vapor heat treatment Hot water treatment Philippines, Taiwan Vapor heat treatment Hawaiian Islands Vietnam, Taiwan Vapor heat treatment Yellow Pitaya Colombia Vapor heat treatment Litchi China, Taiwan Vapor heat + cold treatment Mangosteen Thailand Pomelo Thailand Vapor heat treatment Vapor heat treatment Countries in red participated in the JICA training program.#28International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments Background and Results. of Training Program for Developing Countries on Thermal Disinfestation Treatments for Fruit Flies, Including Bactrocera dorsalis 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Summary of my presentation In Japan, JICA and MAFF have implemented the training program on thermal quarantine treatments since 1988, and accepted 139 participants from 40 countries for the past 27 years. The participants acquired knowledge and practical techniques for disinfestation of fruit flies through the training program. The training program has contributed to establishment of plant quarantine measures in several countries.#29International Plant Protectcion Convetion Presentation Thermal Disinfestation Treatments Background and Results. of Training Program for Developing Countries on Thermal Disinfestation Treatments for Fruit Flies, Including Bactrocera dorsalis 12_ECBD_2014_Dec Agenda item 5.9 Thank you very much for kind attention VAPOR HEAT TREATMENT 5min 46.8 46.5 47.0 10 min 15 min