#1Pending#2THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Why did the founding generation decide to write a Constitution? How did the U.S. Constitution differ from the Articles of Confederation? What were some of the main compromises reached by the delegates at the Constitutional Convention? SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#3SHAY'S REBELLION SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#4THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#5Wewe Yeople Windle SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION THE CONSTITUTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#6THE CONSTITUTION The Preamble Beginning with its famous words, "We the People," the Preamble expresses the founding generation's commitment to popular sovereignty, meaning a national government driven by the American people. SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#7Pending#8THE CONSTITUTION Articles IV through VII Article IV addresses the relationship between the states and their citizens, how to handle the admission of new states, and how to govern federal territories. (It also includes the infamous Fugitive Slave Clause.) Article V sets out the process for amending the Constitution. Article VI establishes the supremacy of national law over the laws of the states. It also bans religious tests for national office. Article VII sets out the process for ratifying the Constitution. SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#9THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Go all to mbon whom there Vente A tum adtales of Confide State of Nachang 綠茶 Miches. United States Funia Hale's Cabean "... league of friendship... " SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#10NORTHWEST TERRITORY LOUISIANA (SPANISH) Laky Super Lake Mickgove DISPUTED Natcher WEST FLORIDA Gulf of Mexico CANADA (BRITISH) Laki MAINE (MASS VER (179) Doston NEW YORK MASS CONN PENNSYLVANIA York Thladephi N.J. Pusburgh MD, DEL. VIRGINIA NORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINA GEORGIA Charleson EAST FLORIDA SPANISH ATLANTIC OCEAN 13 STATE GOVERNMENTS SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#11Pending#12THE KEY COMPROMISES • The Connecticut (Great) Compromise . The Electoral College SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION . • The Three-Fifths Compromise . • The Slave Trade Clause NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#13Pending#14DEBATES OVER REPRESENTATION The Virginia Plan . • Legislative branch consisting of two chambers. • Each of the states would be represented in proportion to their size. • The national legislature would have the power to address issues that were beyond the ability of any single state government to handle. The legislature could also veto state laws that it found to be against the national interest. SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#15Pending#16DEBATES OVER REPRESENTATION The New Jersey Plan A one-house legislature with each state- regardless of its size-receiving one vote. • Expand the powers of the national government to address the needs of a growing nation. SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#17DEBATES OVER REPRESENTATION SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut proposed a compromise. NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#18DEBATES OVER REPRESENTATION The Connecticut (Great) Compromise Congress would consist of two houses-a House of Representatives and a Senate. The House would be elected on the basis of proportional representation—giving larger states more seats than smaller states. At the same time, the Senate would be elected on the basis of equal representation, with each state-regardless of its size-receiving two Senators. SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#19Pending#20DEBATES OVER THE PRESIDENCY COPYRIGHT 1874 DEB.R.KEIM. A SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#21DEBATES OVER THE PRESIDENCY SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Alexander Hamilton and John Dickinson favored a single, strong national executive. NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#22DEBATES OVER THE PRESIDENCY SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Roger Sherman viewed the executive as "nothing more than an institution for carrying the will of the Legislature into effect." NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#23DEBATES OVER THE PRESIDENCY • How to elect the president. • How long the president's term should be. Whether the president should be allowed to run for reelection. The question of impeachment and removal. SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#24DEBATES OVER THE PRESIDENCY Options for Selecting the President . ⚫ Direct election by popular vote • Selected by Members of Congress • Electors selected by lottery SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION . An electoral college NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#25Pending#26Fig 2. Fig 3 Store Room Store Room DEBATES OVER SLAVERY PLAN OF LOWER DECK WITH THE STOWAGE OF 292 SLAVES 130 OF THESE BEING STOWED UNDER THE SHELVES AS SHEWN IN FIGURE D & FIGURE 5. PLAN SHEWING THE STOWAGE OF 130 ADDITIONAL SLAVES ROUND THE WINGS OR SIDES OF THE LOWER DECK BY MEANS OF PLATFORMS OR SHELVES IN THE MANNER OF GALLERIES IN A CHURCH THE SLAVES STOWED ON THE SHELVES AND BELOW THEM HAVE ONLY A HEIGHT OF 2 FEET 7 INCHES BETWEEN THE BEAMS: AND FAR LESS UNDER THE BEAMS. See Fig 1. Store Room Store Room WOMEN OBOY'S MEN SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#27DEBATES OVER SLAVERY The Three-Fifths Clause Article I, Sect. II, Cl. 3: Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. SCHOLAR EXCHANGE CONSTITUTION 101: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NATIONAL CONSTITUTION CENTER#28Pending#29Empty