#1BUILDING RESILIENCE IN BORNO STATE - NORTHEAST NIGERIA Mercy Corps' Strategic Resilience Assessment (STRESS) November 2018 Presented at the Borno State Food Security Sector (FSS) Meeting April 23, 2019 MERCY CORPS#2> BUILDING RESILIENCE IN BORNO, NORTHEAST NIGERIA What This Presentation Covers > About this STRESS > Sample findings (full contextual findings in report) > Fundamentals for understanding resilience and protracted conflict > In practice: working differently MERCY CORPS BACKGROUND FINDINGS FUNDAMENTALS WORKING DIFFERENTLY#3Mercy Corps' Resilience Definition Applied in Protracted Conflict WELL BEING TIME Communities have the capacity to manage multiple and prolonged cycles of shocks and stresses without lasting negative. consequences for their well-being, and to transform the dynamics driving crisis. BACKGROUND FINDINGS FUNDAMENTALS WORKING DIFFERENTLY MERCY CORPS#4Strategic Resilience Assessment SYSTEMS MAPPING SECONDARY RESEARCH (STRESS) STRESS helps us to: 1. Identify development challenges Prioritize shocks & stresses 2. (risks and hazards) 3. Understand who is most vulnerable and why 4. Identify resilience capacities EXPERT INTERVIEWS COMMUNITY DATA COLLECTION ggg ANALYSIS WORKSHOP MERCY CORPS#5Background > Mercy Corps conducted the Borno STRESS from May 2017 through July 2018 > Primary and secondary data > Spoke with approximately 1,500 people (50% male, 50% female) > 50 communities across 12 Local Government Areas (LGAs), both urban (IDP camp and non-IDP camp/host communities) and rural > Emphasis on adolescents and youth, ages 10-34 NIGERIA BORNO NIGER CAMEROON ◆ areas of assessment CHAD BACKGROUND FINDINGS FUNDAMENTALS WORKING DIFFERENTLY MERCY CORPS#6Mohammed's Story "I have to wait for military escort before traveling to Maiduguri to purchase items, like bread and eggs." Food Scarcity Price Inflation Protracted Armed Conflict Abuse of Power and Intimidation Livelihoods Disruptions Limited Movement AFDAC R 46 Col MERCY CORPS#7Understanding Resilience in Protracted Conflict Conflict is best understood as a system producing discrete shocks and stresses RISK OF SUSTAINED/ FUTURE CONFLICT ELITE CAPTURE/ WAR ECONOMY PROTRACTED ARMED CONFLICT LOSS OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD & PROPERTY ABUSES OF POWER & INTIMIDATION BY ARMED STAKEHOLDERS LIMITED MOVEMENT & INFORMATION FORCED DISPLACEMENT MARGINALIZATION GRIEVANCES EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, PROTECTION RISKS & TRAUMA DESTRUCTION OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE & DISRUPTED SOCIAL SERVICES RAPID DEFORESTATION & INTENSIVE WATER USE LIVELIHOOD DISRUPTIONS RAINFALL VARIABILITY FOOD PRICE INFLATION FOOD UNAVAILABILITY DISEASE & OUTBREAKS POOR PHYSICAL HEALTH BACKGROUND FINDINGS FUNDAMENTALS WORKING DIFFERENTLY FOOD INSECURITY MERCY CORPS#8Assistance usually treats the direct effects (impacts) of conflict-caused shocks and stresses ELITE CAPTURE/ WAR ECONOMY PROTRACTED ARMED CONFLICT LOSS OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD & PROPERTY RISK OF SUSTAINED/ FUTURE CONFLICT ABUSES OF POWER & INTIMIDATION BY ARMED STAKEHOLDERS LIMITED MOVEMENT & INFORMATION MARGINALIZATION GRIEVANCES EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, PROTECTION RISKS & TRAUMA DESTRUCTION OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE & DISRUPTED SOCIAL SERVICES FORCED DISPLACEMENT Cash, inputs training RAPID DEFORESTATION & INTENSIVE WATER USE LIVELIHOOD DISRUPTIONS FOOD UNAVAILABILITY RAINFALL VARIABILITY FOOD PRICE INFLATION Cash, food aid, water DISEASE & OUTBREAKS POOR PHYSICAL HEALTH FOOD INSECURITY BACKGROUND FINDINGS FUNDAMENTALS WORKING DIFFERENTLY MERCY CORPS#9As a result, assistance successfully supports immediate coping, and to some degree, may help people adapt to the "new normal" through stop-gap measures. In protracted conflict, however, this is unlikely to produce sustainable impact and move people towards greater food security or economic productivity, prolonging the need for assistance. Unresolved conflict risks become new cycles of shocks and stresses, overwhelming local systems that people depend on to be resilient and sustaining the complex crisis. MERCY CORPS BACKGROUND FINDINGS FUNDAMENTALS WORKING DIFFERENTLY#10It is critical to interrupt conflict risks before they emerge into new waves of shocks and stresses ELITE CAPTURE/ WAR ECONOMY RISK OF SUSTAINED/ FUTURE CONFLICT ABUSES OF POWER & INTIMIDATION BY ARMED STAKEHOLDERS MARGINALIZATION GRIEVANCES PROTRACTED ARMED CONFLICT LOSS OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD & PROPERTY LIMITED MOVEMENT & INFORMATION FORCED DISPLACEMENT EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, PROTECTION RISKS & TRAUMA DESTRUCTION OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE & DISRUPTED SOCIAL SERVICES RAPID DEFORESTATION & INTENSIVE WATER USE LIVELIHOOD DISRUPTIONS- RAINFALL VARIABILITY FOOD PRICE INFLATION FOOD UNAVAILABILITY DISEASE & OUTBREAKS POOR PHYSICAL HEALTH BACKGROUND FINDINGS FUNDAMENTALS WORKING DIFFERENTLY FOOD INSECURITY MERCY CORPS#11At the same time, comprehensive management of the effects of shocks and stresses in the conflict system is necessary - both for improving people's immediate and medium-term well-being, and also to reduce the likelihood that failure to manage these risks in turn fuels new conflict drivers. ELITE CAPTURE/ WAR ECONOMY PROTRACTED ARMED CONFLICT LOSS OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD & PROPERTY ABUSES OF POWER & RISK OF SUSTAINED/ FUTURE CONFLICT INTIMIDATION BY ARMED STAKEHOLDERS LIMITED MOVEMENT & INFORMATION FORCED DISPLACEMENT MARGINALIZATION GRIEVANCES EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, PROTECTION RISKS & TRAUMA DESTRUCTION OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE & DISRUPTED SOCIAL SERVICES RAPID DEFORESTATION & INTENSIVE WATER USE LIVELIHOOD DISRUPTIONS RAINFALL VARIABILITY FOOD PRICE INFLATION FOOD UNAVAILABILITY DISEASE & OUTBREAKS POOR PHYSICAL HEALTH BACKGROUND FINDINGS FUNDAMENTALS WORKING DIFFERENTLY FOOD INSECURITY MERCY CORPS#12A narrow focus on conflict risks could miss other drivers of vulnerability. Thus, it is also critical to address other risks outside the conflict system that could fuel conditions for conflict or worsen the impacts of conflict shocks and stresses. RISK OF SUSTAINED/ FUTURE CONFLICT ELITE CAPTURE/ WAR ECONOMY PROTRACTED ARMED CONFLICT LOSS OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD CHRONIC ARIDITY, SEASONAL FLOODING & PROPERTY ABUSES OF POWER & INTIMIDATION BY ARMED STAKEHOLDERS LIMITED MOVEMENT & INFORMATION FORCED DISPLACEMENT MARGINALIZATION GRIEVANCES EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, PROTECTION RISKS & TRAUMA DESTRUCTION OF PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE & DISRUPTED SOCIAL SERVICES RAPID DEFORESTATION & INTENSIVE WATER USE LIVELIHOOD DISRUPTIONS RAINFALL VARIABILITY FOOD PRICE INFLATION FOOD UNAVAILABILITY FOOD INSECURITY DISEASE & OUTBREAKS POOR PHYSICAL HEALTH BACKGROUND FINDINGS FUNDAMENTALS WORKING DIFFERENTLY EARLY MARRIAGE POLLUTION OF WATER SOURCES MERCY CORPS#13Building resilience requires simultaneous focus on capacities that target the drivers and effects of shocks and stresses, and future conflict risks. • Absorptive and Adaptive Capacitiies Cope more effectively with the impacts of conflict and other shocks and stresses • Adapt to reduce sensitivity • Anticipate and manage emerging risks Immediate effects Immediate drivers Future drivers Transformative Capacities Reduce and prevent conflict drivers Holistically address systemic constraints that exacerbate fragility and could fuel future conflict conditions Root causes = SHOCK BACKGROUND FINDINGS FUNDAMENTALS WORKING DIFFERENTLY MERCY CORPS#14OUR BORNO RECOMMENDATIONS > Manage future conflict threats that have the potential to develop into new shocks and stresses > Design our assistance so that it helps people better deal with shocks and stresses in a dynamic context > Strengthen systems early on, and for an extended time > Be strategic in the layering of interventions and programs. BACKGROUND FINDINGS FUNDAMENTALS WORKING DIFFERENTLY *** *** ******#15Thank You! MERCY CORPS JOSEPH UBEK [email protected] MSD and Resilience Advisor