#1Brown AND Caldwell May 3, 2019 The Challenge of Water on Guam: Balancing Supply, Demand, and Water Resource Policy Michelle Sorensen PE, PEng = 2019 PNWS AWWA Conference Vancouver, WA#2Agenda 1. Introduction 2. The basics: geology, supply and demand 3. Land development over the Northern Guam Lens Aquifer 4. Water supply in South Guam#3Guam US Territory 165,000 people • 3,800 miles west of Oahu 30 x 10 miles Rainy season July to October • Economy Tourism Military Vietnam Arctic Ocean East Siberian Sea Russia Mongolia Sea of Okhotsk Bering Sea China Sea of Japan South Korea. East China Sea Philippine Sea Philippines Malaysia Indonesia Banda Sea NT Papua New Guinea Solomon Sea Coral Sea Australia OLD Great Australian Bight NSW vic TAS Tasman Sea New Zealand North Pacific Ocean IH NU Canada NOMN SD MI OR ID WY NE L CA United States AZ NM JN 3A TX LA Dededo Tamuning Hagåtña Piti Guam 17 Yona Santa Rita Inarajan Southern Ocean Google 4 15 16 Gulf of Mexico Mexico Guatemala Yigo#4Canada, land of water in many forms#5Brown and Caldwell STATE hik 5#6Empty#7National Labor Policy Guam businesses struggle as H-2B foreign workers dwindle Haidee V Eugenio, [email protected] Published 4:00 p.m. ChT Aug. 23, 2017 | Updated 4:18 p.m. ChT Aug. 23, 2017 H-2B issues delaying local projects Jerick Sablan, [email protected] Published 2:43 p.m. ChT Jan. 21, 2018 | Updated 4:50 p.m. ChT Jan. 21, 2018 OVERHAULING THE TEMPORARY FOREIGN WORKER PROGRAM PUTTING CANADIANS FIRST#8Geographic Isolation Maison#9Water Issues make Headlines ns Licensing Agre Guam's Gaynor rworks Au+' 1 Cre:Flash. rain in 24 hrs Ugum fails south again Pacific Daily Ne Gua GWA So. Thursday, September Council mulle [email protected] Written by ADAM BROWN Tuesday, March 08, 2011 om Published 10:03 p.m. yet salty Published 12:24 a.m. ChT April 13, 2016 | southern erosion ..ental#10TM SNAPSHOT: Water Resources on Guam Brown AND Caldwell#11Guam Geology - North Brown and Caldwell C.. 1320 1330 am A Qa A' 144537 QTm B' Tbl EXPLANATION TOLOMETERS BEACH DEPOSITS. REP DEPOSITS Miren Lan ALLUVRIM AND ASTRICIAL FEE MARIANA LIMESTONE Paco Pa BARSKAPA LIMESTONE F TH OLDER LINESTONE P wed By Lance Nite Lincid Jean Frase LOATAC FORLICTION M MATOME PORMANTON FACEFORMAT STINTACT FALL T-deed who hat del where A LINE E SECTION RELATIVE DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT ALONGFAULT TUNGRAPH CONTOUR-ka ka Calend Source: USGS https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri034126/pdf/fig02a.pdf 11#12Guam Geology - South C. 1320 QTm 1440 1830 Qa Brown and Caldwell Source: USGS https://pubsgs.gov/wri/wri034126/pdf/fig02a.pdf 14433 B Thi Qa A' QTm am T Tbl B' 12#13Surface Water Brown and Caldwell Ground Water 00 Source: north.hydroguam.net south.hydroguam.net#14The Basics - Predicting Demand Brown AND Caldwell TM#15Guam and US Population Comparison US citizens Foreign born born abroad 11% 1% US Brown and Caldwell Foreign born 31% US citizens citizens born in USA 88% US citizens not born on Guam 16% GUA M USA born on Guam 53% 15#16Population Projections 250,000 225,000 Maximum, Linear from 1950-2010 population 200,000 Most likely, US Census with projected economic growth Minimum, US Census 175,000 150,000 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Brown and Caldwell 16#17Change in Population 2000 to 2010 Agat GUAM Hagåtña Tamuning Barrigada Mongmong- Toto-Maite Agana Heights Sinajana Asan Piti Chalan Pago-Ordot, Santa Rita Yona Umatac Merizo Mangilao Yigo Dededo Percent Change 10.0 to 16.8 0.0 to 9.9 -15.0 to -0.1 Talofofo GUAM Agat Inarajan -25.5 to -15.1 Percent Change for Guam: 2.9% State/ County Equivalent Municipality/ Election District (County Subdivision Equivalent) United States" Census Bureau N#18Supply and Demand Flow (mgd) Brown and Caldwell 60 65545 50 MDD 1.2x ADD ADD Supply Deficiency 40 35 Available Supply 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 18#19Water Supply Options New well development in the North Brown and Caldwell Redevelopment of historic sources Conservation and reduction of NRW New springs or surface water development Utilization of Navy water (Fena and OneGuam)#2011 Aquifer Protection - Land Use over the Northern Guam Lens Aquifer (the "NGLA") Brown AND Caldwell#21"Water links us to our neighbor in a way more profound and complex than any other." John Thorson Water Law & Policy Attorney Brown AND Caldwell#22Water Quality Protection: Unsewered areas over the NGLA Brown and Caldwell 7B 30 30A 148 10 14A 32 10A 16 0 1 Miles I L 26 T 15 DoD Well GWA Well - Active (2016) GWA Well Inactive (2016) Spring Gravity Sewer Main Sewer Force Main Wastewater Treatment Plant LF Landfill Sewered Customer Unsewered Customer (distance to gravity main) < 200 feet 200 500 feet > 500 feet Aquifer Boundary Watershed Divide River Aquifer Zones Basal Zone (underlain by seawater) Parabasal Zone (underlain by volcanic rock) Suprabasal Zone (discontinuous within the zone) 22#23Unsewered areas over the NGLA Brown and Caldwell A09 A13 CAO A02 A04 A19 TP A10 10 A17 A18 A14 15 A21 GWA Well 32 Sewered Customer Unsewered Customer (distance to gravity main) < 200 feet 200 500 feet > 500 feet 23#24Source Water Protection Wellhead Protection Plan Recommendations • Enforce existing zoning requirements •Enforce water resources protection regulations • Educate the public • Install additional groundwater monitoring Implement land use planning strategies#25Land Use Plans on Guam GUA Brown and Caldwell Th I TANO'-TA THE LAND USE PLAN FOR GUAM FINAL LAND USE PLAN May 1994 Prepared for: THE TERRITORIAL PLANNING COUNCIL September 2009 25#26Projected Development Chamorro Land Trust Leases Philippine Sea Unsurveyed • Land not necessarily reserved for water and wastewater infrastructure 1/2 acre lots sizes Responsibility for infrastructure installation Brown and Caldwell 2 YIGO 4 8 3 10 9 Tumon 13 11 12 Bay 16 15 Agana Bay HAGATNA 17 AMUNING 14. 19 AGANA 21 HEIGHTSINAIANAVATE 20 18 MONGMONG BARRICADA ASAN 22 23 MANGILAO TOTO PITI YONA 27 SANTA RITA 28 AGAX 13 UMATAC Cocos Lagoon MERIZO TALOFOFO INARAJAN 24 CHALAN PAGO 25 ORDOT 26 Pago Bay Pacific Ocean 26#27Water Resources Policy for North Guam Enforcing connection of unsewered properties that fall within 200 ft of an existing sewer line... and fixing leaky collection pipes as unsewered areas are connected? Without a LUP, long term planning for aquifer protection and system expansion is more challenging CLT leases are being awarded - who will pay to expand the necessary services?#28Water Supply in South Guam Brown AND Caldwell 2#29Guam Geology C 1320 QTm 14443 Tol Brown and Caldwell Source: USGS https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00126/pdf/fig02a.pdf 1330 QTm C' am B Qa A' 144 50 QTm Tbl MLES Tbl 29#30"Still waters run deep. Shallow waters run dry frequently." Thomas County Cat Brown AND Caldwell#31Ugum River Flows Brown and Caldwell "Too much?" "Too little?" 31#32Uplands Erosion Susceptibility Brown and Caldwell Jeep Trails Badlands Wildfire Areas Ungulate Habitat Photos: south.hydroguam.net, guamyoungchampions.blogspot.com 32#33Ugum Watershed Policy - Stakeholders Brown and Caldwell Land Owners •Private (70%) • Public (30%) • GovGuam •Navy •GWA Users • Recreation •Tourism Government Agencies •Hunters Agricultural Producers •Downstream users •Department of Agriculture •Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources ⚫USEPA •Guam EPA •Bureau of Statistics and Plans •NOAA ⚫USGS Programs and Planners •Guam Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control •Watershed Planning Committee •WERI 33#34Water Resources Policy - Summary South Guam North Guam 1. Ugum Watershed Plan 1. 2. South Guam Water Strategy Connection of unsewered properties 2. Need for an accepted LUP Brown and Caldwell 3. Expansion of water and wastewater services into developing areas 34#35What we HAVE NOT talked about Sustainable management of the NGLA Single water utility for Guam Non-revenue water Climate-related issues#36Thank you. Questions? Brown AND Caldwell#37Brown and Caldwell Brown AND Caldwell 37#38The Mystery of Ugum Ugum River Minimum Stream Flow Requirements (?) Minimum Environmental Stream Flow (ft³/s) Source OOG 1 USGS stream gauge 16854500 1.5 miles upstream. 2 Original documentation could not be located, this number is unverified. GWA (2006), USDA (1995) USGS min flow on record (1977-2016)1 EIA/GEPA requirement for UWTP2 7Q10 (2016) Brown and Caldwell 38#39Water Production Capacity Ugum River Minimum Remaining Flow 3.5 cfs 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 4 mgd 3 mgd 2 mgd Brown and Caldwell 39#40Population Projections 220,000 210,000 200,000 190,000 180,000 170,000 160,000 150,000 2000 2005 2010 2015 Brown and Caldwell 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 ■Capital Projects (potential population increase per $100,000,000 project value) ■Tourism (potential population increase to achieve GVB "Tourism 2020" goals) ■Military Buildup US Census Projections 40#41tage in Yigo continues, mayor cites burnt motor idents em acific Daily News Published 1:12 p.m. ChT Oct. 23, 2017 | Updated 2:37 p.m. ChT Oct. 23, 2017 $3.7 million well project to prepare for buildup John I Borja, [email protected] Published 4:00 p.m. ChT Sept. 4, 2017 airs; GW 17 (2) Euitval It's inhumane t it, GWA The Guam Daily Post Nov 3, 2017 (1) The Guam Daily Post Aug 27, 2017 (0) -0 Water issues hit 2 southern villages Louella Losinio | The Guam Daily Post Sep 10, 2017 (2)#42Ugum River 7-day Minimum Average Flows (1978-2015) - USGS 16854500 Ugum River above Talofofo Falls, nr Talofofo, Guam Drainage Area: 5.76 Square Miles, Length of Record: 33 Years Brown and Caldwell Discharge, in Cubic Feet Per Second USGS 1 10 beg_dt: 1978 end_dt: 2015 nval: 33 mean: 5.2 std: 1.7 7Q10 = 3.5 ft3/sec min: 2.8 p05: p10: 3.5 p25: 3.8 p50: 4.8 p75: 6.1 p90: 8.0 p95: 9.1 max: 9.6 1 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95 98 99 Percentage of time indicated value was equalled or exceeded 42#43Water Production Capacity Ugum River Minimum Remaining Flow 2.0 cfs 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 4 mgd 3 mgd 2 mgd Brown and Caldwell 43#44Brown and Caldwell WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM WORLD ECONOMIC EC FORUM R www Buy American - Hire American SIDENT OFF ATES 44