#1BIODIVERSITY OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH STITU OF TECHNO NOLOGY ARUNAC UNACHAL PRADESH न हि ज्ञानेन प ESTD: 2010 Dr. Pallabi Kalita Hui Assistant Professor Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Arunachal Pradesh Yupia-791112, ARUNACHAL PRADESH Mobile: 08974498212/E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]#2Arunachal Pradesh: Brief Profile Largest State of North East India ➤Geographical Area of: 83,743 sq.km ➤ Altitude: 100-7000m approx. ➤Diverse Forest Type & Climate: Tropical to Alpine ➤Diverse ecological habitat ➤ One of the Top 12 Global Biodiversity Hotspots ➤ Rich Biodiversity - Flora & Fauna ➤ Rich local culture and folklore ➤There are 26 major tribes, 110 subtribes ➤ Rich Traditional/Indigenous Knowledge System ➤ Rich Herbal Healing traditional#3• State of Arunachal Pradesh is rich in both cultural and biodiversity. Forest is rich in endemic plants and animal species of economics, ecological and cultural significance to the region. The traditional knowledge heritage and ancient wisdom systems of 26 major tribes and 110 subtribes are contributing towards effective conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity.#4Biodiversity Conservation: Local Community's Perspective Tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh considers Forest Ecosystem and Biodiversity as inseparable and holistic entity. • The Traditional Knowledge of tribal communities understand that the coordinated function of Forest Ecosystem and Biodiversity is essential to maintain uninterrupted flow of ecosystem Goods and Services#5Earth Ecosystems Aquatic (Fresh Water) Terrestrial Earth Ecosystem Marine Desert#6Components of Biodiversity Biodiversity -The Different Life Forms Plants Animals • Mammals • Birds • Fishes Reptiles • Insects • Higher Plants • Lower Plants Microbes • Fungi • Bacteria • Virus#7Level of Biodiversity Planet Earth Ecosystem Species Genetics#8Holistic Nexus between Earth Ecosystem, Biodiversity & Human Livelihood Security Earth Ecosystems Human Livelihood Biodiversity Security#9Himalaya & Indo Burma Region: Top 12 Global Biodiversity Hotspots (IUCN, 2000) Nepal Sikkim Hills TIBET CH HINA Bhutan Brahmaputra valley Garo, Khasi & Jaintia Hills BANGLADESH Tripura ARUNACHAL HIMALAYA Majuli Island Naga Hills Rolling Hills CHINA MYANMAR O Loktak lake#10NORTHEAST INDIA: BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT MAP Bangladesh HIMALAYAN HOTSPOT AND INDO-BURMA BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT IN NE INDIA China Bhutan 0 Kilometres 200 Burma NORTHEAST INDIA:BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT MAP#11Biodiversity Conservation Initiatives in NE INDIA Khangchendzonga Manas Orang Nokrek Balphakram NATIONAL PARKS OF NE INDIA Nameri Mouling -Murlen Namdapha Dibru-Saikhowa -Kaziranga -Ntangki -Sirohi -Keibul Lamjao Phawngpui Blue Mountain#12SIKKIM ARUNACHAL HIMALAYA- A GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT NE INDIA ARUNACHAL PRADESH ASSAM NAGALAND MEGHALAYA MANIPUR TRIPURA MIZORAM#13Climatic Zone of Arunachal Pradesh Altitude:4500- 8848 M (Alpine) Altitude: 3500-4500 M (Subalpine) Altitude: 2500-3500 M (Temperate) Habitat & Cultural Zone of Local communities Altitude: 1100-2500 (Subtropical) Altitude: 100-1000 M (Tropical) Altitude: 0.00 M (Sea Level)#14Forest Coverage & Biodiversity The state of Arunachal Pradesh is considered as one of the top 12 Global Biodiversity Hotspots • It harbors over 5000 species of flowering plants (both vascular and non-vascular origin) out of which 238 are endemic to the state The total forest area of Arunachal Pradesh in terms of area is 82,964 sq km which is next to Madhya Pradesh (87,414 sq km) in the country According to the India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2017, since 2015, there has been a substantial decrease in the forest area of Arunachal Pradesh (about 190 sq km per year)#15Forest Coverage & Biodiversity...... • The state is rich in agrobiodiversity and has been a centre of origin for a number of crop plant species. The vegetation/forest are classified under 06 major categories viz. tropical, subtropical, temperate, subalpine and alpine vegetation, secondary forest and aquatic vegetation; each comprising subtypes primarily based on altitude and climate change The state has amazingly rich avifauna with over 650 bird species. Out of 16 primates in the world 07 are found in Arunachal Pradesh#16FOREST COVER IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH (LANDSAT IMAGE) Total Area: 83,743 sq.km Forest Coverage: 80% Plant Diversity: 8000 sp. TIBET Upper Subans Lower Subansin Tawang East Kameng BHUTAN ASSAM Itanagar CHINA pper Slang Dibang Valley CHINA East Slang MYANMAR NAGALAND Dense forest Open forest Scrub Wildlife Sanctuary & National Park Non-lorest Water-bodies District boundary State boundary International boundary#17Plant Diversity in Arunachal Pradesh Angiosperms 5000 (FLOWERING) Gymnosperms 39 (CONIFEROUS) Ferns 400 Bamboos 89 Rattan &Canes 18 Medicinal Plants 500 Wild & Edible Plants 400 Orchids 605#18INDIGENOUS PLANT BIODIVERSITY OF High Altitude- EASTERN HIMALAYA LANDSCAPE#19Empty#20Sela Lake in summer (13700ft)#21Alpine herbs- Megacodon stylophora#22Climbing along altitudinal gradient in Arunachal Himalayas (100 - 4500 m)#23Empty#24Empty#25Empty#26Biodiversity - medicinal plants of Subalpine and Temperate Arunachal Pradesh#27Cirsium sp -alpine medicinal herb (13000 ft)#28Abies -subalpine vegetation#29Rhododendron#30Subalpine Conifer - Abies species in winter#31Medicinal & Ornamental Acorus calamus#32Canabis sativa#33ARTIMISSIA SPECIES - ANTI-MALARIAL SOURCES#34Plantago major#35- Taxus wallichiana – source of anti-cancer drug GASPATTI#36Antimalarial and antidiarrhoeal plant Shertia sp#37Good for heart disease Digitalis sp.#38Fertility enhancer and immunomodulatory plant Cordyceps#39Rhododendron flower - Squash and juices#40Empty#41Empty#42Empty#43Empty#44Cupress sp.#45Impatiens sp. (Ecorestorative sps.)#46Pinus wallichiana (Oleoresin for eye disease) (Himalayan Blue Pine)#47Empty#48Illicium griffithii & Swertia chirayita 2 3 4 Traditional Spice & Anti- malarial drug source#49Berberis wallichiana DC (Berberidaceae) - dye yielding source#50Paris polyphylla Franch (Trilliaceae) - anti-cancer#51Rubia cordifolia L. (Rubiaceae) - dye yielding Piper pedicellatum C.DC (Piperaceae)-Food & medicinal#52Zanthoxylum rhetsa & Zanthoxylum armatum (Rutaceae) leaf consumed as vegetable, and used as traditional medicine (antiviral and antiseptic)#53Mahonia nepaulensis DC - (Berberidaceae) – Dye yielding plant#54Panax arunachalensis M. Taram & H. Tag Fertility enhancer & Antiaging Plant (Panacea for Humanity)#55Conservation of Medicinal Plant Biodiversity & Utilization of Wild Plants ➤Encourage forestry/Forest Gene Bank ►Propagate germplasm in natural habitats ➤Cultivation in degraded community land ➤Intervention of Biotechnological approach >Product Development ➤Market channel ➤Sustainable Economic growth ➤Better Livelihood of local community#56Cultivated & Commercial species: How happy & successful is the owner??#57Empty#58Mountain Crop Races: Food Security for the High Altitude Local Community#59KIWI (Actinidia deliciosa)#60MONTY HAYWARD BRUNO ALLISON#61Empty#62Temperate Orange#63Temperate Sugarcane#64Aleo vera#65Colocasia esculenta Local Name: Ngaglin#66Wild & Edible#67Local Name: Shabse#68Medicinal plant Local Name: Nfef#69WILD & EDIBLE berries Rubus sp. (C) Srik 2010#70Medicinal and Ornamental Orchid#71ORCHID DIVERSITY IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH Cymbidium devonianum Dendrobium transparens Eria tomentosa#72ORCHID DIVERSITY IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH (CONTD...) Aerides rosea Coelogyne nitida Phaius tancarvillea#73Artimissia Species SOME MEDICINAL IMPORTANT PLANTS Taxus bacca Paris polyphylla Smith ASPATTI Panax arunachalensis Solarum Zanthoxylum armatum DC torvum Sw.#74SOME MEDICINAL IMPORTANT PLANTS CONTD... Begonia roxburghii Plantago major Cinnamomum tamal Vetran Zanthoxylum armatum Mimosa pudica Diplazium esculentu#75Sl. No Botanical Name Family Vernacular names Part used Rhizome 1. Allium cepa L. 2. Allium sativum L. 3. Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Piyaz Losun Whole plant Xanthorrhoeaceae Aloe vera Leaf pulp 4. Azadirachta indica A. Juss Meliaceae Neem 5. Manifera indica Linn. Anacardiaceae 6. Centella asiatica (Linn.) Apiaceae Aam ahi Ngiilyangakho Leaf, Bark Tender leaves Whole plant 1. Panax pseudoginseng Wall. Araliaceae hamang Mishmi teeta Roots and berry 8. Crassocephalum Asteraceae Genda hamang Leaf crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore 9. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. Athyraceae Hiika hamang Young frond 10. Begonia roxburghii A.DC. Begoniaceae Bekhoo, Lukhu Leaf 11. Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. Brassicaceae Leaf, seed Ethnobotanical use of some of the medicinal plants in Arunachal Pradesh Giiyan#76Sl. No 12. Botanical Name Catharanthus roseus (L.) Family Vernacular names Part used Apocynaceae periwinkle Leaf G.Don 13. Callicarpa tomentosa (L.) L.. Lamiaceae Tato, yalu, Yahorin Bark 14. Saccharum spontaneum L. Poaceae Tapi Young shoots 15. Solanum viarum Dunal Solanaceae Bengela tang Fruit 16. Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae Karela/kairu Fruit and seed 17. Beta vulgaris L. Chenopodiaceae Beet Root 18. Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Convolvulaceae MithaAloo Aerial part 19. Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Cucurbitaceae Jojuru Fruits and root 20. Cucumis melo L. Cucurbitaceae Tape Fruits 21. Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Cucurbitaceae Bhat kerala Fruits Willd. Ethnobotanical use of some of the medicinal plants in Arunachal Pradesh (Contd..)#77Sl. No Botanical Name Family Vernacular Part used names 22. Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. Cucurbitaceae Potol Fruits and roots 23. Phyllanthus emblica L Euphorbiaceae Amloki Tender leaves 24. Glycine max (L.) Merr. Fabaceae Ammiiperung Seed 25. Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Lamiaceae Tulsi/Eulochi Leaf 26. Cinnamomum tamala Lauraceae Tej pat Stem, bark, root. (Buch.-Ham.) T.Nees &Eberm. 27. Mimosa pudica L. Leguminosae Haniang Whole plant 28. Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Muduri Leaves 29. Plantago major L. Plantaginaceae Mepi hamang Root, leaves stem 30. Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Rutaceae Yorkhung Fruit / leaves Ethnobotanical use of some of the medicinal plants in Arunachal Pradesh...#78Traditional food plant resources & Local Food Security of Arunachal Pradesh AKMAR N RTILI#79Name of Product:- Akmar (Height of Plant) 20-25 Feet. i) Importance/Use:- It is consumed with local wine. ii) It is also used as substitute of Albendazole to kill the worms in human body. iii) It is also used as medicine in urine disorder.#80SHENGMAR#81i) Importance/Use:- It is used as hair oil. Name of Product:- ii) It is consumed with local wine. Shengmar Plant Height (10-20 Feet)#82FINMAR Magolic#83WOORSENG#84Name of Product:- Woorseng (Height of Plant) 20-30 Feet. Importance & Use:- i) It is consumed as Ghee. 11) It is used in worship HO It is also used in making ja#85Some Local Foods of Arunachal Pradesh Churpi (Prepared from Yak Milk) Tomato Wild Guava Butter Tea Processed Corn Panax bipinnatifidus (Ginseng)#86ECT HAS SECUR OU OF AVY SET OUT MORTALI OFA JMAN MAY BE AFFECTED WHEN THEY FECTED BIRDS, FAECES, SECRETION ME IN CONTACT WITH ERS YMPTOMS IN POULTRY ARE RUFFLE NASAL SECRETION YANOTIC COMB & W YMPTOMS IN FU DUY ACHES, AND TIS SAFE TO LE THE VIRUS G OULTARY T ALLOW STRANGERS PSTRICT VIGIL FOR AN BACKYARD POULTRY, B TH DUCKS OR OTHER S SE CLEAN WATER IN FARM A PROPER SANCA CREAM SEPERATOR MIDIGENOUS E#87Momo-Made of Yak milk and corn#88Landscape, Biodiversity, People & Culture#89Empty#90Indigenous/traditional Science & technology of local community#91Daphne papyracea: Source of local handmade paper Name: Shug Sheng#92Daphne papyracea: Monpa's paper plant#93Indigenous technology!!#94Handmade paper ready to be used#95Aromatic plant Local Name: Dugsheng#96Traditional Knowledge - Local culture: Faith on the power of Mountain God (Phu) - CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY#97Chilipam Monastery: Buddhism Learning#98Mountain Sacred heart at Morshing - Biodiversity Conservation Ethics at Community Level#99Life at below Zero Degree ci#100People's Lifeline at subalpine#101Local Faith & Belief system: COMMUNITY FOREST- NATURE GENE BANK Holistic conservation approach recognized worldwide#102Community Forest Gene Bank#103Temperate coniferous Forest - COMMUNITY GENE BANK REGULATED BY LOCAL CUSTOMARY LAWS#104Tawang Monastery-Sheath of ancient learning#105Young Buddhist Monk#106AGIN ST& ACHE PRA BE ALLO Different festivals & dresses of Arunachal Pradesh (Ethno cultural diversity)#107DONYI-POLOISM CULTURAL GROUP OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH INCLUDES NYISHI WHO WORHSHIPS MOTHER NATURE IN ANCIENT FORM!! Their age-old folklore and mythology bears ethical and moral philosophy capable of guiding human society in sustainable developmental path#108But education is must for physical, mental and spiritual health: every child has to pass through this stage of life!!#109Empty#110Animal Diversity of Arunachal Pradesh#111Butterfly diversity in Arunachal Pradesh Delias belladona Lethe verma Abisara fylla Junonia iphita Ypthima sakra Neptis yerburi#112BIRD DIVERSITY IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH Black Drongo Mountain Imperial Pigeon Common Kingfishe Rock Pigeon Red Vented bulbul Wild Eagle#113MOTH DIVERSITY IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH davay Bradina diagonalis Cydalima laticostalis Cydalima sp. Tridrepana s Eustroma sp Numenes patrana Cyana sp. Cratonotos trai#114Amblyceps apangi FISH FAUNA IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH Glyptothorax pantherinus Pseudecheneis sirenica Exostoma labiatum Acanthocobitis botia Schistura Savona Aborichthys kempi Poropuntius clavatus Botia almorhae#115FROG DIVERSITY IN ARUNACHAL PRADESH imnonectes limnocharis Rhacophorus bipunctatus Polypedates Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Duttaphyrynus melanostictusoplobatrachus tiger#116Intervention of Biotechnology in Bio-productivity & Food Security 244#117Handsome Male Yak - Friends of Monpa#118Mithun (Bos frontalis): State Animal Pristine glory of Arunachal Pradesh#119Nature's Biotechnology!!!#120Nature's Biotechnology: Life of Migratory Bird at alpine lake in Tawang Region#121Thanks