#1Chinese Infrastructure Projects in Central African Countries: Incentives, Local Implications and Significations Outline × Introduction × Context and theoretical framework × Incentives for infrastructure investments x Local implications and significations × Perceptions et discourses × Conclusion × Infrastructure pictures By: Yorbana Seign-goura, Université de Neuchâtel, Institute of Sociology#2Introduction Chinese infrastructure projects in Central African Countries • Construction d'une ville industrielle à Tanger devant accueillir 200 sociétés chinoises (entamée fin 2017) 10 milliards $ sur dix ans • Haite ces projets emblématiques de la zone francophone • Portion ouest et centre de l'autoroute Est-Ouest, présentée comme la réalisation du siècle (livrée) 6,2 milliards $ • Consortium Citic- CRCC ⚫ Rehabilitation du chemin de fer Dakar-Kidira, 633 km (études en cours) 1.15 milliard € China Railways Construction Corporation Projet Coût Entreprise Senegal Maroc Algérie Mali Burkina Guinée Benin Côte d'ivoire Togo • Reprise des parts de Rio Tinto dans le gisement de fer du mont Simandou (en cours) 1.1 à 1.3 milliard $ - Chinalco Agrandissement et moder- nisation du Port autonome d'Abidjan (en cours) - 1,2 milliard $ China Harbour Engineering Company (CHEC) • Construction de la dorsale internet (fibre optique), dont 2 000 km déjà installés (en cours) 175,3 millions € Huawei Tchad Cameroun Congo Gabon RD Congo Barrage du Grand Poubara (livré) 398 millions $ Sinohydro • Raffinerie de Djermaya, avec une capacité de 20 000 barils/jour (inaugurée en 2011) 588 millions € -China National Petroleum Corportation Djibouti -Port Multimodal de Doraleh (inauguré) 590 millions $ China Merchants Group • Complexe sportif de Kintélé (vre) 580 millions € China State Construction Engineering, Zhengwei Technique Congo, Sinohydro et Procob Construction de la centrale hydro- électrique d'Adjarala, d'une capacité de 147 MW (entamée en 2017) -405 millions € Sinohydro 10 000 - Port en eau profonde de Kribi (livré) 429 millions $ (phase I). 793 millions $ (phase II). - China Harbour Engi- neering Company (CHEC) entreprises chinoises sont actives sur le continent dans le secteur manufacturier (un tiers), les services (un quart), le commerce, la construction et l'immobilier (un cinquième) 60 Reprise des parts de Freeport McMoran dans le projet de cuivre de Tenke Fungurume (en 2017) 2,65 milliards $ pour reprendre les parts de l'américain China Molybdenum milliards de dollars de production industrielle par an (soit 12 % de la production africaine) 90% d'entre elles sont des entreprises privées Source: Financial Times and Jeune Afrique 2017 JEUNE AFRIQUE#3Context and theoretical Framework × China and Central African Countries: Cameroon, DRC, Chad, Congo, Gabon × China in Africa, China as donor actor. Win win policy × Central African countries (infrastructure needs) × Infrastructure deficit in SSA (2012: Cost 75 billion USD/year, (World Bank, 2011. Cristina Alves 2013)) × Chinese FDI and win win strategy in Africa D#4Incentives ×Chinese FDI motivations × Economic diplomacy *Strategic reasons * Recipient countries requests and needs ( infrastructure). × African Development Bank annual infrastructure requirements to be $ 130 to $170 billion in Africa in 2018 (Brautigam 2019). *Diversification of Development et economic partners#5C ☑ Local implications and significations Type of infrastructure: Official Building, roads, dams, electrification xUrban vs rural areas * Elite capture, debt trap, natural resources predation ×Chinese vs local labor Modernization theory vs old donors' competition. × Symbols of power vs local development perspective (hospitals, schools, rural roads, electricity)#6C Perceptions et discourses × Mitigated perceptions ( state vs local community) × Elites vs local community × Chinese labour vs local benefits × Infrastructure quality × Exploiter, development partner?#7Conclusion × Huge Chinese FDI infrastructure development × In the framework of modernization and win win policy × Mitigated perceptions. × Chinese ethical business principles × Chinese Belt and Road Initiative#8C Infrastructure pictures in Central African Countries#9Yaoundé Conference Center in Cameroon D יא ACNOT 200 Source: https://www.google.com/search?q=palais+des+congr%C3%A9s,+chine,+cameroun&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=W3mWq35GBY 63GM%253A%252CKxpHRPE3MOisgM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_- kS9SWDOC5XhSCPI355eXwUYq3CYFg&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjj770c5urhAhVDEVAKHaLJB74Q9QEwBHoECAkQDA#imgrc=5ef 2c7z1QdjvuM:&vet=1&spf=1556180004899.#10C Maquette for Congo parliament building AIDE DE LA CHINE au Nouveau Sic Projet financé par un Don de la République Populaire de Chine Source: https://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=JGZBXLDFNZDWwQLgn6_ADw&q=maquette+parlement+congo %2C+chine&oq=maquette+parlement+congo%2C+chine&gs_l=img.3...380734.396785..398175...0.0..0.180.1719.30j1 ..0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i67j0.qGNQ50wQbJ8#imgrc=sgk7YaXNKEO95M:&spf=1556180403884.#11Chadian houses of parliament Source: https://www.google.com/search?biw=1920&bih=985&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=CnDBXPQxDdHHWA KNgprABw&q=p3lajs + des+deput%C s-wiz-img.....0..Oi67j0j0124j018130.154QeFndOSU#imgrc=Fr-oex1v8AMyqM:&spf=1556181024403. s%2C+Tchad&oq=palais+des+deput%C3%A9s%2C+Tchad&gs_l=img.3.#12D Road infrastructure in DRC Source: https://www.google.com/search?biw=1920&bih=985&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=JHTBXMzaFZLUWAKTу7PYCg&q=infrastructure+rdc%2C +la+chine+relance+le+projet&oq=infrastructure+rdc%2C+la+chine+relance+le+projet&gs_l=img.3...173968.194056..196360...0.0..0. 63.2442.46......0....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i67j0j0i10j0i30j0i8i30j0i24.zbRTz853up8#imgrc=iis2sZz5XgZ_ZM:&spf=1556182249620.#13D Stadium in Gabon NEW CHINA Source: https://www.google.com/search?biw=1920&bih=985&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=- nXBXPurMJDLwAK2kKmQDw&q=infrastructure%2C+chine%2C+gabon%2C+stade&oq=infrastructure%2C+chine%2C+gabon%2C+stade&gs_l=img.3...3675.5920. .6310...1.0..0.58.262.5..........1..gws-wiz-img.bQ20dL38-MM#imgrc=dlgHp ZS3gVaeM:&spf=1556182530230#14Flood barrier in Gabon Source https://www.google.com/search?biw=1920&bih=985&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=6HjBXL2VGs6ZkwWuwpb4CQ&q=+barrage%2C+gabon%2C+chine&oq =+barrage%2C+gabon%2C+chine&gs_l=img.3...34997.39750..42400...0.0..0.83.978.15......0...1..gws-wiz- img.GSzn4nHw1yg#imgrc=09G4B1waACfe6M:&spf=1556183315563.#15C Thank you#16References X Brautigam Deborah (2019). 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X Ana Cristina Alves (2013) China's 'win-win' cooperation: Unpacking the impact of infrastructure- for-resources deals in Africa, South African Journal of International Affairs, 20:2: https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2013.811337 X https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/453084/economie/cherche-chine-investissant-autant- afrique/.