#1Implementation Challenges of SDGs Country Study: Bangladesh Presented at Research-Policy meeting on Interpreting SDGs for South Asia: In Search of a Regional Framework P CENTRE FOR POLICY DIALOGUE Mostafa Amir Sabbih Senior Research Associate Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD), Dhaka Dhaka: 20 November 2018 UNITED NATIONS ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific FRIEDRICH EBERT STIFTUNG#2Authors This presentation is based on Interpreting SDGs for South Asia: In Search of a Regional Framework Country Study: Bangladesh by Debapriya Bhattacharya Umme Shefa Rezbana Amina Khatun 2#3Content 1. Implementation challenges of SDGs in Bangladesh 2. Mainstreaming SDGs into national planning processes in view of national priorities 3. Management, coordination and leadership for SDGs implementation 4. Financing and other means of implementation including systemic issues 5. Availability and Adequacy of Data to Monitor the SDGs 6. Partnership and stakeholder participation including institutional arrangements 7. Conclusion 3#41. Implementation Challenges of SDGs in Bangladesh The Five Challenges "Aligning" SDG implementatio n with national planning and policy processes Partnership and stakeholder participation including institutional arrangements Challenges Management, coordination and leadership for SDG implementatio n Data-related issues and capacity of the national statistical agencies Financing and other means of implementatio n including systemic issues 4#52. Management, coordination and leadership for SDGs implementation Existing Plan, Policies and Acts ◉ ◉ ■ 7th Five Year Plan National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) 2015 National Food Policy Plan of Action (2008-2015) National Health Policy 2011 Health, Population and Nutrition Sector Development Program (HPNSDP) 2011-16 National Education Policy 2010; Primary Education Development Program-Revised (PEDP III) 2011-17 National Women's Development Policy (NWDP) 2011 ■ Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 ■ Power System Master Plan (PSMP) 2016 National Labor Policy 2012 ■ National Skills Development Policy (NSDP 2011) ■ National Industrial Policy 2016 ■ Revised Strategic Transport Plan 2016 ■ National Sustainable Development Strategy 2016-21 Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009 ■ National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM) 2016-2020 LO 5#62. Mainstreaming SDGs into national planning processes in view of national priorities Alignment of SDGs with policies □ GoB examined the alignment of SDGs targets with the objectives spelt out in the 7FYP document. It was found that 56 SDGs targets from 14 SDGs are fully aligned ◉ 37 SDGs targets from 13 SDGs are partially aligned and another 65 SDGs targets from 12 SDGs are not aligned with the objectives of the 7FYP. ☐ 11 targets from 7 SDGs were perceived to be not relevant for Bangladesh. 7 th FIVE YEAR PLAN FY2016 - FY2020 Accelerating Growth, Empowering Citizens General Economics Division (GED) Plannning Commission Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh 6#72. Mainstreaming SDGs into national planning processes in view of national priorities ■ Partially Aligned ✓ Five of the each targets from Goal 1, 8, and 17 (No Poverty, Decent Work, and Partnership) are the Partially aligned ✓ 5 out of 7 targets of No Poverty are Partially aligned ☐ Not Aligned ➤ Targets from Goal 2, 3, 4 and 16 (Zero Hunger, Good Health, Quality Education, and Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions are mostly Not Aligned with the 7FYP ➤ Among them, all of the 10 targets of Quality Education are Not Aligned. ➤ 9 of the 12 targets of Peace, Justice and Strong Institution are Not Aligned □ GoB is also in the process of integrating the SDG targets into Annual Performance Agreement (APA) system 7#83. Management, coordination and leadership for SDGs implementation The Planning Commission has conducted a mapping of all the concerned ministries/divisions by SDG areas. Also mapped existing policies and actions proposed by 7FYP. Ministry/division wise responsibility matrix for all SDG SDGs Goal 1: No poverty Goal 2: Zero hunger Goal 3: Good health and well-being Goal 4: Quality education Goal 5: Gender equality Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy Goal 8: Decent work and economic growth Goal 9: Industry, innovation and infrastructure Lead Ministries/Divisions CD; GED; MoEF, MoDMR; FD MoA; MoFood; MoHFW; MoInd; ERD; MoC; FD MoHFW; MOHA; RTHD; MOLE; MOEF; ERD MOPME; MOE; ERD MOWCA; MOSW LGD; MOA; MoWR; ERD PoD; EMRD; ERD FD; MoC; MoInd; MOA; GED; MOLE; MOYS; MOCAT; MOCA; BFID RTHD; LGD; MoInd; MoEF; MOST; MOA; ERD; ICTD; PTD 8#93. Management, coordination and leadership for SDGs implementation Ministry/division wise responsibility matrix for all SDG SDGs Goal 10: Reduced inequalities Goal 11: Sustainable cities and communities Goal 12: Responsible consumption and production Goal 13: Climate action Goal 14: Life below water Goal 15: Life and land Lead Ministries/Divisions GED; LJD; FD; ERD; MOEWOE; MOC; BFID MOHPW; RTHD; MOR; MOCA; MODMR; LGD; MOWCA; ERD MOFA; MoEF; MoF; MoA; LGD; MoInd; IMED (CPTU); MoE; MOPME; ERD; MOCAT; FD MODMR; GED; MOEF MoWR; MoS; MOST; MoFL; MoEF; MOD MoEF; ERD; FD; MOFA Goal 16: Peace, Justice and strong MoHA; MOWCA; MOFA; LJD; LPAD; BB; institutions CD; MOPA; GED; ERD; LGD; MoInf IRD; FD; ERD; PMO (BOI); BB; MOST; Goal 17. Partnerships for the goals PTD; MoEF; ICTD; GED; MOC; PMO (PPPA); SID (BBS) 9#103. Management, coordination and leadership for SDGs implementation SDGs Implementation Committees ❖In November 2015, the GoB established an an Inter-Ministerial Committee on 'SDG Monitoring and Implementation' comprising 20 Secretaries headed by the Chief Coordinator (GED being the Secretariat). ❖ The GoB has prepared a 'National Action Plan for SDGs Implementation' Other Important Committees * 'SDGs Working Team' hosted by the Governance Innovation Unit, Prime Minister's Office 'SDGs Implementation Sub-committee' by the NGO Affairs Bureau 'National Data Coordination Committee-NDDC' to deal with data gap under Statistics and Informatics Division, (SID) 10#113. Management, coordination and leadership for SDGs implementation ❖The GoB has also published the Monitoring and Evaluation Framework for SDGs implementation ❖Voluntary National Review (VNR) of SDGs was also prepared in 2017 and presented at the UN SDG Implementation Review (SIR) conference was held on 4-6th July 2018. Government organizations, in collaboration with development partners and NGOs expressed their views on current state of SDGs implementation in Bangladesh *GED has also put forward a proposal to localise SDGs in Bangladesh 11#124. Financing and other means of implementation including systemic issues ☐ The GoB has conducted an exercise to assess additional funding needs for SDG implementation. □ GoB (ERD) also produced an independent development finance assessment titled 'Strengthening Finance for the 7th Five Year Plan and SDGs in Bangladesh'. SDGs Financing Strategy Bangladesh Perspective ** SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 8 GOALS General Economics Division (GED) Planning Commission Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh June 2017 12#134. Financing and other means of implementation including systemic issues Key Cost Estimations Summary of costing exercise (USD in billion) FY 17-FY20 FY 21-FY 25 FY 26-FY 30 FY 17-FY 30 Total additional synchronized cost 129.79 300.65 498.04 928.48 Annual average additional synchronized cost 32.45 60.13 99.61 66.32 ☐ The additional synchronized cost for all 17 goals would be 10.2% of the projected GDP (at 2015-16 constant prices) under the 7FYP extended growth scenario in FY17 which would increase to 24.1% in FY30. Under BAU growth scenario, the estimated total additional synchronized cost for all 17 goals would increase to 28.1% in FY30. The highest cost would be incurred for implementation of SDG 8 while the least cost will be incurred for implementation of SDG 17. 13#144. Financing and other means of implementation including systemic issues Five potential sources of gap financing External NGOS Sources 15% 4% Public- Private Partnerships 6% Private Sector Financing 41% Public Sector Financing 34% Revenue collection Introducing bond financing Deregulating energy prices Debt financing Savings from efficiency gains Contribution of different sources in gap financing Percentage of contribution 46.3 50 37.0 40 34.31.3 30 20 10 6.6 4.5 18.4 13.3 7.0 3.0 Public Sector Private Sector Public Private Partnership Contributing Sources ■FY 2017 ■FY 2030 External Sources NGOs 14#154. Finance for implementing SDGs in Bangladesh Trends in major financing sources (% of GDP) FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 Source Private Investment 21.1 21.7 21.9 21.6 22.2 22.5 21.7 22.0 22.1 23.0 23.1 23.3 Public 5.1 4.5 4.3 4.7 5.3 5.8 6.6 6.5 6.8 6.7 7.4 8.0 Investment Domestic 8.5 9.5 9.1 9.5 10.2 10.9 10.7 10.4 9.6 10.0 10.2 -- Revenue Remittance 7.5 8.6 9.5 9.5 9.1 9.6 9.6 8.2 7.8 6.7 5.1 5.5 FDI 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 ODA 2.0 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.8 ◉ ◉ Private investment is almost plateaued as share of GDP Public investment has been showing a generally upward trend Revenue mobilisation as share of GDP has been unsatisfactory Remittance inflows have suffered in the recent years ◉ FDI as share of GDP is nearly stagnant Share of ODA in GDP has been generally declining The need for intensifying current efforts and venturing newer avenues has become an exigency 15#165. Availability and Adequacy of Data to Monitor the SDGs Data availability The GOB undertook a data- mapping exercise to assess the availability of data for Bangladesh in the light of the SDGs indicators. However, based on the update provided by Inter Agency and Expert Group indicators on SDG (IAEG-SDGs), Data availability in Bangladesh across all proposed SDGs indicators Readily available, Not 64 available, 110 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework of SDGs redid the exercise. It was found that of the 232 indicators, data for 110 indicators (47.4%) are not available. Partially available, 58 16 16#175. Availability and Adequacy of Data to Monitor the SDGs 15 27 29 33 29 38 80 50 50 0 55 37 64 73 75 17 100 47 9 25 90 96 50 50 32 61 20 38 64 40 29 71 36 18 22 48 20 21 23 18 9 0 50 48 36 13 20 24 25 13 14 10 17 0 0 ■Readily Available 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Partially Available 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Not Available Data availability by goal areas It must be noted that there are recurring nine indicators which have been repeated twice or thrice. 100 60 Data appears to be severely limited for Goal 1, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 (based on proportion of unavailable indicators). ☐ Based on proportion of readily available indicators, Goal 3, 5, 7, 17 are in relatively better position ☐ 'SDG tracker' has been introduced under Access to Information (a2i) Programme of the Prime Minister's Office Data availability according to three pillars of SDGs 60 50 40 32 30 28 30 20 10 0 15 16 30 19 17 57 Social Economic Environmental ■Readily Available ■Partially Available ■Not Available 17#185. Availability and Adequacy of Data to Monitor the SDGs Key Challenges ■ ◉ ◉ Accessibility, quality and timeliness of data will be critical Harmonizing the concepts, definitions, methodologies following global standards Effective use of rapid technological progress Coordination among National Statistical Agency and private sector for addressing the methodological gap ■ Validation of non-official data Ensuring finance for data is a challenge given that global support to statistics has declined in recent years Aid for statistics to Bangladesh has been extremely volatile over the last eight years, ranging from just $0.5 million in 2009 to $47.8 million in 2013 ◉ Independence of statistical office is important 18#196. Partnership and Stakeholder Participation Including Institutional Arrangements Agenda setting Implementation Monitoring Accountability Mode of participation ◉ Instrument for enforcing accountability Role of public Development partners representatives (Parliament and local Knowledge community government) Government (executive & bureaucracy) National accountability mechanism Public representativ e Private sector Civil society 19 19#206. Partnership and Stakeholder Participation Including Institutional Arrangements Involvement of NGOs, CSOs and Think Tanks Planning process . Input of all stakeholders in prioritisation and sequencing of SDGs ■ Implementation • Civil society groups can lend a hand in grant management NGOs work can help in implementing SDGs in the ground Monitoring and evaluation . NGOs, CSOs and think tanks can provide alternative sources of data • They can set up parallel review process that will ensure accountability 20#216. Partnership and Stakeholder Participation Including Institutional Arrangements Involvement of Private Sector □ Citizen's Platform for SDGs, Bangladesh organized a dialogue titled 'Role of Private Sector in SDG Implementation' at the Chamber on October 2, 2016 □ GED organized dialogue on Involving Private Sector with the SDGs implementation mapping □ DCCI also organized a dialogue on Private Sector □ UN system in Bangladesh has organized a dialogue on Private Sector as well However, an overall institutional framework is yet to be defined in the SDG documents 21 121#226. Partnership and Stakeholder Participation Including Institutional Arrangements Follow up and review mechanism Follow-up and review processes will be voluntary and will respect policy space and priorities of the countries Global review will primarily be based on national official data sources - country reports and thematic reports National reviews will be carried out by member states: should be regular and inclusive, and in line with national circumstances, policies and priorities National reviews should draw contributions from ○ Marginalized groups (e.g. indigenous people) ° CSOs ○ Private sector o Other stakeholders ■ Needs support from the National Parliament and other institutions 22#236. Partnership and Stakeholder Participation Including Institutional Arrangements Initiatives taken by NGO Affairs Bureau in collaboration with Citizen's Platform for SDGs, Bangladesh The conference titled "Role of NGOs in Implementation of SDGs in Bangladesh" was held on18 May, 2017. Some of the key messages were: ☐ Effective partnerships between GO and NGO, built on trust, mutual respect and support will help achieve the SDGs in Bangladesh ☐ There should be a set of comprehensive guidelines for such to work in and collaborations implementing monitoring the Goals and ensure accountability for their activities at the same time. ☐ GO-NGO partnership will also help reach out to vulnerable groups and serve as a platform for sharing resources and knowledge Citizen's Platform for SDGs, Bangladesh এসডিজি বাস্তবায়নে নাগরিক প্ল্যাটফর্ম, বাংলাদেশ এনজিও বিষয়ক ব্যুরো প্রধানমন্ত্রীর কার্যালয় প্রারম্ভিক অধিবেশন টেকসই উন্নয়ন অভীষ্ট (এসডিজি) বাস্তবায়নে বাংলাদেশে বেসরকারি উন্নয়ন সংস্থার ভূমিকা প্রধান অতিথি: জনাব আ হ ম মুস্তফা কামাল, এফসিএ, এমপি, মাননীয় মন্ত্রী, পরিকল্পনা মন্ত্রণালয়, গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার বিশেষ অতিথিদ্বয়: জনাব মোঃ আবুল কালাম আজাদ, মুখ্য সমন্বয়ক (এসডিজি), প্রধানমন্ত্রীর কার্যালয় ড. শামসুল আলম, সদস্য (সিনিয়র সচিব), সাধারণ অর্থনীতি বিভাগ, পরিকল্পনা মন্ত্রণালয়, গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার সম্মানিত অতিথি: ড, কাজী সূচনা বক্তব্য: ড. ভাপতি: খন্দকার রাকিবুর ট্টাচার্য, আহ্বায়ক, এসডি মহাপরিচালক (অতিরিক্ত বীজ্জমান আহমদ, চেয়ারম্যান, পল্লী কর্ম-সহায়ক ফাউন্ডেশন এসএফ) বায়নে নাগরিক প্ল্যাটফর্ম, এনজিও বিষয়ক ব্যুরো, প্র এ কার্যালয় ২০১৭, বঙ্গবন্ধু আন্তজী গলন কেন্দ্র, ঢাকা 23 23#246. Partnership and Stakeholder Participation Including Institutional Arrangements Initiatives taken by NGO Affairs Bureau in collaboration with Citizen's Platform for SDGs, Bangladesh (contd.) Based on the proceedings of the conference regarding "Role of NGOs in Implementation of SDGs in Bangladesh", the book titled “২০৩০ বৈশ্বিক উন্নয়ন এজেন্ডা ও বাংলাদেশঃ বাস্তবায়নের সন্ধিক্ষণে সরকারি-বেসরকারি সংস্থার অংশীদারিত্ব”was published. The goal of the publication was to reach a greater audience and familiarize them with the ongoing discourse as regards the scopes and challenges of GO-NGO collaboration. ২০৩০ বৈশ্বিক উন্নয়ন এজেন্ডা ও বাংলাদেশ বাস্তবায়নের সন্ধিক্ষণে সরকারি-বেসরকারি সংস্থার অংশীদারিত্ব Citizen's Platform for SDGs, Bangladesh এসডিজি বাস্তবায়নে নাগরিক প্ল্যাটফর্ম, বাংলাদেশ এনজিও বিষয়ক ব্যুরো প্রধানমন্ত্রীর কার্যালয় Yeer 8 24#256. Partnership and Stakeholder Participation Including Institutional Arrangements Initiatives taken by NGO Affairs Bureau in collaboration with Citizen's Platform for SDGs, Bangladesh (contd.) → A dialogue on “এসডিজি বাস্তবায়নে এনজিওদের কর্মপরিকল্পনা গ্রহণ এবং এলডিসি গ্র্যাজুয়েশন” was held on 10 March 2018. The issues of developing institutional and policy framework to facilitate GO- NGO collaboration and creating a SDGs Trust Fund through government finance was discussed এসডিি র কর্ম-পরিকল্প এলডিসি গ্রাজু প্রধান অতিথি: জনাব মোঃ নজিবুর রহমান প্রধানমন্ত্রীর মুখ্য সচিব, প্রধানমন্ত্রী বিশেষ অতিথি: ড. দেবপ্রিয় ভট্টাচার্য এ ধায়ক, এসডিজি বাস্তবায়ন নাগরিক প্লাটফর্ম, বাংলাদেশ ও সম্মাননা ফেলো, সেটার ফর পলিসি ডায়ালগ (সিপিডি) জনাব মনোয়ার আহমেদ অতিরিক্ত সচিব, অর্থ কি সম্পর্ক বিভাগ কে, এম, আর অতিরিক্ত 25#266. Partnership and Stakeholder Participation Including Institutional Arrangements Latest developments ☐ NGOAB is coordinating the efforts ☐ Formulation of "SDGs NGO Sub-Committee" ☐ Piloting of NGO Action Plan □ NGO SIR reports will be prepared 26 96#276. Partnership and Stakeholder Participation Including Institutional Arrangements Being inspired by the commitment to 'Leave NO one Behind', The Citizen's Platform for SDGs, Bangladesh has organized a day-long symposium titled "Citizen's Conference on SDGs in Bangladesh" on 6 December, 2017. The main objectives of the conference are to create mass awareness about the SDGs in Bangladesh, develop more clarity and cohesion among the NGOs in its implementation process and explore further opportunities for GO- NGO partnership in the country. The Citizen's Platform for SDGs, Bangladesh also organized a day- long Conference titled Youth Conference 2018: Bangladesh and Agenda 2030 - - Aspirations of the Youth on 14 October 2018 in Dhaka. H নাগরিক ২০১৭ বাংলাদেশে এসডিজি বাস্তবায়ন কাউকে পেছনে রাখা যাবে না নাগরিক সম্মেলন ২০১৭ বাংলাদেশে এসডিজি বাস্তবায়ন কাউকে পেছনে রাখা যাবে না Cizen's Platform for SDCs, Bangladesh এসডিজি বাস্তবায়নে নাগরিক প্লাটফর্ম, বাংলাদেশ প্রারম্ভিক অধিবেশন প্রারম্ভিক অধিবেশন ৬ ডিসেম্বর ২০১৭ বাংলাদেশ কৃষিবিদ ইন্সটিটিউট, ঢাকা www সুলতানা কামাল 27#287. Conclusion Bangladesh has been one of the front-runners in institutionalising SDG implementation More success in the "upstream”, but lack of progress in the "downstream" More attention required ◉ ■ Policy alignment: No clear direction how the 'not-aligned' targets (e.g. 'Quality Education') Instituional framework: Localisation (Will it be possible without overcoming the structural bottlenecks?) Financing: Lack of concrete steps (e.g. tax reforms, debt- burden, foreign aid policy) ■ Data: Limited or no progress in generating new data including from administrative sources, recognising unofficial data or harnessing more disaggregated data Partnership: discrete attempts have been made but no institutional mechanism 28#297. Conclusion ◉ Other issues where more attention is required LNOB: importance given to LNOB concept but identification and issues of mitigating vulnerabilities remain weak Trade-off and synergies not adequately conceptualised and put into policy priorities Opportunities of collaboration at sub-regional level not adequately explored Systemic concerns: Trade war, Deteriorating global and regional circumstances, National transition Often, BAU actions are put under ‘SDG bracket' rather than transforming BAU for delivery of SDG aspirations "Theories' need to be translated into 'practice' 29#30THANK YOU Please visit: http://cpd.org.bd/ www.bdplatform4sdgs.net http://southernvoice.org/ 30