#16th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Techno-economic analysis of energy storage integration for solar PV in Burkina Faso Hamza Abid AALBORG UNIVERSITY DENMARK re INVEST energy midt regionmidtjylland CLUSTER DENMARK DEN EUROPEISKE UNION Den Europæiske Fond for Regionaludvikling Vi investerer i din fremtid renetech renewable energy technologies KTH VETENSKAP OCH KONST Powered by SEEnergies Innovation Fund Denmark GRØN ENERGI kamstrup LOGSTOR Orsted Aalborg Forsyning#2OUTLINE 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 • . Introduction Methodology System Analysis • Results: Off Grid • Results: Grid Connected . Conclusion: Policy Suggestions 2#36th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Introduction: Burkina Faso - Landlocked country in West Africa - Population 19 million (2017) - Urban electrification (60 %) - Rural electrification (9%) BURKINA FASO 3#46th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Burkina Faso: Energy Sector - Dependent on fossil and biomass - No oil reserves or refineries - Solar production: 35 MW - 3000 hours direct sunshine per year 10% 10% 80% ■ Fossil Fuels Hydro ■ Solar Burkina Faso Electricity Mix (2019) 4#5Communities Population < 1500 1500 - 6000 6001 - 50000 > 50000 Distance to the nearest 33 kV line <1 km 1- 5 km 5-25 km > 25 km 100 km 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Urbanization in Burkina Faso Quagadougou Distribution of rural population by distance to grid (D) 23% 77% Rural population Urban population 7% 4% D50 km from distribution line or D10 km from substation 10D20 km from substation 18% 20 km D50 km from substation 63% 8% Da 50 km from substation and Dz 10 km from lighted urban area Da 50 km from substation or D 10 km from lighted urban area Distribution of Rural Communities according to size and distance from the grid (Source: Moner-Girona et. Al 2016) 5#60 LO in m Daily Radiation (kWh/m²/day) N Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 11 Nov Dec 0 - 0.1 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Solar Potential Burkina Faso Radiation 1 Clearness - 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Clearness Index + сл Daily Radiation (kWh/m²/day) N m Monthly Daily Average Solar Radiation and Clearness Index for Ouagadougou Monthly Daily Average Solar Radiation and Clearness Index for Berlin 6 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Inf Aug Sep Radiation 1 Clearness 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 +0 Oct Nov Dec Clearness Index#76th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 ● ● Hydro Potential Existing large hydro capacity: 32 MW Hydro potential in the country : 138 MW (Source: UN WSHPDR 2016) Béli Niger Inner Niger Delta Mali Gorouol Dargol Niger Féléol Faga Bizigui Sirba Goroubi Bani Sourou Black Volta Bonsaoga Red Volta Dyamongou Tapoa Burkina Faso Banifing White Volta Ouele Arli Singou Grand Balé Sisili Mékrou Pendjari Bougouriba Alibori Comoé Koumongou Léraba Iringou Ghana www Kulpawn Benin Kara 200 Km White Togo Rivers in Burkina Faso (Source: maps-for-free.com) 7#86th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Research Objective Asses the techno-economic feasibility of solar PV with storage in Burkina Faso for: • Off grid rural system Grid connected urban system PHS Electric Batteries 8#96th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 OUTLINE • • . Introduction Methodology System Analysis • Results: Off Grid • Results: Grid Connected . Conclusion: Policy Suggestions 6#10Methodology 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Primary Energy Resources Metrological Data Load Profile Data System Constraints HOMER Sensitivity Variables Economic Constraints Optimization Results Sensitivity Results Technical Constraints System Design and Sizing Interpretation and Conclusions Choice of Technology#116th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Load Profile Assessment ● Rural Load Profile Residential Load Non-Residential Load • Urban Load Profile Residential Load • Non-Residential Load 33 13#126th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Load Assessment: Key Assumptions Air conditioner Audio Visual Cooking Computing Dryer Electric fan Electric iron Lighting Cold appliances Washing 2016 2030 Residential Electricity Consumption in Burkina Faso (Source: Adeoye et al) Burkina Faso Dry season (April) Wet season (August) 2000 1650 1300 950 ہیں اس اس است ww 600 250 TIL Sat Sun Seasonal Variation of Electricity Consumption in Burkina Faso (Source: Adeoye et al) 16#136th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Load Assessment: Key Assumptions General Parameters Values-Assumptions Urban Population (Ouagadougou) Rural Population (Sabou) 2.2 million 45,000 Number of inhabitants (per household) Daily energy consumption pattern for households Daily energy consumption pattern for non-residential Electricity consumption per capita (residential) 5 in urban areas 7 in rural areas 1/3 energy consumed during daytime and 2/3 during evening and night 1/3 energy consumed during evenings and 2/3 during the day 40-45 kWh per year 17#146th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Load Assessment: Urban Profile 16 11 14 12 1 8 9 Daily Electricity Load (MW) + 6122 14 Daily Electricity Load (MW) 8 9 + 19 Burkina Faso: Non-Residential Urban Profile 2 0 0 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hour 012 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hour Burkina Faso: Residential Urban Profile#156th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Load Assessment: Rural Profile Daily Electricity Load (MW) 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 10 0.05 0 40 35 Daily Electricity Load (kW) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hour Burkina Faso: Residential Rural Profile 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Hour Burkina Faso: Non Residential Rural Profile 20 20#166th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 OUTLINE • • . Introduction Methodology System Analysis • Results: Off Grid • Results: Grid Connected . Conclusion: Policy Suggestions 21 21#176th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 System Architecture lanl T #SESAAU2020 In al + Grid Connected Urban System Architecture + Off Grid Rural System Architecture 22 22#186th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems System Architecture 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Residential Load Residential Load Solar PV Solar PV Grid Non-Residential Load Electric Batteries Non-Residential Load Electric Batteries AC-DC Converter ☑ PHS Off-Grid System (HOMER) AC-DC Converter PHS Grid Connected System (HOMER) 23#19Solar PV Parameter Capex 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Value Unit 850-2000 €/kW Replacement Cost 850-1500 €/kW Lifetime 25 25 years Operation and Maintenance Cost 10 €/kW/year Economic Parameters for Monocrystalline PV System: Source Lazard's LCOE, 2018 24 24#20Electric Batteries 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Parameter Value Unit Capex-Generic Li Ion 200 €/kWh Replacement Cost 200 €/kWh O&M Cost 50 €/kW/year Lifetime Efficiency 10 10 years 90 % Economic Parameters for 100 kWh Li Ion Electric Storage: Source Lazard's LCOE, 2018 25 25#216th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems Pumped Hydro Storage' Parameter 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Value Capex Unit 800-1200 €/kW Replacement Cost 600-800 €/kW Effective head: 100 m Discharge time: 12 hours O and M Cost 40 €/kW/year Lifetime Efficiency 25 years 81 % Economic Parameters for Generic 245 kWh PHS System: Source ESA, 2015 Time to fill reservoir: 14 hours 26 26#226th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 OUTLINE • • . Introduction Methodology System Analysis • Results: Off Grid • Results: Grid Connected . Conclusion: Policy Suggestions 27#236th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Results: Off grid Result Specification System Architecture Parameter Unit Category 1 (PV+PHS) Category 2 (PV+ Electric Batteries) PV MW 1.6 2.2 PHS MW 1.4 0 Electric Batteries MWh 0 14.9 AC-DC Converter kW 523 906 Economic Specifications NPC € 6.15 Million 12.3 Million Capital Cost € 5.54 Million 9.29 Million COE €/kWh 0.25 0.4 Results off grid considering availability of reservoirs 28#246th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Results: Off grid 0.8 0.7 Net Present Cost Fraction 33 0.4 0.5 55 9:0 0.6 0.2 0.1 Net Present Cost Fraction 0.1 0.6 0.5 == 0 0 Solar PV PHS AC-DC Converter Solar PV Electric Batteries AC-DC Converter NPC Breakdown of Category 1 (PV plus PHS) * NPC Breakdown of Category 2 (PV plus Electric Batteries) * *Considering availability of reservoirs 29#256th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Results: Off grid Result Specification System Architecture Parameter Unit Category 1 (PV+PHS) Category 2 (PV+ Electric Batteries) PV MW 1.6 2.2 PHS MW 1.4 0 Electric Batteries MWh 0 14.9 AC-DC Converter kW 665 906 Economic Specifications NPC € 10.1 Million 12.3 Million Capital Cost € 9.53 Million 9.29 Million COE €/kWh 0.4 0.4 Results off grid Including Additional Costs of Excavation for Pumped Hydro Reservoirs 30#26Results: Off grid 0.6 0.5 95 10 0.1 Net Present Cost Fraction 60 03 -0 Solar PV PHS NPC Breakdown of Category 1 (PV plus PHS)* *Considering non-availability of reservoirs 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Net Present Cost Fraction 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.4 0 AC-DC Converter Solar PV Electric Batteries AC-DC Converter NPC Breakdown of Category 2 (PV plus Electric Batteries)* 31#27Total Net Present Cost (€) Results: Off grid 16,000,000 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 8,000,000 6,000,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 0 0 50 100 Grid Extension Distance (km) 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 150 200 BGED for Solar PV plus PHS with Additional Costs of Excavation: 115 km * Total Net Present Cost (€) *Calculated for a population of 45000 people (Sabou village in Burkina Faso) 10,000,000 9,000,000 8,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0 0 10 20 30 40 10 Grid Extension Distance (km) BGED for Solar PV plus PHS without Additional Costs of Excavation: 26 km * 32 Grid Extension Standalone System#286th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Results: Off grid 140 120 100 60 80 Breakeven Grid Extension Distance (km) 00 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 Population Size 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 Sensitivity Analysis of BGED with Population Size for PV plus PHS Considering Availability of Reservoirs 33 33#296th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 OUTLINE • • . Introduction Methodology System Analysis • Results: Off Grid • Results: Grid Connected . Conclusion: Policy Suggestions 34#306th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Results: Grid Connected Result Specifications Parameter Unit Category 1 (PV+PHS + Grid) (PV + Grid) Category 2 Category 3 (Grid Only) PV MW 136 71 0 System PHS MW 26.9 0 0 Architecture Batteries Li-Ion MWh 0 0 0 AC-DC Converter MW 29 29.4 0 NPC € 323 Million 352 Million 471 Million Economic Specifications Capital Cost € 236 Million 80 Million 0 COE €/kWh 0.129 0.1 0.2 Renewable Fraction % 88.3 48.6 0 Grid Purchases GWh 20 92 167 Results Grid Connected System Architecture 35#316th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 OUTLINE • • . Introduction Methodology System Analysis • Results: Off Grid • Results: Grid Connected • Conclusion: Policy Suggestions . 36#326th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Conclusion • PV + storage (PHS) better suited for rural electrification than grid connected systems • • ● Batteries remain an expensive option for utility scale systems as compared to PHS Driving down capital cost of PVs could have a significant impact on NPC and could accelerate electrification in the region Following suggestions may help achieve universal electrification: - In house PV production - Subsidies for solar PV - Rapid effective unbundling of energy sector 37#336th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems 6-7 October 2020 #SESAAU2020 Thank You Email: [email protected] Phone: +4593562015 Linkedin: linkedin.com/in/the-hamza-abid/ 38