#1RCP RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION PROJECT ANALYSIS OF VELOCITY VARIATION WITH AZIMUTH (VVAZ) FOR NATURAL FRACTURE AND STRESS CHARACTERIZATION, VACA MUERTA FORMATION, NEUQUÉN BASIN, ARGENTINA Pablo Benitez MS Student in Geology COLORADOSCHOOLOFMINES.#2Objectives Natural Fracture and Stress Analysis Well based models Wide-Azimuth seismic data New Well Drilling Areas RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 2#3Agenda • Introduction Well Based Models Mechanical parameters • Stress analysis • Wide-Azimuth Seismic Data Anisotropy and azimuthal analysis Landing Zones New Well Drilling Areas RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 3#4INTRODUCTION RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 4#5NEUQUÉN BASIN RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 5#6Neuquén Basin - General • West of Argentina 120,000 km² • 4 Provinces Embayment and the Andes Development in the Embayment 38 36° 1 Pacific Ocean CONCEPCIÓN 72 SANTIAGO MENDOZA Pacific Ocean South America MALARGUE Atlantic Ocean 68 CHOS MALAL Study Area SIERRA PINTADA SYSTEM Neuquén International border Chile-Argentina VOLCANIC ARC Andean sector TEMUCO ZAPALA NEUQUÉN Embayment 50 100 150 km BARILOCHE NORTH PATAGONIAN MASSIF Sagasti et al. (2014) RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 6#7Neuquén Basin - Stratigraphy • 3 Cycles ◆ Several Mesosequences Lower Mendoza Mesosequence . Tordillo Formation Vaca Muerta Formation Quintuco Formation Various Depositional Sequences A CRETACEOUS Lower Upper Upper Lower JURASSIC Middle AGE Paleogene Maastrichtian Campanian Santonian Coniacian Turonian Cenomanian Albian Aptian Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian Berriasian Tithonian Kimmeridgian Oxfordian Callovian Bathonian Bajocian Aalenian Toarcian Pliensbachian Sinemurian Hettangian PERMO-TRIASSIC STRATIGRAPHY Malargue Mesosequence Jurásico Cycle Lower Supersequence Andico Cycle Middle Supersequence Riográndico Cycle Upper Superseq. Neuquén Mesosequence Rayoso Mesoseq. Huitrín Mesoseq. Upper Mendoza Mesosequence Middle Mendoza M. Lower Mendoza Mesosequence Lotena Mesosequence Cuyo Mesosequence Precuyo Mesoseq. Basement Kietzmann et al. (2016) RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 7#8UNITS AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT Neuquén Basin - Stratigraphy • 3 Cycles ◆ Several Mesosequences Lower Mendoza Mesosequence B Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian Berriasian . Tordillo Formation Vaca Muerta Formation Quintuco Formation Various Depositional Sequences RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Tithonian Mendoza Mesosequence Lower Middle Upper Mendoza Group Agrio Fm. outer to inner mixed siliciclastic- carbonate ramp Mulichinco Fm. shallow marine Vaca Muerta Fm. Quintuco Fm. offshore to shoreface basin to mid. carbonate ramp Kimmerid. Tordillo Fm. fluvial to lacustrine C Mitchum and Legarreta and D Kietzmann AGE Uliana (1985) Gulisano (1989) AGE et al. (2014) Tithonian Berriasian Val. H Mi, U G Mis כ F Miz Kim. DCBA LELE E Mi Mis Mi Mi A Mi Tithonian | Berriasian | Val. HFS-15 L HES-14 CS-5 HFS-13 HFS-12 5 CS-4 HFS-11 HFS-10 L HFS-9 CS-3 HFS-8 HES 7 U CS-2 HFS-5 HFS-4 M HFS-3 CS-1 MFS-2 HFS-1 Mi Kim. Kietzmann et al. (2016) 8#9VACA MUERTA FORMATION RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 6#10Vaca Muerta Formation Lower Tithonian - lower Valanginian • Cycles of marls, shales, limestones • Basin to middle carbonate ramp Area: 30,000 km² Thickness: Max. 600 m Study Area 200 m TOC: 2% - 12% 16 BBO - 308 TCF (EIA, 2013) A B RCP In pursuit of new ideas 10#11DATA AVAILABLE RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 11#12Data Available LEGEND Block outline/Wide-Azimuth Survey Wells 10 VSP & Microseismic Microseismic G 10 km North New 3C-3D seismic outline DATA AVAILABILITY • Three wells with full log suites • Two wells with surface microseismic • Two wells with production data • Core data at wells A, G and I • New 3D multicomponent seismic ⚫ VSP at well G RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 12#13WELL BASED MODELS RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 13#14Introduction ཁ་ VTI RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas C11 C12 C13 000 C12 C11 C13 0 00 C13 C13 C33 0 00 C33 and C44 from sonic logs 00 0 C44 0 0 00 00 C44 0 C11, C66, C12 and C13 from correlations 00000 0466 14#15Introduction Ev E₁ = C33 PRv = 2C3 C11 + C12 C12C33 - C3 C11C 33 + C² 3 En = RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas - (C11 C12)(C11C33 -2C 3 + C12C33) C11C33 - C3 PRn = C13 C11 + C12 16#16Mechanical Parameters Descent Calibration ◆ Mechanical Anisotropy ≈ 35% Stiffness Increases Upwards LVM More Ductile (YM < 2.5 MPSI) • MVM and UVM More Brittle (maximum YM ≈ 8 MPSI) WELL G Td. LVM MVM UVM Formations C66sta Clay- ° Mpsi 18 C44sta Calcite 0 Mpsi 18 C33sta QFM YM PR 0 Mpsi C13sta 18 Kero 0 Mpsi 18 C12sta Pyrite 0 Mpsi 18 0 Ehsta Mpsi 12 0 PRhsta 0.5 PhiT C11sta 0 Mpsi 18 0 Evsta Mpsi 12 0 PRvsta 0.5#17Stress Logs Calculation N Sv = = [p(z) gdz 0 (S₁ = α₂ P₂) + - En - 2 εn + Envn - 2 EH En Vv Sh = anPp + Ev 1 - Vn En Vv SH = αnPp + Ev 1 - vn (Sv - α v P₂) + En 1 - v/ 2 EH + Envn 2 1 - vn En RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 18#18Stress Logs Calculation DIFFERENTIAL HORIZONTAL STRESS RATIO DHSR ≈ SH - Sh SH x 100 Simple fracture ↑ DHSR Complex fracture with fissure opening Complex fracture Warpinski et al. (2008) ↓ DHSR Complex fracture network RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 19#19Stress Logs Calculation Descent Calibration Stress Increases Upwards Strike-Slip Stress Regime • Normal in LVM • Inverse in UVM DHSR Increases Upwards קי P LVM MVM Td. LVM Td. LVM MVM UVM Formations ΜΙΛΙ WELL A SiaV 8000 PSI 11000 Sigh 8000 PSI 11000 SIGH 8000 8000 PST 11000 PPRS Dsi 11000 DHSR Stra UVM Formations WELL G Siav 8000 PSI 11000 8000 Sigh PSI 11000 SiaH 8000 PSI 11000 PPRS 8000 PSI 110000 DHSR Stress % UVM Formations WELL I Siav 8000 PSI 11000 8000 Sigh PSI 11000 SiaH 8000 PSL 13000 8000 PPRS PSI 11000 DHSB Stress#20WIDE-AZIMUTH SEISMIC DATA RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 21#21Introduction Fast and Slow Velocities (Vfast and Vslow) • Vfast Azimuth √ fast Parallel to Fractures and Sч Vfast Vslow SH Vfast Vfast Azimuth = Fracture Azimuth = Strike Horizontal Maximum Direction Stress Curia et al. (2018c) RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Sh 22 22#22Horizons & Structures UVM MVM Parrilla Cocina Tordillo Well G GR gapi 250 SW Quintuco Quintuc Middle Quintuco Middle Quintuco UVM MVM Well A UVM MVM Parilla Tordillo Well G Wall A Well! Well RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas NE 23#23Horizons & Structures Well G RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas GR gapi 250 Cocina Minimum Curvature Middle MVM Minimum Curvature UVM Minimum Curvature UVM MVM Parrilla Cocina Tordillo Well G Well I Well A Well G Well I Min. Curv. -0.07 0.05 0.02 Well A 0.00 -0.03 -0.05 1 3 5km -0.08 -0.10 Min. Curv. Well G Well t Min. Curv. 0.07 0.07 -0.05 0.05 0.02 Well A 0.02 0.00 0.00 -0.03 -0.03 -0.05 -0.05 3 5km -0.081 0 4 5km -0.08 -0.10 -0.10 24 224#24Anisotropy & Azimuth RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Well G GR gapi UVM MVM Parrilla Cocina Tordillo 250 Quintuco Middle Quintuco M Well G Well A 0 05 1 1.5 2 2.5km Anisotropy 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 -0.30 025 0.20 0.15 010 0.00 SEXY 0.00 25 25#25Anisotropy & Azimuth RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Well G GR gapi UVM MVM 250 Quintuco Middle Quintuco Parrilla Cocina UVM MVIN Parzilla Tordillo Tordillo Well A Well G Anisotropy 0.50 0.45 -0.40 0.35 Well -0.30 Well G 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 5000 0.00 Well A 0 0.5 1.5 2 2.5km 26#26Anisotropy & Azimuth Well G GR 250 gapi UVM MVM Parrilla Cocina Tordillo Quintuco Middle Quintuco UVM MVM 0 Vfast Az. RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 160.00 140.00 120.00 G 100.00 Well A Wen G 80.00 60.00 40.00 20.00 0.00 27 27#27Anisotropy & Azimuth RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Well G GR gapi UVM MVM Parrilla Cocina Tordillo 250 S Quintuco Middle Quintuco UVM MVM Forailfo Well G Well A Vfast Az. 160.00 140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 10 60.00 40.00 20.00 M 0.00 28#28Anisotropy & Azimuth UVM MVM Well G GR gapi 250 Percentage of points (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Interval HTI Anisotropy Magnitudes 0 Parrilla 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 Cocina 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 Intervals of HTI Anisotropy Magnitudes 40-45 45-50 50-55 Tordillo RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas | Cocina I Lower MVM I Middle MVM Upper MVM UVM Lower Q. I Middle Q. Quintuco 29 29#29Anisotropy & Azimuth Well G Well G GR GR 0 gapi 250 0 gapi 250 UVM UVM MVM MVM Upper Vaca Muerta: 40 m Upper MVM: 40 m Middle MVM: 40 m Lower MVM: 40 m Parrilla Parrilla Cocina Cocina Tordillo Tordillo Cocina: 15 m RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 30#30Anisotropy & Azimuth Well A Cocina G Well Anisotropy 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 2 3 4 5km 0.15 Lower MVM Well Well Well Anisotropy 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 2 3 4 5km -0.15 Well A Middle MVM Well RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Anisotropy 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.201 2 4 5km -0.15 31#31Anisotropy & Azimuth Upper MVM Upper Vaca Muerta Well G Well I Well A Anisotropy 0.50 0.45 WellG Well 0.40 ell A 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0 2 5km -0.15 Anisotropy 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 2 3 4 5km -0.15 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 32#32285 270 255 300° 240 3159 225 330 Cocina 0° 3450 15° 30 1396 896 4911 2100 150 195 165 180° 285 270 255° 300° 240 315° 22.80 45° 135° 60° 300 700 285° 270 105 255° 120 240 Upper MVM 3159 2250 0° 345 15° 330° 30° 210 10%6 6% 39 150 195 1650 180° Lower MVM 0° 3459 159 330 1196 30° 796 301 210° 150° 195° 1650 180° 459 135 60 120 75 285 270 1059 255° 300° 240 315° 2250 459 135 60° 120 750 285 270 105 255° 300° 240 315 2250 Upper Vaca Muerta 0° 345 15° 330 30° 10% Middle MVM 0° 345 15° 330 7% 4% 210° 150 195° 1650 180° 135 210 150° 195 1650 180° 60° 120 750 105 459 135 60° 120 750 105 CPO it of new ideas 33#33285 270 255 300° 240 3159 225 330 Cocina 0° 3450 15° 30 210 195 1396 896 4911 150 165 180° Microseismic - Well G 45° 135° 60° 300 700 285° 270 105 255° 120 240 350 340 5 10 20 330 30 320 4 40 310 50 3 300 60 000 3159 2250 Lower MVM 0° 3459 159 330 1196 30° 210° 195° 796 301 150° 1650 180° Microseismic - Well I 0 350 10 100 340 330 90 320 80 70 310 60 300 50 40 30 20 སྒྲ སྟྲི ཙི ཙཽ བྷི སྐྱ 2 70 290 80 280 90 270 100 260 110 250 120 240 230 130 220 140 210 150 200 160 190 170 180 20 20 459 135 30 40 50 230 130 220 140 210 150 200 160 190 170 180 60° 120 60 750 285 270 105 255° 70 120 80 90 90 100 110 300° 240 315 2250 Middle MVM 0° 345 15° 330 7% 4% 210° 150 195 1650 180° 100 Km 459 135 60° 120 750 105 CPO it of new ideas 34 Guzman et al. (2007)#34Anisotropy & Azimuth Fracture Intensity Bishop (2015) AM Middle MVM window UVM MVM Parrilla Cocina Tordillo 265 300 249 3159 330 FMI - Well G 345 N 159 3019 210 1500 1050 1800 1650 Bishop (2015) /120 90%E 105 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 35#35Anisotropy & Azimuth Fracture Intensity Bishop (2015) AM Middle MVM UVM window MVM Parrilla Cocina Tordillo 265 300 249 3159 FMI - Well G N 345 159 330 3019 210 1500 1050 1800 1650 Bishop (2015) /120 285° 90%E 270% 105 255° 300° 240° 315° 225° Middle MVM - Well G 0° 345° 15° 330° 30° 9% 4% 210° 150° 195° 165° 180° 45° 135° RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 60° 120° 75° 90° 105° 36#36Anisotropy & Azimuth Fracture Intensity Bishop (2015) Middle MVM window UVM Middle MVM - Well G Л MVM Parrilla Cocina Tordillo Well G 285 3700 300 Ant-Trackin 1.25 1.00 0,75 249 0.50 0.25 0.00 -0.25 -0.50 -0.75 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1km -1.00 315 225 FMI-Well G N 345 159 45% 25% 15% 600 300° 210 1500 1050 1654 1800 Bishop (2015) 135 75 OVE 1105 285 270 255 120 240° 315° 225° RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Middle MVM - Well G 0° 345° 15° 330° 30° 9% 4% 210° 150° 195° 165° 180° 45° 135° 60° 120° 37 75° 105°#37Anisotropy & Azimuth Well G Middle MVM - Well G UVM Well G Ant-Trackin -1.25 MVM Middle MVM Fracture Intensity Bishop (2015) RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 -0.25 Parilla Cocina -0.50 -0.75 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1km -1.00 Tordillo 38#38Well G Well A Cocina Lower MVM Middle MVM Well Ant-Trackin Well G Well! 25 1.00 0.75 0.50 Well A 0.25 0.00 -0.25 -0.50 -0.75 3 4 5km -1.00 Upper MVM Well G Well! Well A Ant-Trackin 1.25 Well G Well I 1.00 0.70 0.50 Well A 0.25 0.00 -0.25 -0.50 -0.75 5km -1.00 Upper Vaca Muerta Ant-Trackin Well G Well 1.25 1.00 0.70 0.50 Well A 0.25 0.00 -0.26 -0.00 -0.75 3 4 5km -1.00 Ant-Trackin 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 -0.25 -0.50 5km -0.75 -1.00 CPO pursuit of new ideas Ant-Tracking 1.25 1,00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 -0.25 -0.00 39 -0.75 3 4 5km -1.00#39LANDING ZONES RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 40 40#40Landing Zones • Previous Thesis • Previous Practices • MVM and UVM Based on Brittleness High Young's Modulus UVM MVM LVM South North Well I Sumin RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Ductile - Sweet Difficult to produce Ductile - Less Sweet Difficult to produce Ductile - Difficult to produce Brittle - Less Productive Brittle-Moderately Productive Brittle-Productive Prospective zone between the Lower and Middle Vaca Muerta with 22-25 meters of thickness OH Brittle-Productive Convers (2017) 41#41Landing Zones Bai (2016) Stiffness (deformation) Brittleness (failure type) Fracability (breakdown) Stress A Stress C Lower Strength Lower Modulus Strain Brittle Bai (2016) B Ductile C' Strain Stress B' Higher Strength Higher Modulus Strain 42 42 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas#42Landing Zones • Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Fracture Toughness (FT) Carbonates (high UCS and FT) • Fracture Barriers Sosa Massaro et al. (2018) Vaca Muerta Formation E RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 43 Sosa Massaro et al. (2018)#43Landing Zones Results and Observations • Lower Vaca Muerta Current Practices Production (75%) Cumulative HC production [kboe] 100 1000 10 360 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas approx 1.75* type curve approx 1.15' type curve type curve 2a-2b.... approx = 0.71* type curve Type curve 2a-2b Lower Vaca Muerta Lower Middle Vaca Muerta Middle Vaca Muerta Upper Vaca Muerta --1_rate -2_rate -3-4_rate -5-6_rate 720 Effective time [d] Johanis (2018) approx = 0.55* type curve 1080 1440 1800 44#44NEW WELL DRILLING AREAS 45 55 RCP O In pursuit of new ideas#45G ΔΙΑΘ Cocina Lower MVM 2 2 New 4 W 3 3 Anisotropy Anisotropy 0.50 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.40 0.40 0.35 0.35 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.20 0.20 0 1 2 3 5km 2 3 5km 0.15 0.15#46CONCLUSIONS RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 47 47#47Conclusions • Well Based Models • Stiffness and stress increases upwards. • Mainly strike-slip regimes, some normal and inverse regimes Differential horizontal stress ratio (DHSR) increases upwards RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 48 48#48Conclusions • Wide-Azimuth Seismic Data • • • • Anisotropy magnitudes decrease upwards Maximum horizontal stress around 110° Two sets of fractures: 50° and 150° Ant-tracking: Lower sections more fractured RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 49 49#49Conclusions • Landing Zones Based on differential horizontal stress ratio (DHSR) and fracability Based on current practices and production data • Lower Vaca Muerta • • New Wells Future horizontal wells oriented between 15° and 30° Landed within Cocina or Lower Middle Vaca Muerta sections In areas with possible natural fractures or low anisotropy values RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 50#50VACA MUERTA SEISMIC INVERSION Patrick Corwin RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 51#5136 34 Survey Introduction Pacific Ocean 72° SANTIAGO MENDOZA Pacific Ocean South America MAP MALARGUE Atlantic Ocean 68" CHOS MALAL ZAPALA SIERRA PINTADA SYSTEM Study Area NEUQUEN Neuquén Embayment 1 A G 10 km International bord Chile-Argenti VOLCANIC ARC Andean sector 38° TEMUCO 50 100 150 km BARILOCHE NORTH PATAGONIAN MASSIF RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas LEGEND Block outline/RCP 3D survey Wells Offset VSP & Microseismic Microseismic & Production North New 3C-3D seismic outline 42 52#52Acquisition Challenges RCP O In pursuit of new ideas • Due to muddy conditions, acquisition slowed and receivers died PeroDead 600 receivers (120 m spacing, 600 m between RLINES), static layout 6474 sources (60 m spacing, 300 m between SLINES) 100 • Ended up with unusual geometry with all long offsets in the North. 53#53Legend: Legacy seismic (limited azimuth) (2004) Legacy angle-stacks Wide-azimuth 3D seismic (2017) Multi-component 3D (2017) DELIVERED DATA C H B RCP In pursuit of new ideas North 20 km 54#54W Stacked PP Legacy Data X (m) Y (m) Well 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 0 90 210 330 450 570 690 810 930 1080 1230 1380 1530 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2430 2580 2730 2880 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 3930 4080 4230 4380 4530 4680 4830 4980 5130 5280 5430 5580 2040 20-40 2040 20-40 2040 2040 20-40 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 20-40 2040 2040 ..Well G. E RCP In pursuit of new ideas 2.88 2.76 2.63 2.51 2.39 2.27 2.14 2.02 1.90 1.78 1.65 1.53 1.41 1.29 1.16 Quintuco 1.04 0.92 0.80 0.67 0.55 0.43 0.31 0.18 0.06 -0.06 -0.18 -0.31 -0.43 -0.55 -0.67 -0.80 -0.92 -1.04 -1.16 -1.29 -1.41 -1.53 -1.65 Tordillo -1.78 -1.90 -2.02 -2.14 -2.27 -2.39 -2.51 -2.63 -2.76 -2.88 -3.00 55#55W X (m) Y (m) Well 1500 m Stacked PP Wide Azimuth Data 0 90 210 330 450 570 690 810 930 1080 1230 1380 1530 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2430 2580 2730 2880 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 3930 4080 4230 4380 4530 4680 4830 4980 5130 5280 5430 5580 2040 2040 2040 2040 20-40 2040 2040 20-40 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 20-40 2040 ***Well G RCP In pursuit of new ideas E uns 3.00 2.88 2.76 2.63 2.51 2.39 2.27 2.14 2.02 1.90 1.78 1.65 1.53 1.41 Quintuco 1.29 1.16 1.04 0.92 0.80 0.67 0.55 0.43 0.31 0.18 0.06 -0.06 -0.18 -0.31 -0.43 -0.55 -0.67 -0.80 -0.92 -1.04 -1.16 -1.29 -1.41 -1.53 Tordillo -1.65 -1.78 -1.90 -2.02 -2.14 -2.27 -2.39 -2.51 -2.63 -2.76 -2.88 -3.00 food 3 56#56Stacked PP Multicomponent (MC) Data X (m) Y (m) Well 0 90 210 330 450 570 690 810 930 1080 1230 1380 1530 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2430 2580 2730 2880 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 3930 4080 4230 4380 4530 4680 4830 4980 5130 5280 5430 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 ....... Well G..........…………………………………............................................…………………………………………………........ 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 RCP In pursuit of new ideas E 1.00 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.71 0.67 0.63 0.59 0.55 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.39 Quintuco 0.35 0.31 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.02 -0.02 -0.06 -0.10 -0.14 -0.18 -0.22 -0.27 -0.31 -0.35 -0.39 -0.43 -0.47 -0.51 -0.55 Tordillo -0.59 -0.63 -0.67 -0.71 -0.76 -0.80 -0.84 -0.88 -0.92 -0.96 -1.00 57#57Stacked PS Multicomponent (MC) Data W x (m) Y (m) Well 0 90 210 330 450 570 690 810 930 1080 1230 1380 1530 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2430 2580 2730 2880 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 3930 4080 4230 4380 4530 4680 4830 4980 5130 5280 5430 5580 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 ..... 2040 2040 2040 2040 Well G 2040 3950 4000 4050 - 4100 4150 -- 4200 4250 -- 4300 4350-- 4400 4450 4500 4550--- 4600 4650 4700 4750 -- 4800 4850-- 4900 4950 5000 RCP In pursuit of new ideas E 1.00 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.71 0.67 0.63 0.59 0.55 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.27 0.22 Quintuco 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.02 -0.02 -0.06 -0.10 -0.14 -0.18 -0.22 -0.27 -0.31 -0.35 -0.39 -0.43 -0.47 -0.51 -0.55 -0.59 -0.63 -0.67 -0.71 Tordillo -0.76 -0.80 -0.84 -0.88 -0.92 -0.96 -1.00 58#58Original PP MC Gathers X (m) Offset (m) Azimuth Well 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 RCP In pursuit of new ideas 2340 2 1.00 180 1259 2459 3659 4859 210 1319 2519 3719 4919 240 1379 2579 3779 4979 270 1439 2639 3839 5039 300 1499 2699 3899 5099 32 52 72 92 Wall G ... ............... ........... 359 1559 2759 3959 5159 419 1619 2819 4019 5219 479 1679 2879 4079 5279 539 1739 2939 4139 5339 112 132 152 J I 0.96 172 0.92 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………-------………………………………………………………….1....1. 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.71 13/01/20 0.67 0.63 0.59 0.55 0.51 0.47 Q 0.43 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.02 -0.02 -0.06 -0.10 -0.14 -0.18 -0.22 -0.27 -0.31 -0.35 -0.39 -0.43 -0.47 -0.51 -0.55 -0.59 -0.63 -0.67 -0.71 -0.76 -0.80 -0.84 T -0.88 -0.92 -0.96 -1.00 ...59#59Original PS MC Gathers X (m) Y (m) 2340 2040 Offset (m) Azimuth 180 12 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 32 1259 2459 3659 4859 210 1319 2519 3719 4919 240 1379 2579 3779 4979 270 1439 2639 3839 5039 300 1499 2699 3899 5099 359 1559 2759 3959 5159 419 1619 2819 4019 5219 479 1679 2879 4079 5279 539 1739 2939 4139 5339 52 72 112 132 152 92 172 O RCP In pursuit of new ideas C+ 1.00 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.71 0.67 0.63 0.59 0.55 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.02 -0.02 -0.06 -0.10 -0.14 -0.18 -0.22 -0.27 -0.31 -0.35 -0.39 -0.43 -0.47 -0.51 -0.55 -0.59 -0.63 -0.67 -0.71 -0.76 T -0.80 -0.84 -0.88 -0.92 -0.96 -1.00 60#60W PP MC RMS Migration Velocity Model X (m) Y (m) 2040 2040 0 90 210 330 450 570 690 810 930 1080 1230 1380 1530 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2430 2580 2730 2880 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 3930 4080 4230 4380 4530 4680 4830 4980 5130 5280 5430 5580 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 Well 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 PP Time (ms)< RCP In pursuit of new ideas 4000 3979 3958 3938 3917 3896 3875 3854 3833 3813 3792 3771 3750 3729 3708 Quintuco 3688 3667 3646 3625 3604 3583 3563 3542 3521 3500 3479 3458 3438 3417 3396 3375 3354 3333 3313 3292 3271 3250 3229 Tordillo 3208 3188 3167 3146 3125 3104 3083 3063 3042 3021 3000 61#61W PS MC RMS Migration Velocity Model x (m) Y (m) 2040 0 90 210 330 450 570 690 810 930 1080 1230 1380 1530 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2430 2580 2730 2880 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 3930 4080 4230 4380 4530 4680 4830 4980 5130 5280 5430 5580 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 Well 3950 4000 4050 4100 4150 4200 4250 4300 4350 4400 4450 4500 4550 4600 4650 4700 4750 4800 4850-- 4900 4950 5000 PS Time (ms) < RCP In pursuit of new ideas E 3200 3175 3150 3125 3100 3075 3050 3025 3000 2975 2950 2925 2900 2875 2850 2825 2800 2775 2750 Quintuco 2725 2700 2675 2650 2625 2600 2575 2550 2525 2500 2475 2450 2425 2400 2375 2350 2325 2300 2275 2250 2225 2200 Tordillo 2175 2150 2125 2100 2075 2050 2025 2000 62 42#62x (m) 2340 1x (m) 23:40 x (m) 2340 Offset (m) 150 1259 2459 3659 4559 Azimuth Offset (m) Azimuth 180 559 1259 1859 2459 3059 3659 4259 4859 5459 Y (m) 1920 Angle 10 19 28 37 46 Well well ' 2900 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3000 3100 2900 3000 3100 3200 3200 3300 3400 3300 3400 3500 RCPO In pursuit of new ideas IMPROVING AND CONDITIONING DELIVERED DATA 63#63Conditioned MC PP Gathers RCPO In pursuit of new ideas X (m) 2340 2340 2340 2340 1.00 Offset (m) Azimuth Well 180 659 1259 1859 2459 3059 3659 4259 4859 5459 12 180 659 1259 1859 2459 3059 3659 4259 4859 5459 12 180 659 1259 1859 2459 3059 3659 4259 4859 5459 12 180 659 1259 1859 2459 3059 3659 4259 4859 5459 12 0.96 0.92 0.88 2900 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.71 0.67 0.63 Quintuco_PP 0.59 0.55 Quintuco 3000 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.27 0.22 3100 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.02 -0.02 -0.06 -0.10 3200 -0.14 -0.18 -0.22 -0.27 -0.31 -0.35 -0.39 -0.43 3300 -0.47 -0.51 -0.55 -0.59 -0.63 -0.67 -0.71 -0.76 Tordillo PP 3400 -0.80 Tordillo -0.84 -0.88 -0.92 -0.96 -1.00 64#64Conditioned MC PS Gathers RCP In pursuit of new ideas X (m) Y (m) Offset (m) Azimuth 2340 2040 2340 2100 2340 2340 2160 2220 1.00 180 659 1259 1859 2459 3059 3659 4259 4859 5459 180 659 1259 1859 2459 3059 3659 4259 4859 5459 180 659 1259 1859 2459 3059 3659 4259 4859 5459 180 659 1259 1859 2459 3059 3659 4259 4859 5459 0.96 0.92 0.88 4100 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.71 0.67 4200 0.63 0.59 Quintuco 0.55 -Quintuco PS 0.51 0.47 0.43 4300 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.27 0.22 0.18 4400 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.02 -0.02 4500 -0.06 -0.10 -0.14 -0.18 -0.22 -0.27 4600 -0.31 -0.35 -0.39 -0.43 -0.47 -0.51 4700 -0.55 -0.59 -0.63 -0.67 -0.71 Tordillo PS 4800 -0.76 -0.80 Tordillo 4900 -0.84 -0.88 -0.92 -0.96 -1.00 (Std) 65#65Conditioned MC PP Angle Gathers X (m) Y (m) Angle 2340 1920 10 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 ver RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 2340 2340 2340 1980 20-40 2100 1.00 19 28 37 46 10 19 28 37 46 10 19 28 37 46 10 19 28 37 46 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.71 0.67 0.63 0.59 0.55 Q 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.02 -0.02 -0.06 -0.10 -0.14 -0.18 -0.22 -0.27 -0.31 -0.35 -0.39 -0.43 -0.47 -0.51 -0.55 -0.59 -0.63 -0.67 Tordillo_PP -0.71 -0.76 -0.80 T -0.84 -0.88 -0.92 -0.96 -1.00 (Std 1 99 66#66Conditioned MC PS Angle Gathers RCP In pursuit of new ideas x (m) Y (m) Angle 2340 2040 2340 2100 2340 2160 2340 2220 12 25 38 51 64 12 25 38 51 64 12 25 38 51 64 12 25 38 51 64 1.00 0.96 Azimuth Q 0 0 0 0.92 4100 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.71 0.67 4200 0.63 0.59 0.55 0.51 0.47 0.43 4300 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.27 0.22 4400 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.02 -0.02 4500 -0.06 -0.10 -0.14 -0.18 -0.22 -0.27 4600 -0.31 -0.35 -0.39 -0.43 -0.47 4700 -0.51 -0.55 -0.59 -0.63 -0.67 -0.71 4800 -0.76 T -0.80 -0.84 -0.88 -0.92 -0.96 4900 -1.00 Std\ 67#673400 3300 3300 090 210 330 400 570 600 10 90 1080 12:30 1530 1580 18:30 1950 2130 2200 2430 2530 1730 2880 3030 3330 1330 340 3830 3780 3930 4080 4230 4380 4530 480 4830 4950 5130 5280 5450 2040 2040 D = G*m POST STACK INVERSION 10 記 1000 ROME נאה 1990 HR S S RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 68 88#68Low Frequency Model Building P-wave_m33_OLD *S-wave_m33_edi 1000 m/s 6000 500 m/s 3000 1.5 Density_m33_edited g/cc + RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas M ◇ Well I O Well G 34844 14098 2001 34375 34210 5058 111800 13930 19331 1325 €2950 2013 12595 12500 12344 12:58 12031 11975 11710 12-06 13594 17975 30625 13383 10855 10000 9075 5207 2283 2005 9250 5435 9-25 29:3 69 7500#69W MC Post Stack PP Inversion P-Impedance Result X (m) Y (m) 20-40 Well 0 90 210 330 450 570 690 810 930 1080 1230 1380 1530 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2430 2580 2730 2880 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 3930 4080 4230 4380 4530 4680 4830 4980 5130 5280 5430 5580 5730 5880 6030 6180 6330 20-40 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 E RCP In pursuit of new ideas 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 ... PP Time (ms) < 15000 2040 14844 14688 14531 14375 14219 14063 13906 13750 13594 13438 13281 13125 12969 12813 Quintuco 12656 12500 12344 12188 12031 11875 11719 11563 11406 11250 11094 10938 10781 10625 10469 10313 10156 10000 9844 9688 9531 9375 Tordillo 9219 9063 8906 8750 8594 8438 8281 8125 7969 7813 7656 7500 70 70#70MC Post Stack Inversion P-impedance P-Impedance 6500 (m/s)*( 145 P-Impedance (Seismic) vs P-Impedance MD (m) from KB 1400 m 10500 11500 12500 13500 14500 7500 P-Impedance (Seismic) ((m/s)*(g/cc)) 8500 9500 हुए W B $500 7500 ㅁ 口 ㅁㅁ Π D 000 A B CO P E 45 8500 9500 10500 11500 12500 13500 P-Impedance ((m/s)*(g/cc)) Cross Correlation: 0.934 Color Key MD from KB Deep 1500 m 14500 Shallo W Minimal Inversion Misfit 20-40 2:00 2:460 2220 2200 2340 2400 2450 2520 2580 2640 20:43 2040 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 20-40 1.00 0.96 20-0 2100 2160 2200 2280 23-0 2400 2460 2550 2550 26-10 2040 2040 1.00 0.96 0.92 092 0.86 0.58 0.04 0.84 D.BO 0.80 0.76 0.76 0.71 71 0.67 0.67 0.63 0.63 0.50 0.55 Lintuco PP 1.51 0.50 055 051 0.47 3000 0.43 0.30 047 0.45 059 0.25 0.35 0.34 031 0.27 027 0.22 3100 0.22 0.18 018 0.14 014 D.10 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.02 -0.02 3200 -0.06 0.02 0.02 -0.05 -0.10 -0.10 -0.14 -0.14 0.0 -5.15 -0.22 -0.22 0.27 -0.27 0.31 -0.31 0.35 +0.35 +0.39 -0.39 -0.43 0.43 0.51 0.51 -0.55 +0.55 -0.59 -0.39 4.53 0.67 -0.67 0.71 -0.76 0.20 3500 0.84 -0.71 -0.76 -0.80 -4.84 -0.00 -0.92 0.96 -1.00 -0.88 -0.92 -0.96 -1.00 benn (5) PP Time One) C (Std.) 71#71D = G*m PRESTACK INVERSION 10 記 1000 ROME נאה 1990 HR S RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas#72W Legacy PP Inversion P-Impedance Result X (m) Y (m) 0 90 210 330 450 570 690 810 930 1080 1230 1380 1530 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2430 2580 2730 2880 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 3930 4080 4230 4380 4530 4680 4830 4980 5130 5280 5430 5580 5730 5880 6030 6180 6330 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 E RCP In pursuit of new ideas Well 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 PP Time (ms)< Well I 15000 2040 14844 14688 14531 14375 14219 14063 13906 13750 13594 13438 13281 13125 12969 Quintuco 12813 12656 12500 12344 12188 12031 11875 11719 11563 11406 11250 11094 10938 10781 10625 10469 10313 10156 10000 9844 Tordillo 9688 9531 9375 9219 Tordillo 9063 8906 8750 8594 8438 8281 8125 7969 7813 7656 7500 73#731400 m MD (m) from KB Prestack Legacy Inversion P-impedance P-impedance 6500 (m/s)*( 14500 P-Impedance (Seismic) vs P-Impedance 10500 11500 12500 13500 14500 P-Impedance (Seismic) ((m/s)*(g/cc)) 0058 9500 5500 7500 B BO ☐ 000 D 5500 7500 8500 9500 口 B 。 CD 000 500 □ O ם 0 口 品 B D L ㅁ ㅁ DO 0 BD ☐ 0 Color Key MD from KB Deep Minimal Inversion Misfit RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 品 D 14 23 32 1+ 23 R 0 00 99 Well! 270 Well Well 2.76 ד i 2000 2000 2.51 血 2:39 ㅁ B 00 B 白口 214 2.63 2.50 2.39 2.27 2.14 e. 200 2900 1.90 2903 E 1.78 2,02 1.90 1.78 3 1.65 1.53 1.41 8 b 3.53 1.41 00 000 ☐ 1500 m 1.29 1.29 Qu 2000 116 Quintuco 5 3000 1.361 1.04 3.04 0.92 3100 3200 050 0.67 0.55 0.43 3100 031 10.06 0.06 0.18 0.31 0.00 0.67 0.55 0.43 0.31 10500 11500 12500 13500 P-Impedance ((m/s)*(g/cc)) Cross Correlation: 0.928 14500 Shallo W 3500 3400 3500 0.30 0.06 -0.06 -0.18 -0.31 0.45 -0.43 -0.35 -0.55 -0.07 -0.07 -0.80 -0.80 0.92 -0.92 -1.04 5300 -1.04 -1.16 -1.16 1.20 -1.20 1.41 -1.41 1.53 -1.53 +1.65 -1.65 1.78 Old Tora -1.78 0400 1.90 CH_Tordila S -1.00 -2.02 -2.02 2.14 -2.14 2.27 +2.27 2.39 -2.39 2.51 3500 -2.51 -2.03 -2.05 2.76 -2.38 2.88 -2.88 -3.00 3.00 (Std.) pp Time (me) C (SRE) 74#74WMC MC Prestack PP Inversion P-Impedance Result X (m) 0 60 150 Y (m) Well 2040 2040 2040 270 390 510 630 750 870 990 1110 1230 1380 1500 1620 2040 2040 2040 1770 1890 2010 2040 2160 2280 2400 2550 2670 2790 2040 2040 2040 Well I 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 PP Time (ms) < RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas E 2940 3060 3180 2040 3330 3450 3570 3720 3840 3960 4110 4230 4350 4500 4620 4740 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 4890 5010 5130 2040 5280 5400 5520 5670 2040 15000 14844 14688 14531 14375 14219 14063 13906 13750 13594 13438 13281 13125 12969 Q 12813 12656 12500 12344 12188 12031 11875 11719 11563 11406 11250 11094 10938 10781 10625 10469 10313 10156 10000 9844 9688 9531 9375 T 9219 9063 8906 8750 8594 8438 8281 8125 7969 7813 7656 7500 75#75MC Prestack Joint Inversion P-Impedance Result W X (m) Y (m) Well 0 60 150 270 390 510 630 750 870 990 1110 1230 1350 1470 1590 1710 1830 1950 2070 2190 2310 2430 2550 2670 2790 2910 3030 3150 3270 3390 3510 3630 3750 3870 3990 4110 4230 4350 4470 4590 4710 4830 4950 5070 5190 5310 5430 5550 5670 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 Well I 2040 E RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 wwwww ... PP Time (ms)< 2040 15000 14844 14688 14531 14375 14219 14063 13906 13750 13594 13438 13281 13125 12969 12813 12656 Quintuco 12500 12344 12188 12031 11875 11719 11563 11406 11250 11094 10938 10781 10625 10469 10313 10156 10000 9844 9688 9531 9375 9219 Tordillo 9063 8906 8750 8594 8438 8281 8125 7969 7813 7656 7500 76#761400 m MC Prestack PP Inversion P-impedance MD (m) from P-Impedance 6500 (m/s) 14500 P-Impedance (Seismic) vs P-Impedance KB T וווווווווווווווווווו P-Impedance (Seismic) ((m/s)*(a/cc)) 9500 10500 11500 12500 13500 14500 7500 8500 D 日日 DO-D 7000 ☐☐☐ B 5500 7500 8500 9500 10500 11500 12500 13500 14500 P-Impedance ((m/s)*(g/cc)) Cross Correlation: 0.938 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Color Key MD from KB Deep Much Higher Inversion Misfit Shallow 1500 m 2340 20-40 x (m) 23:40 1.00 30 28 0.56 YO Angle 2040 1.00 10 19 20 0.56 0.92 0.93 0.88 0.88 0.84 0.84 0.80 0.80 0.36 0.75 2900 0.71 2900 0.71 0.67 0.67 0.63 0.63 0.50 0.50 0.55 0.55 Quintuco FF 0.51 Quintuco P 0.51 0.47 0.47 3000 3000 0.43 0.43 0.39 0.39 0.35 0,35 0.31 0.31 0.27 0.27 0.22 0.22 3100 3100 0.18 0.18 0.14 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.02 -0.07 -0.06 3200 -0.06 0.10 0.10 -0.14 -0.14 0.18 0.18 -0.22 0.72 -0.27 0.27 3300 0.31 3300 +0.33 -0.35 -+0.35 -0.39 40.39 0.43 0.43 -0.47 -0.47 -0.51 +0.53 Tordlo -0.55 Tordio 0.55 3400 3400 -0.59 -0.59 -0.63 -0.63 0.67 -0.71 -0.76 -0.00 3500 0.84 3500 -0.88 -0.92 0.96 -1.00 0.67 -0.71 10.75 -0.00 0.84 0.88 +0.92 +0.95 -1.00 e (ms)< Std.) FP Time (ms) (Std.) 77#77W X (m) Y (m) Well Legacy PP Inversion S-Impedance Result 0 90 210 330 450 570 690 810 930 1080 1230 1380 1530 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2430 2580 2730 2880 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 3930 4080 4230 4380 4530 4680 4830 4980 5130 5280 5430 5580 5730 5880 6030 6180 6330 2040 2040 2040 2040 20-40 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 I 2900 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 Well I 2040 E 8500 2040 8406 8313 8219 8125 8031 7938 7844 7750 7656 7563 7469 RCP In pursuit of new ideas 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 FFE VID Quintuco 7188 7094 7000 6906 6813 6719 6625 6531 6438 6344 6250 6156 6063 5969 5875 5781 5688 5594 5500 5406 5313 5219 5125 12 Tordillo 5031 4938 4844 4750 4656 4563 4469 4375 4281 4188 4094 4000 78#78W MC Prestack PP Inversion S-Impedance Result E RCPO In pursuit of new ideas X (m) Y (m) Well 2040 2040 0 60 150 270 390 510 630 750 870 990 1110 1230 2040 1380 1500 1620 2040 2040 2040 1770 1890 2010 2040 2160 2280 2400 2550 2670 2790 2040 2040 2040 2940 3060 3180 3330 3450 3570 2040 2040 2040 3720 3840 3960 4110 4230 4350 4500 4620 4740 2040 2040 2040 2040 4890 5010 5130 2040 5280 5400 5520 2040 8500 8406 Well I 8313 8219 8125 8031 7938 7844 2900 7750 7656 7563 7469 7375 7281 3000 7188 Quintuco 7094 7000 6906 6813 6719 3100 6625 6531 6438 6344 6250 6156 3200 6063 5969 5875 5781 5688 5594 3300 5500 5406 5313 5219 ............. 5125 3400 5031 Tordillo 4938 4844 4750 4656 4563 3500 4469 4375 4281 4188 4094 4000 PP Time (ms) < 79#791400 m MC Prestack Inversion S-impedance MD (m) from KB S-Impedance 3500 (m/s) (a/c 8500 Well I: S-Impedance 0059 3500 4500 S-Impedance (Seismic) ((m/s)*(g/cc)) 5500 7500 8500 S-Impedance (Seismic) vs S-Impedance 3500 4500 5500 pa S-Impedance ((m/s)*(g/cc)) 口口 ㅁ THE 6500 7500 回 田 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Color Key MD from KB Deep Cross Correlation: 8500 Shallo W 1500 m 0.961 80#80T D = G*m O 123 1500 HR S JOINT PP-PS PRESTACK INVERSION RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas#81Joint Inversion PS/PP Contribution Ratio RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Too close to PP only inversion result Reasonable compromise Too much laterally variant noise • Equal to B/A in below equation • Very important to consider this parameter. It's too often left set to default value of 1. PS/PP Ratio Result 0.6 0.8 1.0 Controls influence of PS data vs PP. In data with high quality PS data, higher values would be desirable -1 T -1 T Am =A[GppGpp + Cppm]Gpp dpp + B [GpsGps + Cpm] Gps dps PP 'PSm 82 32#82MC Prestack Joint Inversion S-Impedance Result RCP In pursuit of new ideas W E X (m) Y (m) Well 2040 0 90 180 300 420 540 660 780 900 1020 2040 2040 2040 1170 1320 2040 1470 1620 2040 1770 1920 2070 2040 2040 2220 2370 2520 2640 2790 2040 2040 Well I 2940 3090 3240 3390 3540 3690 2040 2040 2040 3840 3960 4110 4260 4410 4560 2040 2040 2040 4710 4860 2040 5010 5160 5280 5430 5580 2040 2040 8500 2040 8406 8313 8219 8125 8031 79.38 7844 2900 7750 7656 7563 7469 7375 7281 3000 7188 Quintuco 7094 7000 6906 6813 6719 3100 6625 6531 6438 6344 6250 6156 3200 6063 5969 5875 5781 5688 5594 3300 5500 5406 5313 5219 ...................... 5125 3400 5031 4938 Tordillo 4844 4750 4656 4563 3500 4469 4375 4281 4188 4094 ........................ ...... 4000 PP Time (ms) < 83#83MC Prestack Joint Inversion S-impedance 1400 m لسليس MD (m) from 5-impedance 3500 (m/s) (g/c 8500 KB וווווווווווון S-Impedance (Seismic) ((m/s)*(g/cc)) 4500 5500 6500 7500 00 S-Impedance (Seismic) vs S-Impedance 3500 4500 5500 B B D S-Impedance ((m/s)*(g/cc)) O 00 □00 6500 7500 口 110 回 10 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Color Key MD from KB Deep Cross Correlation: 8500 Shallo W 1500 m 0.953 84#84W MC Prestack PP Inversion Density Result X (m) Y (m) Well 2040 0 60 150 270 390 510 630 750 840 960 2040 2040 2040 Well I 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920 2040 2160 2280 2400 2520 2640 2760 2880 3000 3120 3240 3360 3480 3600 3720 3840 3960 4080 4200 4320 4440 4560 4680 4800 4920 5040 5160 5280 5400 5520 5640 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 E RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 PP Time (ms) < 2.750 2.739 2.729 2.718 2.708 2.69 2.683 2.67 2.6667 2.6563 2.6458 2.6354 2.6250 Quintuco 2.5938 2.5833 2.5729 2.5625 2.5521 2.5417 2.5313 2.5208 2.5104 2.5000 2.4896 2.4792 2.4688 2.4583 2.4479 2.4375 2.4271 2.4167 2.4063 2.3958 2.3854 2.3750 Tordillo 2.3438 2.3333 2.3229 2.3125 2.3021 2.2917 2.2813 ....... 2.2708 2.2604 2.2500 85#85MC Prestack Joint Inversion Density Result W X (m) Y (m) 0 90 180 300 420 540 660 780 900 1020 2040 2040 2040 2040 1170 1320 2040 2040 2040 1470 1620 1770 1920 2070 2220 2370 2520 2640 2790 2940 3090 3240 3390 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 Well Well I 1111111 | 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 PP Time (ms) < ........... 3540 3690 2040 RCP0 E In pursuit of new ideas 3840 3960 4110 4260 2040 2040 4410 4560 2040 4710 4860 2040 2040 5010 5160 5280 5430 5580 5730 2040 2.7500 2040 2.7396 · | . . . . . . . || | | | | | | | | | | | | 2.7292 2.7188 2.7083 2.6979 2.6875 2.6771 2.6667 2.6563 2.6458 2.6354 2.625 Quintuco 2.5938 2.5833 2.5729 2.5625 2.5521 2.5417 2.5313 2.5208 2.5104 2.5000 2.4896 2.4792 2.4688 2.4583 2.4479 2.4375 2.4271 2.4167 2.4063 2.3958 2.3854 2.3750 2.3646 2.3542 Tordillo 2.3438 2.3333 2.3229 2.3125 2.3021 2.2917 2.2813 2.2708 2.2604 2.2500 98 86#86RCP In pursuit of new ideas Results • Wide Azimuth and Legacy seismic stacks are more similar to each other than to the Multicomponent survey stack 5783578 www 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783578 5783579 2900 3000 3100 1200 3300 3400 Legacy 2.02 1.29 Old Quintuco 5 1.36 3.04 0.31 2040 20:40 2040 090 210 330 450 570 690 810 930 1060 1230 1380 1530 1580 1830 1990 2130 2200 2430 2580 2730 2880 3030 3130 3330 3430 3630 3780 3930 4050 4230 4500 4530 4580 4830 4900 5130 5280 5430 5580 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2010 2040 2040 2040 2040 20140 2040 20:40 3.00 2.88 2.76 -0.06 -0.31 -0.55 -0.67 -0.80 -0.92 -1.04 -116 -1.20 -1.41 -1.53 -1.65 -1.78 -1.90 -2.02 2.63 2.51 2.39 2.27 2.14 2.02 1.90 165 1.53 1.29 1.15 1.04 0.92 0.80 0.67 -2.14 -2.27 -235 -263 -276 -288 -3.00 1500 m Wide Azimuth + 0.31 0.18 0.05 -0.06 0.18 Multicomponen -0.31 +0.43 -0.55 -0.67 -0.80 x [m] -0.92 Y (m) 20-40 2040 90 210 330 450 570 690 810 930 1080 1230 2040 2040 040 530 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2430 2580 2730 2880 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 3930 4080 4230 4380 4530 4680 4830 4980 5130 5280 5430 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 0.95 Wel 0.921 0.83 -1.29 -1.4 -1.53 1.65 1,78 2900 -1.90 2.02 -214 -2.37 -2.39 3000 -263 -2.76 -2.00 3100- 3200 3300 3400 0.841 0.80 0.711 0.67 0.63 0.59 0.55 0.51 0.47 Quintuco PP 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.27 022 0.10 0.06 0.02 -0.02 -0.06 -0.10 -0.14 -0.15 -0.22 -0.27 -0.31 -0.35 -0.39 -0.43 -0.47 -0.51 -0.55 -0.59 -0.63 -0.67 -0.71 -0.76 -0.84 -0.88 -0.92#87Results RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas • Acquisition of and processed results from Multicomponent survey are less than ideal for inversion work 600 receivers (120 m spacing, 600 m between RLINES), static layout 6474 sources (60 m spacing, 300 m between SLINES) 88#88MD (m) from 128 1400 m Results RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas • Inversion results from Multicomponent survey correlate with logs better than those possible from Legacy survey Multicomponen Legacy P-Impedance 500) 14500 P-Impedance (Seismic) ((m/s)*(acc)) OOSET t P-Impedance (Seismic) vs P-Impedance 6 B B Color Key MD from KB Deep 1500 m MD (m) Pimpedance from 6500 (m) 14500 XB 1400 m P-Impedance (Seismic) ((m/s)"(acc)) COSEL P-Impedance (Seismic) vs P-Impedance 000 Do Shastr 00 DO CE3 BB DDD D DO 81 Color Key MD from KB Deep 1500 m 1500 7500 8500 9500 10500 P-Impedance (m)(c)) 11500 12500 13500 14500 $500 7500 8500 9500 10500 11500 12500 13500 14500 Shallow P-Impedance (m/s) (a/cc)) Shallow#89X (m) Y (m) Well 2900 3000- 3100- 3200- 3300- 3400 3500- PP Time (ms)< Results 2040 2040 2040 090 210 330 450 570 590 810 930 1080 1230 1380 1530 1680 1830 1980 2130 2280 2430 2580 2730 2880 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 3930 4080 4230 4380 4530 4680 4830 4950 5130 5280 5430 5580 5730 5880 6030 6180 6330 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 20401 2040 2040 2040 2040 20401 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 Well 1 15000 14844 1x (m) Y (m) Wel 2040 0 60 150 270 390 510 630 750 870 990 1110 1230 2040 2040 2040 2040 1380 1500 1620 2040 14531 14375 14219 14063 13905 2900 13750 13594 13438 13281 13125 12969 3000- 12813 12655 12500 12344 12188 12031 3100 11875 11719 11563 11406 11290 3200- 11094 10938 10781 10625 10469 10313 3300- 10156 10000 9844 9688 9531 9375 9219 9063 3400- 8906 8750 8594 8438 8281 8125 7969 7813 7655 7500 3500- PP Time (ms)< RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 1770 1890 2010 2160 2280 2400 2550 2570 2790 2940 3050 3180 3350 3450 3570 3720 3840 3960 4110 4230 4350 4500 4620 4740 4890 5010 5130 5280 5400 5520 5670 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 2040 20401 Well, • Post stack inversion is able to predict a similar P-impedance volume to that from prestack inversion in this case 15000 14844 14688 14531 14375 14219 14063 13906 13750 13594 13438 13281 13125 12969 12813 12656 12500 12344 12188 12031 11875 11719 11563 11406 11250 11094 10938 10781 10625 10469 10313 10156 10000 9844 9588 Tordillo PP 9531 9375 9219 8905 8750 8594 90 8438 8281 8125 7969 7655 7500#901400 m Results PP Only MD (m) S-Impedance from 3500 (m/s) (a/c 8500 KB 8. S-Impedance (Seismic) ((m/s)*(a/cc)) S-Impedance (Seismic) vs S-Impedance ōn '' ' 1500 4500 5500 S-Impedance ((m/s)"(g/cc)) ㅁ 6500 7500 B BB 回 8500 Color Key MD from KB MD (m) from KB 1500 m 1400 m RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas S-impedance 3500 (m/s) (a/c 8500 Joint PP- PS S-Impedance (Seismic) vs S-Impedance Color Key MD from KB S-Impedance (Seismic) ((m/s)*(g/cc)) 1500 4500 5500 முன் □ a 3 " 3 S-Impedance ((m/s)*(g/cc)) 130 CO D B 6500 7500 8500 • Addition of PS data doesn't substantially improve inversion results in this dataset 91 1500 m#91Conclusions RCP In pursuit of new ideas • Multicomponent seismic requires more robust acquisition and processing than occurred to add substantial value • Most large lithology variations in Vaca Muerta are smooth enough to be resolved reasonably with low frequencies, leading to highly correlated LF starting model • For P-impedance, post stack inversion may be able to provide comparable P-impedance results to prestack inversion in less time in some cases • Modern wide-azimuth seismic acquisition can add substantial value over legacy mono-azimuth surveys 92#92RCP RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION PROJECT Project Recap Pablo Benitez & Patrick Corwin Vaca Muerta Team COLORADOSCHOOLOFMINES.#93Six Years of Research • Wintershall's Vaca Muerta Project Began in 2013 • Exploration and Development of VMF • Well Logs and Core Data RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas wintershall Seismic Data Completion Data ཙ་ 94#94Six Years of Research FMI interpretation & log cluster analysis Para-sequence interpretation Reservoir property prediction Geostatistical analysis Microseismic Seismic Inversion First Theses (2013/15) Vaca Muerta project creation (2013) Joint PP-PS Inversion Added Value of 3C - 3D Natural Fracture & Stress Second Round of Theses (2015/17) Final Round of Theses (2017/19) RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 95#95Six Years of Research FMI interpretation & log cluster analysis Seismic Inversion Para-sequence interpretation Reservoir property prediction Geostatistical analysis Microseismic First Theses (2013/15) Vaca Muerta project creation (2013) Joint PP-PS Inversion Added Value of 3C - 3D Natural Fracture & Stress Final Round of Theses (2017/19) Second Round of Theses (2015/17) RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas ◆ Kyla (Geology): Mechanical stratigraphy and natural fractures from FMI Jorge (Geophysics): Initial post and pre-stack inversions 96#96Six Years of Research Joint PP-PS Inversion Added Value of 3C - 3D Para-sequence interpretation Reservoir property prediction. Natural Fracture & Stress Geostatistical analysis Microseismic FMI interpretation & log cluster analysis Seismic Inversion First Theses (2013/15) Final Round of Theses (2017/19) Second Round of Theses (2015/17) RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Vaca Muerta project creation (2013) Carlos (Geophysics): Prediction of reservoir properties. James (Geophysics): Geostatistical integration & microseismic Paula (Geophysics): Para-sequence and anisotropy analysis 97#97Six Years of Research FMI interpretation & log cluster analysis Para-sequence interpretation Joint PP-PS Inversion Added Value of 3C - 3D Natural Fracture & Stress Reservoir property prediction Geostatistical analysis Microseismic Seismic Inversion First Theses (2013/15) Final Round of Theses (2017/19) Second Round of Theses (2015/17) RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Vaca Muerta project creation (2013) • Pablo (Geology): Natural fracture & stress characterization Patrick (Geophysics): Joint PP-PS inversion, added value of 3C-3D 98#98Main Conclusions RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas LVM HTI Anisotropy (%) 18 - 20 18-20 Lower MVM Upper MVM UVM 10-15 15-18 VTI Anisotropy (%) 20 - 25 20-25 30-35 35 - 40 YM (MPSI) 2-3 2.5-3 4-6 5-8 PR 0.28 0.28 0.3 0.3 Fracability ↑↑ ↑ SH Direction 110° 125º DHSR (%) 2-3 2-3 4-5 5-7 Fracture Density ↑↑ ↑ ↓ ↓ Fracture Directions 50º 50°-150° ≈ 0° ≈ 0° Carbonate Content ↓ ↑↑ TOC (%) 12 5 2 2 Hydrocarbon Saturation ↑↑ ↑ ↓ ↓ Production (%) +75 - 29 -45 +15 Thickness (m) 15 40 120 40 99 99#99Lower VM Main Conclusions Lower Strength • Low DHSR values High Fracture Densities High Hydrocarbon Saturations Good to Moderate Production Best Landing Zones RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas LVM HTI Anisotropy (%) 18 - 20 VTI Anisotropy (%) 20-25 Lower MVM 18-20 20 - 25 YM (MPSI) 2-3 2.5-3 PR 0.28 0.28 Fracability ↑↑ ↑ SH Direction 110° 125º DHSR (%) 2-3 2-3 Fracture Density Fracture Directions ↑↑ ↑ 50° 50° - 150° Carbonate Content ↓ TOC (%) 12 5 Hydrocarbon Saturation ↑↑ ↑ Production (%) +75 - 29 Thickness (m) 15 40 100#100Upper VM Main Conclusions RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas • Higher Strength HTI Anisotropy (%) 15 - 18 Upper MVM UVM 10 - 15 VTI Anisotropy (%) 30-35 35 - 40 Higher DHSR values Lower Fracture Densities Lower Hydrocarbon Saturations Good to Low Production YM (MPSI) 4-6 5-8 PR 0.3 0.3 Fracability SH Direction DHSR (%) Fracture Density 4-5 5-7 ↓ ↓ Fracture Directions ≈0° ≈0° Carbonate Content ↑ TOC (%) 2 2 UVM Could Still Be Considered Hydrocarbon Saturation ↓ ↓ Production (%) - 45 +15 Thickness (m) 120 40 101#101Main Conclusions • • Multicomponent 3D-3C data Value provided in this case was less than desired Acquisition and processing were not ideal for robust inversion work Still showed improvement over Legacy data, suggesting new PP acquisition still worthwhile Another 3D-3C seismic test shot with improved acquisition and processing is needed to determine if 3D-3C can add value in the Vaca Muerta 4000 4050- 4100- 4150- 4200- 4300- 4350- 9900- 2040 090 210 330 450 570 690 810 930 1080 1230 1380 1530 1680 1830 1980 2130 2290 2430 2580 2730 3890 3030 3180 3330 3480 3630 3780 3030 4080 4230 4380 4530 4680 4830 4000 5130 5280 5430 5580 20-40 30-0 2040 2040 20-40 3175 3150 3125 3300 3075 3050 3000 2975 2950 2925 2900 2075 3000 2850 2825 2775 Quintuco PS 2750 2723 3130 2700 2675 2650 2025 2000 היל 2575 2550 2525 2500 2475 2450 2425 4600- 2400 2375 4650- 2350 600 receivers (120 m spacing, 600 m between RLINES), static layout 2325 4700- 2300 2275 4750- 2250 6474 sources (60 m spacing, 300 m between SLINES) 2225 4800- 2200 2175 2150 2125 4000- 2300 2075 2050 2025 2000 PS Time() 2040 200 2740 276 10.30 6.20 6.14 en 60 COL GM C AM 0.10 622 6.77 C.x all 0.00 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 102#102Essential Data • Well Data RCP In pursuit of new ideas Well G GR 0 gapi 250 ● Essential data: Core (XRD, mechanical tests), Triple-Combo (GR, Density, Resistivity), Dipole Sonic (DTC & DTS), FMI, Lithoscanner UVM • Valuable for modeling and seismic calibration Useful for landing zones selection Completion Data marking . Used for stress calibration (DFIT, Leak-off Tests) . Natural fracture and stress observations (microseismic) • Seismic Data Wide-azimuth data: Valuable for anisotropy and azimuthal analysis Parrilla Cocina . Proved to be valuable for natural fracture and stress characterization Tordilla 103#103Main Suggestions Drill Vertical Wells Quintico Middle Quintuco Middle Quintuco RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas ● Before going to horizontals UVM MVM BVM MVM Parilla Tordillo Well I Well G • Acquire essential logs for fracture and mechanical analysis Well A Acquire cores for mechanical tests . Acquire vertical microseismic for horizontals direction Acquire Wide-Azimuth Seismic Data • Easier and cheaper to acquire and process than a multicomponent data • Presence of open natural fractures and stress characterization ● Optimize future horizontal wells 210 100 100 170 to 140 140 130 120 110 104#104Main Suggestions Drill Horizontal Wells • Drill extensively Lower MVM RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Based on results from vertical wells and seismic data Consider lower sections of the VMF as targets 2 NEW Y W 3 Anisotropy 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 5km 0.15 105#105RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Current State of the Vaca Muerta • Most discussion currently centered on choosing best landing zones • Next step is completion optimization to enable industrial scale field development • Research like DOE HTFS work would be extremely valuable as Vaca Muerta development continues. NEW MEXICO NORTHWESTERN SHELF CSON Yeso-Abo Pe LEA She HFTS 2 Location Wolfcamp Bone S DELAWARE BASIN COCHIN HOCKEY LUBBOCK CROSBY DICKENS YONGM CON EASTERN SHELF Mississippian CURRY FISHER Cline NOLAY ANDREWS Wolfberry MIDLAND BASIN MICHELL ECTOR WARD CLANE HFTS 1 Location COE DIABLO PLATFORM 37 CAVS REEVES Wolfbone CENTRAL BASIN PLATFORM REAGAN TEXAS Wolfcamp SHEFFIELD CHANNEL PECOS OZONA SCRECER ARCH 106#106Anadarko Apache BHP FAFL Petroleum Corporation CIMAREX ExxonMobil 100C DAWSON devon A drillinginfo Dawson Geophysical Company better, faster decisions CGG Seogr Chevron ew ideas eog resources HALLIBURTON HESS IHS ikon Landmark Great Western Science الكويت OIL & GAS COMPANY LUMINA ركة نفط Kuwait Oil Company PENN VIRGINIA PIONEER CORPORATION SIGMA³ Lundin Petroleum -National Research Institute OIL AND GAS INSTITUTE NATURAL RESOURCES 中国石化 ορετ NANOSEIS OptaSense® OXY REPSOL Schlumberger Shell Vecta Unified WHITING wintershall geosystems Oil & Gas Ltd.#107THANK YOU RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 108#108RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 109#109EXTRA SLIDES RCP O In pursuit of new ideas 110#110Neuquén Basin - Development • 3 Stages • • • Synrift (Late Triassic - Early Jurassic) Postrift (Early Jurassic - Early Cretaceous) Foreland (Late Cretaceous - Paleocene) Cenozoic Stages • Extensive I (Oligocene - Early Miocene) (A) Synrift Phase Shadow marine Contrant Bankone Very low or arrested subduction Marianas-type subduction (C) Foreland Phase Deve marine Comment Mechanical subsidence n Fault-bounded troughs and half-grabens a Volcanic, continental (+ marine) sedimentation in depocentres (B) Postrift Phase Deep Maine Show marine Centiments Regional thermal subsidence Mostly marine and continental sedimentation Periodically separated from the proto-Pacific by uplift and relative sea-level fall = Compressional tectonics Synorogenic continental sedimentation • Compressive I (Middle - Late Miocene) • Extensive II (Pliocene - Quaternary) • Compressive II (Late Quaternary - Today) Andean-type subduction Pathway for latest Cretaceous Atlantic transgression Howell et al. (2005) RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 111#111Introduction Isotropic V = H = h VTI X₂ X3 VH = h RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 112#112Introduction C33 C₁13 C23 C32 C31 C22 C12 C21 C11 011 022 Anisotropic Material [C1 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C21 C22 C23 C24 C25 C26 E11 822 033 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 C36 833 * = 023 C41 C12 C13 C14 C45 CAO E23 013 C51 C52 C53 C54 C55 C56 Ɛ13 012 C61 C62 C63 C64 C65 C66 €12 VTI C11 C12 C13 0 0 0 C12 C11 C13 0 0 0 C13 C13 C33 0 0 0 CB 0 0 0 C44 0 0 0 0 0 0 C55 0 00000 C66 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 113#113Introduction NARROW AZIMUTH WIDE-AZIMUTH 180 170 Long (2009) RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 114#114Horizons & Structures Well G RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas GR gapi 250 Cocina Maximum Curvature Middle MVM Maximum Curvature UVM Maximum Curvature UVM MVM Parrilla Cocina Tordillo Well G Well I Well A Max. Curv. Well G 0.07 0.05 0.02 Well A 0.00 -0.03 -0.05 2 3 4 5km -0.08 -0.10 Well I Max. Curv. Well 1 Well G 0.07 -0.05 0.02 Well A 0.00 -0.03 -0.05 3 4 5km -0.08 -0.10 Max. Curv. 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.00 -0.03 -0.05 2 5km -0.08 -0.10 115#115Horizons & Structures Well G GR gapi 250 Cocina Variance Middle MVM Variance UVM Variance UVM MVM Parrilla Cocina Tordillo Well G Well I Well A Variance 0.25 Well G Well I 0.20 Well A 0.15 0.10 0.05 2 3 5km -0.00 Variance Well G 0.25 0.20 Well A 0.15 0.10 0.05 3 5km 0.00 Well I RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Variance 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 -0.05 4 5km -0.00 116#116Anisotropy & Azimuth RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Well G S GR gapi UVM MVM 250 Quintuco Middle Quintuco Parrilla Cocina UVM MV Parrilla Tordillo Tordillo Well G Anisotropy -0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 Well -0.30 Well G -0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 -0.05 5000- -0.00 Well A Well A 0 0.5 1.5 2 2.5km 117#117Anisotropy & Azimuth RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas Well G GR gapi UVM MVM Parrilla Cocina Tordillo 250 S Quintuco Middle Quintuco UVM MVM Tordillo Well G Well A Vfast Az. 160.00 140.00 120.00 100.00 80.00 10 60.00 40.00 20.00 Xv 0.00 118#118Anisotropy & Azimuth ↑N Sn↓ 03 HORIZONTAL MICROSEISMIC 315° Curia et al. (2018b) 345° 330° 1306 15° 30° 94° 01 02 Curia et al. (2018b) 285° SH 270 255 300 240° 225 69 210° 150° 195° 1659 180 135 60 300° 75 285° 270° 105 255° 120 240° 315° 225° WIDE-AZIMUTH Middle MVM - Well G 0° 345° 15° 330° 30° 9% 4% RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 210° 150° 195° 165° 180° 45° 135° 60° 120° 75° 90 105° 119#119Anisotropy & Azimuth Fracture Intensity Bishop (2015) Middle MVM window UVM MVM Parrilla Cocina Tordillo тил 285° 270° 255° 300° 240° 315° 225 Middle MVM - Well A 0° 345° 15° 330° 30° 210° 8% -4% 150° 195° 165° 180° 45° 135° 60° 75° 285° 90° 270° /105° 255° 300° 120° 240° 315° 225 Middle MVM - Well I 0° 345° 15° 330° 30° 9% 4% 210° 150° 195° 165° 180° RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 45° 135° 60° 120° 75° 90° /105° 120#120Discussion • Origin of Fractures • Extensional Fractures Shear Fractures • Expulsion of Hydrocarbon RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 121#121Discussion Strike-Slip Regimes (σ₁ = S₁; σ = S₁) 3 • Extensional or Shear Fractures 03 EXTENSIONAL 01 B Hardage et al. (2011) RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas SHEAR 0₁ 03 σ₁₁ = maximum stress 03 = minimum stress A = shear fracture B = extensional fracture C = shear fracture $ -30° C A 122#122Discussion Extensional Fractures MESOZOIC Mosquera and Ramos (2005) AGE CENOZOIC TERTIARY CRETACEOUS EARLY PLIOCENE VOLCANICS MOCENE PROGINIC TERARY NAZCA STAGE BROKEN FORELAND BASIN 70° LATE FARALLON STAGE CONVERGENCE DIRECTION (°) FORELAND BASIN MALARQUE OR 100° ALBOCENE Campanan Santonian Cortacan NEJOVEN G Turonian Cenomanian 312 Guzmán et al. (2011) Volcanic Abun TAYOSO Fm. UPPER CRETACEOUS PALEOCENE EARLY FARALLON STAGE INTRAPLATE DEFORMATION La Txa 100° AT Barrenian TRAATIAN Up Choneado Upper Mt Aye Ma Kautanvan Lower M Katanginan Sinistral convergence> 45 2324 STALINA 285° MA Bemasan Tithenian QUINTUCO VICA MUERTA Oxfordian Callovian Fms TOROLLO FRAMES AUQUALCO F LA MANGA P LOTENA FRACAS ALUK STAGE INTRAPLATE DEFORMATION 140° Toarcun LOS MOLLES FM Persbachian INTRALASI Sinistral convergence-45 pper br Lower Mar RIFT STAGE Nortan Caran CHOYCE G LITHOLOGIC COLUMN LHOESTRATIGRAFIC REGINAL UNT UNCONS BASIN EVOLUTION STAGE 255 240 300° 2250 65% Bitumen Dikes EOCENE Dikes 50° 76 90° Well Breakouts OLIGOCENE MIOCENE PLIO.Q Middle MVM - Well G 9° 345 15% 330° nd 30° 9% Set 315° 45 49 135 120° 60° 75° 105 90 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 2100 150° 1st Set 195° 165° 123 180°#123Discussion Shear Fractures 0 03 2859 255° 300 240 315° 225° Middle MVM - Well G 0° 345° 15% 330 30° 996 494 210 150° 195° 165° 1800 135° 60° 120 759 105 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 124#124Discussion • Expulsion of Hydrocarbon. Jurmsic MESOZOIC Mosquera and Ramos (2005) AGE CENOZOIC TERBARY CRETACEOUS EARLY LATE PLIOCENE VOLCANCS NAZCA STAGE BROKEN FORELAND BASIN 70° MOCEME DROGEN TERSARY PALBOCENE MALARGUE GR Campanan Samman LATE FARALLON STAGE FORELAND BASIN 100% Turonian Cenomanan AD 31 NEUQUEN G AFT RAYOSO FM EARLY FARALLON STAGE NTRAPLATE DEFORMATION La Ta 100% TOE 10 AN Chamad Mb 300° Samman Upper M Ave M Hauteman Lower atanginan Bemason Tithonian QUINTUCO+ Fms Oxfordian AUQUELCO P Callevian LAMANGA P PAJAL T அம் Tuartian LOS MOLLES Fm Persbechin Upper Lower M Carna CHOVYOIG Sinistral convergence> 45° ALUK STAGE INTRAPLATE DEFORMATION Sinistral convergence-45 RIFT STAGE LITHOLOGIC COLUMN LHOESTRATIGRAFIC REGINAL BASIN EVOLUTION STAGE CONOS 140 2559 285 240 225° 3159 Middle MVM - Well G 0° 345° 15° 330 30°° 996 496 210 150° 1959 165 1900 135° 120 600 105 780 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 125#125甲 RCP0 In pursuit of new ideas 126