#1First airborne in situ SO 2 observations of two coal-fired power plants in Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina: Potential for top-down emission estimate and satellite validation Theresa Klausner¹, Heidi Huntrieser¹, Heinfried Aufmhoff¹, Robert Baumann¹, Alina Fiehn1, Klaus-Dirk Gottschaldt1, Pascal Hedelt2, Predrag Ilić5, Patrick Jöckel1, Sanja Mrazovac Kurilić³, Diego Loyola², Ismail Makroum1, Mariano Mertens¹, Zorica Podraščanin, Nicolas Theys and Anke Roiger1, EGU 21-5912 display material, April 28, 2021 1Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany ²Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany 3University Union-Nikola Tesla, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia 4University of Novi Sad, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia 5Institute for Protection and Ecology of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia-Herzegovina 6Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Atmospheric trace gases, Brussels, Belgium DLR Feel free to contact me! Knowledge for Tomorrow#2DLR.de Chart 2 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 Outline 1) Global and regional sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions 2) SO2 observations and modeling activities in the vicinity of two coal-fired power plants in Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina 2.1) Airborne research campaign METHANE-To-Go-Europe 2.2) Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) with TROPOMI instrument 2.3) Ground-based measurement network 2.4) Global/regional nested chemistry climate model MECO(n) 2.5) Regional online coupled meteorology-atmospheric chemistry model WRF-Chem 3) First results 3.1) Serbia mission flight 3.2) Bosnia mission flight 4) Summary and Outlook 60N- 40- 40°5 DLR E-To-Go-Europe METHANE 111 100°E 160°W LONGITUDE www.copernicus.eu#3DLR.de Chart 3 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 DLR 1) Global and regional sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions#4DLR.de . Chart 4 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 1) Global SO 2 • emissions Globally 2/3rd of SO2 are directly emitted by anthropogenic activities, mainly by combustion of sulfur- rich fossil fuels; ~1/3rd is indirectly emitted (sulfur containing gases) by natural sources and oxidized to SO2 (Theys et al., 2015) Shutdown of older power plants, switching from coal to natural gas and/or installation of flue gas desulfurization systems led to severe reductions in western Europe, throughout northern America and Russia (Klimont et al., 2013) Change in anthropogenic land based SO2 emissions between 2010 and 2005 (Klimont et al., 2013) SO2 emissions increased in Europe in the Balkan region, as well as in India and eastern China DLR D Change in SO2 emissions per 0.5x0.5 degree grid [Gg SO2/year] -0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.6#5DLR.de . Chart 5 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 1) Regional SO2 emissions in the Balkan • • . SO2 emission hotspot in Serbia and Bosnia- Herzegovina was recently also observed from space by TROPOMI and OMI (Fioletov et al., 2020) The two coal-fired power plants Nikola Tesla (Serbia) and Tuzla (Bosnia), with no or incomplete SO2 removal, belong to the ten strongest SO2 emitters in Europe (Chronic Coal Pollution) According to the World Health Organization, both countries are among the most polluted ones in Europe • Tuzla and surrounding cities are also among the ten most polluted cities in Europe based on PM2.5 (www.NZZ.ch) TROPOMI and OMI mean SO2 (April 2018 to March 2019) smoothed by oversampling/pixel averaging with R=30 km. Black dots indicate SO2 emissions sources. (Fioletov et al., 2020) TROPOMI OMI Tuzla Nikola Tesla -0.3 -0.12 -0.06 0 0.06 0.12 0.2 0.5 1.2 DU Top 10 largest SO2 emitters among power plants in 2016 (Chronic Coal Pollution) 128,000 127,524 tonnes 109,000 tonnes tonnes 75,410 tonnes 74,900 tonnes 57,100 53,156 tonnes 31,775 tonnes tonnes 30,061 tonnes 29,947 tonnes # DLR TROPOMI = TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument; OMI = Ozone Monitoring Instrument Kostolac B Serbia Ugljevik Bosnia and Herzegovina Nikola Tesla A Serbia Kakanj Bosnia and Herzegovina Kostolac A Serbia Nikola Tesla B Serbia Tuzla Bosnia and Herzegovina Bitola Macedonia Belchatow Poland Maritsa East 2 Bulgaria#6DLR.de Chart 6 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 2) SO2 observations and modeling activities in the vicinity of two coal-fired power plants in Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina DLR#7DLR.de Chart 7 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 • 2.1) Airborne research campaign METHANE-To-Go-Europe DLR Falcon 20 aircraft performed 13 flights from October 22nd to November 7th, 2020 METHANE HANE-To-Go-Euro D-CMET www.dlr.de CI-ITMS latitude °N 48 46 44 Adriatic Sea Croatia Serbia Bosnia 22.10a+b 23.10 25.10 42 • In situ instrumentation: o isotopically on-line calibrated Chemical lonization lon Trap Mass Spectrometer (CI-ITMS) for SO2 Naples 28.10a+b. 30.10a+b 31.10 02.11 03.11 04.11 07.11 40 T 12 14 16 18 20 longitude E o complemented by greenhouse gas (CO2, CH 4), aerosol number concen- tration, and other short-lived pollutant (CO, NO, NO,) measurements • Two flights, on November 2nd and 7th, focused on characterizing the pollution plumes downwind of Tuzla (Bosnia) and Nikola Tesla (Serbia) DLR#8DLR.de . Chart 8 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 2.1) Airborne research campaign METHANE-To-Go-Europe • Challenges during flights to the Balkan region: 。 No stopover to refuel due to Covid-19 → limited measurement time -> • Low-flight permit difficult in Balkan → performance of „low approach" at nearby airports • Target region has to be cloud free for satellite validation o Changing wind forecasts hamper SO2 pollution plume forecast by HYSPLIT • Extreme high pollutant volume mixing ratios (VMR) HYSPLIT forecast: SO2 (mean VMR) from selected point sources METHANE- To-Go-Europe ANE-TO- Latitude 07.11.2020, 10 UTC nmol/mol Szeged wind ≥30 Subotica. Arad 46°N 20 Timisoara 12 45.5°N 45.5°N 8 12 UTC 15 UTC Szeged nmol/mol Szeged Subotica Arad Timisoara ≥30 20 12 46°N 8 nmol/mol wind TE ≥30 20 12 8 5 Novi Sad Novi Sad 45 M 3 2 Latitude 5321 Latitude 1.2 rade 44.5% 1.2 44.5°N 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 44°N 44°N L 44°NI O Sarajeva ≤0.3 ≤0.3 O Sarajeva o Sarajev max.: 817 max.: 912 43.5°N at (20.15, 44.57) at (20.17, 44.67) 18°E 20°E Longitude 22°E 18 E 119°E 20°E 21°E 22°E 18°E 5 Novi Sad 3 2 Belgrade 1.2 0.8 0.5 ≤0.3 max.: 930 20°E at (21.16, 44.72) Longitude Longitude # DLR HYSPLIT Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model#9DLR.de . Chart 9 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 2.2) Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) with TROPOMI instrument • • • ESA satellite Sentinel-5P launched in October 2017 -multichannel spectrometer TROPOMI (UV-VIS-NIR, SWIR) -measuring Vertical Column Density (VCD) of O3, NO2, HCHO, SO2 CO2, CH4, aerosols and clouds 2, Specifications -polar orbit, 14-15 Orbits/day -equator passing: 13:30 h (local) -swath: 2600 km wide daily global coverage -pixel resolution: 5.5 x 3.6 km² (at the beginning: 7 x 3.5 km²) • SO2 Retrieval -band 3 (310-405 nm) -besides TROPOMI operational product also COBRA product which improves low SO 2 VCDs (<~0.25 DU) -VCD via air mass factor (AMF), knowledge on the SO2 vertical profile needed # DLR www.copernicus.eu TROPOMI mean SO2 (April 2018 to March 2019) smoothed by oversampling techniques with R=30 km. (Fioletov et al., 2020) TROPOMI, April 2018 - March 2019 -1.2 -0.48 -0.24 0 0.24 0.48 0.8 2 4.8 DU#10DLR.de. Chart 10 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 2.3) Ground-based measurement network Bosnia-Herzegovina 10 km Country Bosnia- Location Lat °N Lon °E Measured species Herzgewonia Caparde (Zvornik) 44.3986 19.0089 Bijeljina 44.7568 19.2185 SO2 SO₂ Ground-based stations Ugljevik 44.6840 18.9696 Skver Tuzla 44.5408 18.6733 BKC Tuzla 44.5319 18.6547 Bukinje Tuzla 44.5236 Lukavac 44.5333 18.6003 18.5349 Živinice 44.4539 18.6483 Serbia Obrenovac 44.6595 Kostolac 44.7175 20.2045 21.1734 SO2, PM10, NO2, CO SO2, NO2 NO, NO2, NOx, PM10 SO2, NO, CO, O3, PM2.5 SO2, NO, CO, O3, PM2.5 SO2, NO, CO, O3, PM2.5 SO2, NO, CO, O3, PM2.5 SO2, NO, CO, O3, PM2.5 Nikola Tesla Tuzla *Google Earth 10 km Serbia Nikola Tesla BNikola Tesla A DLR Google Earth#11DLR.de. Chart 11 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 2000 1800 geoheight/m 2400 EDGAR 5.0 (0.1x0.1°, 2015), total SO2 2.4) Global/regional nested chemistry climate model MECO(n) • On-line coupling of the global CCM EMAC with regional CCM COSMO-CLM/MESSY → regional refinement (e.g. Hofmann et al., 2012; Kerkweg and Jöckel, 2012a and 2012b; Mertens et al., 2016) • • EMAC • nudging (operational ECMWF) horizontal resolution ~280 km, 90 vertical levels time step 720 s 3 COSMO-CLM/MESSY nests nudging (optional) LATITUDE 80°N 40°N- 40°S- 80°S- EMAC horizontal resolution 50/12/2 km, 50 vertical levels time step 240/60/30 s Simulation of various anthropogenic SO2 emissions . . • 60°W 100°E 160°W LONGITUDE P-SO2: modified point source emissions from E-PRTR (2016) E-SO2: EDGAR v5.0 gridded inventory (2015) O-SO2: OMI-HTAP v2.2 gridded inventory (2010) Emissions of SO2 - (kg m-2 s-1) 1,0E-13 1,0E-12 1,0E-11 1,0E-10 1,0E-09 1,0Ė-08 # DLR CCM = chemistry-climate model; MECO(n) = MESSy-field ECHAM and COSMO models nested in times; EMAC = ECHAM/MESSY Atmospheric Chemistry; COSMO-CLM/MESSY =COSMO model in CLimate Mode / Moon Earth Submodel System; E-PRTR=European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register; EDGAR-Emissions Database for Global Atmosphed Research; OMI-HTAP=OMI-based and HTAP emission inventory 1,0E-14 15,0E K Bosnia Serbia 200E#12DLR.de . Chart 12 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 2.5) Regional online coupled meteorology-atmospheric chemistry model WRF-Chem • High model resolution of 10 x 10 km and 151 × 151 grid points Center of domain: 45.25°N and 19.85°E • NOX, SOX, PM2.5, PM10 and NH3 emissions from EMEP (10x10 km) for all anthropogenic SNAP sectors Used as forecast and analysis simulation WRF SO2 (μg m³) 950 hPa 2020-09-03 00h+32 900 hPa 2020-09-03 00h+32 50N- 50N- 175 70 49N 49N 65 60 48N 55 48N- 50 45 47N7 47N2 40 35 30 46-N 46N- 28 26 45N- 45N- 24 22 20 44N 44N 18 16 43N 43N 14 12 10 42N 42N- 8 6 41N- 4 41N- surface S02 ug/m3 2020-09-03 00h+32 50N- 175 70 49N 65 60 55 48N 50 45 17N 40 35 30 46N 28 26 45N 24 22 20 44N- 18 16 14 43N 12 10 42N 8 6 4 41N 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 2 0 0 0 40N 40N 40N 12B 13E 14K 15B 16E 17E 1BE 18E 20E ziE 22K 23E 24K 25B 261 12B 13E 14E 15E 17E 1BE 19E 20E 21E 228 23E 24B 256 чет 12K 13E 14B 15B 16E 17E 1BE 1BE 201 BLE 228 23E 24K 25B 26E # DLR EMEP = European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme SNAP = selected nomenclature for reporting of air pollutants#13DLR.de . Chart 13 DLR > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 3) First results#14DLR.de . Chart 14 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 3) Effect of low sun position and smoke aerosols on TROPOMI products OCTOBER 2019 (mean) NOVEMBER 2019 (mean) DECEMBER 2019 (mean) Tuzla Nikola Tesla 0.1 0.2 05 Average SO, column density [DU] 1.0 2.0 5.0 10.0 >25 0.1 0.2 Credit: DLR/BIRA/ESA 18 0.5 Tuale Average SO, column density [DU] 1.0 2.0 10.0 >25 0.5 Credit: DLR/BIRA/ESA Average SO, column density (DU) 2.0 5.0 10.0 >25 Credit: DLR/BIRA/ESA JANUARY 2020 (mean) FEBRUARY 2020 (mean) O MARCH 2020 (mean) November to January: very noisy (ground-based smog due to usage of low quality coal) → hampers validation ☑H DLR#15latitude "N 44.8 44.6 # DLR DLR.de. Chart 15 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 3.1) Falcon flight downwind of Nikola Tesla (Serbia) • Flight pattern on November 7th, 2020 - low approach at Belgrade airport (I) -,,box" at different heights (1, 0.4, 0.6 km; II), detecting SO2 enhancements of up to 200 ppb Separate emission plumes of both chimneys (Nikola Tesla A and B) are distinguishable at different heights low approach and round #1 alt-1 km Nikola Tesla Power Plant 20.0 20.5 longitude *N זיויוי 60 x10³ 40 20 820 SO2/ ppt 44.8- 44.6- round #2 alt-0.4 km 44.8- SO2 / ppb alt/km 10- 8- II 2- BLH ERA5 0 200- 100- 20- 10- round #3 and climb alt -0.6 km 00 2020 13:00 (II) 44.6- P B-280m A 150/220m 20.0 20.5 20.0 longitude °N longitude *N 20.5 NTB (I) 14:00 15:00 NTA#16DLR DLR.de. Chart 16 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 3.1) Falcon flight downwind of Nikola Tesla (Serbia) • Detailed vertical profile indicates that SO2 is mainly located in boundary layer (BL) → important knowledge for VCD calculation First comparison with WRF-Chem indicates more easterly wind (-25°) and lower SO2 mixing ratios alt / km 4- 2- لسيسي لسيد 10- + + 8 10º 101 101 102 102 T اسيييي لسي + SO2 (-12:30-15:00 UTC) BL height from aircraft profiles min and max BL height from ERA5 103 104 105 SO2 / ppt wdir / deg SO2 / ppb 300- Falcon WRF-Chem 200- 100- 0 200 I 150- 100 I I I 8 10 00 10 0 + 50- 2 0 0 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 alt / km#17DLR.de . Chart 17 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 3.1) Operational TROPOMI and COBRA products around Nikola Tesla (Serbia) . • • Operational and COBRA products are different → challenging for validation with airborne measurements Flight track was designed to allow for satellite evaluation in space and time; due to fog the flight was delayed by two hours and took place from ~13:30 to 14:30 UTC Operational product (orbit at 11:38 UTC) Different COBRA (orbit at 11:38 UTC) DLR Bogatic Petlovače Klenak dbac Misar Hartkevci Nikinci Platičevo Opština Pecinci Simanovci Ugrinovci Dobanovci Boljevci Surcin Jakovo Lipolist Gornja Vranjska Provo Obrenovac Zvečka Mala Mos Mislodini nošević Metlic predicted pixel position BS Deatar Stare Gorge Stubline Google Earth Breite 44 907787 Lange 19 896735 Höhe 77 m sichthöhe 61.48 km O plume detection Nikola Tesla Power Plant 19,2E 20,0E 20,4 44.8N 44,4N 20,8E total vertical column of sulfur dioxide for the polluted scenario derived from the total slant column (mol m-2) 0,0 0,0008 0,0016 0,0024 0,0032 0,004 *COBRA is mostly meant to improve the low SO2 VCDs (<~0.25DU) and therefore not performing the retrievals for the alternative windows (325-335 nm and 360-390nm) as in the operational algorithm#18Latitude °N DLR.de. Chart 18 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 3.1) Combination of Falcon flight & TROPOMI around Nikola Tesla (Serbia) 45.0 44.8 O ° CLOUD O 44.6 O O almost cloud-free • 19.8 Longitude °E 19.6 20.0 Ο Selecting reliable TROPOMI COBRA pixels TROPOMI pixels VCD SO2 [mol m²²] x1000 0-2 2-5 5-10 10-15 O 20.2 >15 Falcon SO2 [ppb] 100-200 >200 Two chimneys of Nikola Tesla power plant Cloud product quality assurance (QA >= 0.50) Cloud product cloud fraction (CF <= 0.10) Wind measured aboard Falcon → More reliable TROPOMISO2 pixels on left side (cloud on right side) Potential steps for validation of emission plume (left chimney): • Estimate VCD-SO2 from Falcon Combine with simulated SO2 to determine total VCD-SO2 in designated area indicated by 66 Compare with VCD-SO₂ from TROPOMI 66 # DLR#19DLR.de . Chart 19 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 3.2) Falcon flight downwind of Tuzla (Bosnia) • Flight pattern on November 2nd, 2020 DLR - low approach at Tuzla airport (I) -,,box" at different heights without (2.5, 1.2 km; II) and with (1.1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.6 km; III) SO2 enhancements of up to 100 ppb SO2 / ppb alt / km 10- LO 200- 100- 30- 20- 20 10- 0 W (I) - || - -- III (1) BLH ERA5 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 02.11.2020 UTC latitude °N 44.6 44.4- (I) Tuzla Power Plant 18.4 18.6 0 10 20 30 x10³ SO2/ ppt (II, III) 18.8 19.0 longitude °E#20DLR.de Chart 20 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 3.2) Falcon flight downwind of Tuzla (Bosnia) • Mass balance for rectangle (in red) to calculate instantaneous SO2 flux [kg s-1] Airborne measurements grouped into bins of 300 x 100 m (horiz. x vert.), interpolated between flight legs, lowest flight leg valid down to ground F = 7(0, 2) sin(a) (C(0, 2) - Cbg)L dēdz, ppb to g m²³ by ideal gas law; integrated in horizontal and vertical; L=difference between two points on regular grid of 300x100 m, U=wind speed, a-wind angle Interpolated measurements along red line: from north to east, south and west alt / km 2.0- 1.5-9 1.0- 0.5- 0.0 0 DLR 10 T 20 20 30 40 50 horizontal distance / km 60 60 8 flux per bings-1 . 60 ° 70 80 0 44.6- north latitude °N N P west 44.4- 0 10 20 30 x10 SO2 / ppt east Tuzla Power Plant South 18.4 18.6 18.8 19.0 longitude E Preliminary flux ~3.8 kg s1, which is a factor ~2 higher than average emissions from EDGAR, OMI HTAP and E-PRTR of 1.8 kg s-1#21ws/ km h-1 SO2 / µg m-3 DLR.de . Chart 21 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 3.2) Ground-based measurements at Tuzla (Bosnia) wind speed at airport 16 wind direction at airport. flight time 4 ན 2 400- Caparde Lukavac 300- 200- 100 0 00:00 02.11.2020 BKC Tuzla Zivinice Bukinje_Tuzla Skver_Tuzla -- 300 200 100 150 100 50 06:00 12:00 18:00 0 00:00 03.11.2020 UTC / hh:mm wdir / deg SO2/ppb (STP) latitude °N Tuzla Power Plant * ground-based stations 44.6- Luk BKZ. Skv 44.4 Buk Ziv airport *Сар 18.4 18.6 18.8 19.0 19.2 longitude °E . ,,Cluster" detects SO2 mixing ratios at similar magnitude as observed aboard Falcon • Lukavac latest in time, but wind direction changes during the day # DLR STP standard conditions for temperature and pressure#22latitude DLR.de Chart 22 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫vPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 3.2) MECO(n) simulations of Tuzla (Bosnia) P-SO2 column (ppt) at 12 UTC 44.70°N 44 60°N 44.50°N 44.40°N 44 30°N M P-SO2 (ppt) vertical section along white line 30- 4800 4500 4200 3900 34- 3600 3300 E 3000 2700 2400 Z (1) 38- 2100 42- 1800 1500 1200 46- 900 600 300 50 0 1B.0°E 18.4°E 1B.8°E 19.2°E 19.6°E 20.0°E longitude 44.20°N (mean wind direction of M-MECO(n), F=Flight) • Ongoing effort to minimize model bias in temperature, relative humidity and wind direction # DLR - 20 60 100 140 X 10000 8000 E 6000 Height in m 4000 2000 840DOG 200000 780000 720000 68000G 64000C *DODOC 560DOG S20DOC 480DOG . 40006 400DOG 360DOC 32000C 280000 24000C 200000 18000G 120DOG 80000 40000 ERA5 MECO(n) Clean inflow Uniform vertical P-SO2 distribution in boundary layer consistent with → mass balance assumption 5000 4000- E 3000- Height in m 2000 1000- 220 240 260 280 0 20 40 Temperature k RH in % ERA5 MECO(n) 60 80 100#23DLR.de . Chart 23 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 3.2) COBRA product around Tuzla (Bosnia) • Both, COBRA and the operational product, are noisy (lots of smaller fires which influence the sensitivity due to enhanced amount of aerosol) • Useful validation needs to be further examined COBRA (orbit at 11:32 UTC) DLR 17.6E 18.0E 18.4E 18,8E 19,2E 19,6E 44,8N1 20,0E total vertical column of sulfur dioxide for the polluted scenario derived from the total slant column (mol m-2) 0,0008 0,0016 0,0024 0,0032 0,0 Fires as observed from aircraft 0,004 Tuzla power plant Fires from MODIS and VIIRS#24DLR.de Chart 24 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 DLR 4) Summary and Outlook#25DLR.de Chart 25 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 4) Summary and Outlook E-To-Go-Europe METHANE-T • Airborne in situ SO 2 measurements were for the first time successfully conducted downwind of two major coal-fired power plants in Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina Two TROPOMI underpass validation flights were conducted and revealed important lessons learned for future flights • Validation of TROPOMI-SO2 with Falcon-SO2 looks promising for the flight in Serbia . . Mass Balance estimate of Falcon-SO2 looks promising for the flight in Bosnia Improvements on Falcon-SO2 data quality of extreme high SO2 mixing ratios • Ongoing refinements on mass balance estimation, MECO(n) and WRF-Chem model simulations Comparison of SO 2 Vertical Column Densities over designated areas using TROPOMI and combined Falcon-MECO(n)-SO2 data . Future TROMOPI-SO2 validation flights envisaged within the framework of METHANE-To-Go # DLR#26DLR.de . Chart 26 > EGU 21-5912 > Klausner et al. ⚫ VPICO presentation > April 28, 2021 References . Chronic Coal Pollution: https://beyond-coal.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/FINAL-Chronic-Coal-Pollution-report.pdf (last access 09.04.2021) • Fioletov et al., 2020: Anthropogenic and volcanic point source SO2 emissions derived from TROPOMI on board Sentinel-5 Precursor: first results, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-5591-2020 • Hofmann et al., 2012: The 1-way on-line coupled atmospheric chemistry model system MECO(n) - Part 3: Meteorological evaluation of the on-line coupled system, doi: 10.5194/gmd-5-129-2012 • Kerkweg and Jöckel, 2012a: The 1-way on-line coupled atmospheric chemistry model system MECO(n) - Part 1: Description of the limited-area atmospheric chemistry model COSMO/MESSY, doi: 10.5194/gmd-5-87-2012 • Kerkweg and Jöckel, 2012b: The 1-way on-line coupled atmospheric chemistry model system MECO(n) - Part 2: On-line coupling with the Multi-Model-Driver (MMD), doi: 10.5194/gmd-5-111-2012 Klimont et al., 2013: The last decade of global anthropogenic sulfur dioxide: 2000-2011 emissions, doi: 10.1088/1748- 9326/8/1/014003 • Mertens et al., 2016: The 1-way on-line coupled model system MECO(n) - Part 4: Chemical evaluation (based on MESSY v2.52), doi: 10.5194/gmd-9-3545-2016 • Theys et al., 2015: Sulfur dioxide vertical column DOAS retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument: Global observations and comparison to ground-based and satellite data, doi: 10.1002/2014JD022657 • www.NZZ.ch: Bosnien: 09.04.2021) https://www.nzz.ch/international/bosnien-kohlekraftwerke-verpesten-die-luft-ld.1538169 (last access DLR#27DLR Additional slides#28NASA Layers WORLDVIEW Events Data 12:20 ORBITAL TRACK Suomi NPP Orbit Track & Time Suomi NPP/Space-Track.org Acquisition Time (UTC) - Ascending/Day Sentinel-5P- Orbit Track & Time Sentinel-5P/Space-Track.org Acquisition Time (UTC) - Ascending/Day CALIPSO- Orbit Track & Time CALIPSO/Space-Track.org Acquisition Time (UTC) - Ascending/Day REFERENCE Place Labels OpenStreetMap contributors, Natural Earth Coastlines/Borders / Roads OpenStreetMap contributors, Natural Earth Coastlines OpenStreetMap contributors 11:40 CALIPSO overpass 12:17 UTC Soumi NPP 11:35 UTC Sentinel-5P (TROPOMI) 11:38 UTC Nikola Tesla power plants smoke aerosols BASE LAYERS % Corrected Reflectance (True Color) NOAA-20/VIIRS Corrected Reflectance (True Color) Suomi NPP/VIIRS Ascending/Day Corrected Reflectance (True Color) Aqua/MODIS Corrected Reflectance (True Color) Terra/MODIS 11:35 Group Similar Layers + Add Layers Start Comparison # DLR 1 DAY 2020 NOV 07<> 12:15 III 2020 OCT 2020 NOV 2020#29Cloud Situation in the morning over Croatia, Bosnia & Serbia NASA WORLDVIEW - 2020 NOV 07 DLR 16 Layers 1 DAY Nikola Tesla power plants 7 November 2020 G Smoke Cloud- 20 mi 20 km A III SEP 2020 OCT 2020 NOV 2020 DEC 2020 JAN ויויד DAY i#30- Flight to Nikola Tesla A (left) & B (right) – 7 November 2020 at 13:23 UTC (lat 44.89°N, Ion 19.76°E) DLR NTA cirrus NTB#31NTB # DLR Flight to Nikola Tesla A (right) & B (left) - 7 November 2020 COD Обедска бора Војводина Data CC-BY-SA by OpenStreetMap N NTA ~400 m inversion ~900 m →NTA/NTB emissions trapped in distinct vertical layer inversion ~500 m AD GOD == Обреновац Data CC-BY-SA by OpenStreetMap