Inverter-Based Resources: Challenges & Opportunities
When and where will we need GFM
capacity?
North American Regional
Reliability Councils
and Interconnections
Western
Interconnection
Québec
Interconnection
GFM is new, required for some projects in
Hawaii.
Each grid has different needs in terms of GFM
performance.
Not all inverter suppliers are ready to provide
GFM capabilities.
It is not currently well understood when and
how much GFM capacity from IBRs will be
needed in different regions. Research to
determine this would be valuable.
Eastern
Interconnection
NPCC FRCC
RFC
SERC SPP
TRE
Texas
Interconnection
MRO
WECC
ASCC
Interconnection
Source: North American Reliability Corporation
Source: By Bouchecl - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6750405
Have seen the grid can be stabilized with GFL up to high
penetrations with reduction in P-f droop slope and/or
tuning of converter PPL parameters.
6
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