#1Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire RESULTS OF THE FIRST ADAGRAM SURVEY IN ADAMAWA AND TARABA STATES, NIGERIA AdaGram Dmitry Idiatov, Mark Van de Velde¹, Tope Olagunju², Bitrus Andrew 1 LLACAN, CNRS, Sorbonne-Paris Cité, INALCO 2 Kwara State University [email protected] [email protected] http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/ 14 национален по cnrs inalco Chrs#2Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire ADAGRAM PROJECT AdaGram short for: Exploring Nigeria's linguistic wealth: grammatical analysis and linguistic documentation of the Adamawa languages four year research project (2016-2019) funded by the City of Paris (program “Emergence(s)") new team: 2 CNRS researchers, four PhD students, one undergraduate student#3Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire ADAGRAM TEAM VA KWASU Dmitry Idiatov (PI), Mark Van de Velde, Mirjam Möller, Jakob Lesage, Eveling Villa, Lora Litvinova, Tope Olagunju#4Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire Why we came to Nigeria... ADAGRAM PROJECT Nigeria Africa New Guinea Area World state of documentation #lgs #lgs #lgs #lgs grammar 88 16.60% grammar sketch 75 14.15% 639 29.59% 529 24.50% 375 517 17.74% 2344 31.33% 24.46% 1817 24.28% dictionary 16 3.01% 49 2.26% 25 1.18% 151 2.01% specific feature 17 3.20% 117 5.41% 93 4.40% 274 3.66% phonology 17 3.20% 80 3.70% 58 2.74% 287 3.83% text 12 0.55% 24 1.13% 82 1.09% new testament 1 0.04% 6 0.28% 11 0.14% wordlist 236 44.52% 505 23.39% 728 34.45% 1708 22.83% comparative 37 6.98% 107 4.95% 202 9.55% 456 6.09% minimal 6 1.13% 13 socling 7 1.32% 30 0.60% 14 1.38% 0.66% 58 0.77% 18 0.85% 73 0.97% socling 7 1.32% 30 1.38% 18 0.85% 73 0.97% dialectology 10 0.46% 1 0.04% 15 0.20% overview 29 5.47% 61 2.82% 46 2.17% 182 2.43% ethnographic 2 0.37% 6 0.27% 6 0.28% 21 0.28% bibliographical 1 0.01% unknown 1 0.01% (the statistics are courtesy of Harald Hammarström)#5Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire ADAMAWA LANGUAGES The Adamawa languages of Nigeria: only 3 languages out of 43 (=7%) have a grammar Africa, Libya, Morland mit allen fünigreichen so sú vnsern zeicen darin gefunden werden. Sifpanta Candia Gades Granar Sardinta Sicilia Mare mediterraneum Malta Syrtist perua Colop OWEN Syrast Gagola N Cars Regrum to Barbaria Geraphi Til Сари CATE Cyrise Mauri vie Alexidria A Marmarica Flippa Maban AFRICA( 容易 Ammon Infule C Canaris SATAMA 353 100. ARGY P TVS 7 Syene Caput Abil DATOS Capua Viride Badezor sig ✔ Hodeni Nigrita 8-4-4 Regnum Senega Dars j Gway Cara LIBYA Interior Laca Libya LIBYAB deferum AETHIOPIA Gambex Senegal Regni Cafamanfa regio Ginega Sinus Rabras My Regnum MELLI Imperial Nebeorum Vnd diß groß lande/das ein darren tbeil der weldr begreifft ist zu vnser zeir ein schiffung erfundenn die auß Dispa nia zu den Canarien inseln/vndarnady furbaß siß zum Caput bone spei/dz ift cin tröstliche fchifflendung im aufferste spiz Africe/ vnnd von dannen bißigen Callicur gath/do bar man alle specerey vnd gewürtz bringt, Satolea Cyprus SYRIA Libanure ia Jerufalem tudes ARABIA deferta Medina ARABIA Petren Mare Rubrü ARABIA Felix NVBIAEAA Regn Mero Noble REGNVM Orguent REGNVM Habefth Atra Hamarich Sedes Pre REGNVM te lohan Con Monoculi REGNVM Melinde Tellus Pi QVIOLA Regaum AFRICAE extremitas Caput bong ipe Azania regio Zapala aurifodina de Seylam 起#6Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire ADAMAWA LANGUAGES Adamawa languages are not an established family A 237 Misau AL Bama N1 Chibok Mokolo Biu Maroua Bousso Bauchi Gombe A345 ° Pindiga Mubin Guider goua Bongor Jos Tafawa Balewa rdi Gboko ss River inal Park N16 E Wum Kumbo Bamenda 00 Kumba Loum Buea Google Douala Bafoussam Demsa Gard Yola Lagdo Gashaka Gumti National Park N6 Sundare Bany Camero Tibati Meiganga Kelo Bénoy Moundou Doba ماوند و Gore Bakoum Paqua Goundi Koumra المرة Melfi R Abou-Dela Am Time Kyabé D ام تيمان Akou golongosso Diki Nd Awakaba Reserve de Faune du Kabo Gribingui Bamingui Banmingui Sang Batangafo Kaga Bandoro Bossangoa Bouca Dékoa Centr Afrikaa Repub Bouar Garoua Boulai Baoro Kameroen Yaloke Bossembélé Ketté Carnot Damara Nanga Eboko Bertoua Batouri NTO Berbérati o Gamboula Ouodo Obala Yaoundé Ayos о Edea N3 Boda Mbaiki Bangui Sibut Grimari Ban Lioto Bosobolo Gbi Kaartgegevens 2017 Google Gebruiksvoorwaarden#7Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire lauchi Deben Kasa 204 man lagum Wase Bara Gombe A345 Yankari Game Reserve Yuli Pindiga Mabudi Wurio Nasarawa Kwararfa Namnai A4 Mutum Mbiyu ukari Donga Rafin Kada Demsal Numan Girei Fufore Yola Maya Bele Jada Ganye Hong Balda F Reserve Tungo du Faro Dansers Gashaka Gumti National Park Dodeo Gashaka Takum Baissa Galim Mak Maina ADAGRAM PROJECT Traditional "Adamawa": Bena-Yungur [ɓáná:] (& Bena-Mboi group): Dmitry Idiatov & Mark Van de Velde Baa [bà:] (aka Kwa): Mirjam Müller Sam [sàm] (aka Kpasham): Eveling Villa Wam [wam] (aka Kugama): Lora Litvinova Wom [wom] (aka Kam): Jakob Lesage Not "Adamawa": • . . Fam [fám]: Tope Olagunju Lau [làw] Dmitry Idiatov & Mark Van de Velde Laka (of Lau) [làkà]: Dmitry Idiatov & Mark Van de Velde#8Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire FIRST ADAGRAM SURVEY MISSION First initiative in AdaGram: a survey mission in July-August 2016 ● Team: KWASU ● Tope Olagunju Bitrus Andrew Duration: 25 days in total, 5 villages, 5 languages#9Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire ADAGRAM SURVEY: GOALS . General goal: gather basic lexical and grammatical data for a number of languages of the region about which almost nothing is known Find consultants, practical information and basic linguistic data for the Wom (Kam) and Sam (Kpasham) projects Gather basic lexical and grammatical data on two additional languages of which the genealogical classification is particularly doubtful: Laka of Lau and Fam#10Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire ADAGRAM SURVEY: METHODS . • • Detailed instructions on the data to collect, workflow, recording, metadata, itinerary Basic sociolinguistic data on the language, contacts, pictures, GPS A lexical questionnaire in English and Hausa: 600 words (only the first 500 done) A grammatical questionnaire in English: 143 phrases/sentences to translate and some additional questions Audio recordings: work in batches: writing everything down first, then record record basic metadata about the recording in the recording itself 2 repetitions in isolation, 2 repetitions in a frame PL for nouns, IMP & PFV for verbs, etc. equipment... Work with a group of speakers (but do the recordings with one person)#11Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire Yelwa ° D Wase Mabudi ° Gale Reserve Yuli 0 Namnai A4 Demsa Yolare A345 Lau Kpashn man ngo Mayo Belwa S Jada ADAGRAM SURVEY: ITINERARY Garoua Fufore Yola • Bo . Mutumn Mbiyu Hoké Wangal Ganye 8 Poli Wurio a Mayo Kam • Bantadje Nasarawa Kwararfa Tungo Reserve du Faro A4 Kontcha Sabon Gaa Duna Donkéré Wukari 9 Donga Biam Rafin Kada Takum Lissam Gashaka Gumti National Park Dodeo gnère Gashaka Baissa Mere Ngao Galim Doualavel Manno Kpasham: July 23-31 Lau (with the Laka Lau): July 31 August 5 - Lau (with the Win Lau): August 5 Mayo Kam: August 5-9 Sabon Gida Duna: August 9-17#12Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire 175 THIS IS KPASHAM BATCH B KPASHAN CONS KPASHAM: SAM#13Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire What was available before: - wordlist ca. 350 words with audio KPASHAM: SAM [sàm] Yoder, Zachariah (collector). 2009.. Maya wordlists Kpasham (Adamawa), MPEG/X- WAV. PARADISEC. DOI: 10.4225/72/57029413DB1F7 Blench, Roger. 2009 (ms). The Maya [Yendang] languages. URL: http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/AU/Yandang%20group/#14Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire KPASHAM: SAM What became available after: wordlist ca. 500 words with audio - ca. 140 phrases with audio - - established contacts with the community Eveling Villa is now working on the grammar and documentation of Sam for her PhD VIENNA S#15Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire LAU: LAKA & LAU#16Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire au A4 LAU: LAKA & LAU Two communities in Lau: • Laka ward of Lau (Hausa: Angawan Lakawa, formely Garin Lakawa ‘Laka town') Lau proper#17Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire LAU: LAKA [làkà] What was available before: - The name of the language: Laka, Lau, Laka of Lau, Lau Habe. It is mentioned as an Adamawa language of the Mbum group on the basis of its name alone in: Blench, Roger. 2012. An atlas of Nigerian languages. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation. 278. Laka 2.A Lau, Lao Habe 3. Taraba State, Karim Lamido LGA, at Lau; Yola LGA; and mainly in Cameroon 4. 460 (1952); 500 (1973 SIL) 5. Adamawa-Ubangi: Adamawa: Mbum group Lao Habe = Laka Lau = Laka#18Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire la Jigawa Guri Gashua Bauchi 0 Bauchi Plateau Geidam N'Djamena انجامينا Yobe Potiskum Borno D Extrême- Nord Biu Gombe Mubi O Kaele Taraba Lafia Adamawa Garoua Bamenda Cameroun Bafoussam Chari-Baguirmi شاري باقرمي Mayo-Kebbi مايو Est الشرقية Logone Oriental لوقون الشرقية Ngaoundé ° Paoua Adamaoua Ounem- Pendé ( Nana-Mambéré Bossi Mbumic (15) Central Mbum (5) Mbum Northern Mbum (7) Unclassified Mbum (2) Laka (Nigeria) To Source: Glottolog.org LAU: LAKA#19Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire LAU: LAKA#20Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire LAU: LAKA • Laka of Lau is the Sara language Laka (Laga) (Central Sudanic, SBB, Western SBB, Sara, Central Sara), the only Central Sudanic language of Nigeria (!) Geidam Gashua Yobe Potiskum ba da Biu N'Djamena انجامينا Borno Extrême- Nord Mubi D Kaele Gombe Lafia Adamawa Garoua Cameroun O ليري Lare Ati Mongo وداي بة وسط مونقو ارفور سیلا Sila فير Guer Chari-Baguirmi شاري باقرمي Mayo-Kebbi مايو Est Nord Logone ntal Ngaoundéré Adamaoua Ouham- Pendé Ouham Bossangoa Nana-Mambéré Moyen- ari مويسالا و or Salamat سلامات Bamingui- Bangoran Ködörösése tî Bêafrika République Centrafricaine о Grimari D Birao Vakaga Bria Haute-Kot Ombella M'Poko Bafia Centre Mambéré. Bangui Bertoua Kadéi Mobaye Yakoma ral Yaoundé Lobaye Est Libenge Nord-Ubangi Mb#21Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire LAU: LAKA The list of "varieties" of Laka and some Central Sara languages Laka "varieties" [kābá] [làkà] [ngàmbáj] [sàrà] [mbájdòbà] Central Sara Languages Kaba Laka / Laga Ngambay Sara Mbay Doba = Mango [mge]#22Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire LAU: LAKA Laka (Lau) Laka (Chad) Lau animal dā /dā/ néwkũ COW mangi /màngi/ naw chicken kūnozá /kūnozá/ zaw man cingàw /ìngàw/ jinònwò medicine kumā /kumā/ gâj Laokein, Nemian, Noel Gongoto, Dara Laobeul, Suzan Nangtolatam & John M. Keegan. 2015. Lexique laga. 4th ed. (The Sara Language Project). Cuenca: Morkeg Books. http://morkegbooks.com/Services/World/Languages/SaraBagirmi.#23Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire LAU: LAU [làw] In Hausa, the inhabitants are called Lau haabe 'the indigenous of Lau' (from Fula haabe 'black servants, slaves, blacks (non- Fulani)') In the language itself, the town is Lau [làw] (lit. 'mud') and the inhabitants are [ŵi lâw] ‘people of Lau' and the language is [ŵi lâw mã] 'the language of the people of Lau'#24Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire LAU: LAU Shimizu (1980:42) based on observations by Meek (1931:35) classifies the language of Lau as Jukunoid together with Bandawa, Minda and a number of other groups (but provides no data) The people of Lau (and the surrounding towns of Bandawa, Kwinini, Minda, etc.), though located within twenty-five miles of Kona, do not speak Jukun as their mother tongue. Their language is of a primitive monosyllabic type, but the vocabulary shows a number of resemblances to Jukun, and their close associa- tion with the Jukun is evident from the number of religious cults which they share with the Jukun of Kona. The same remarks apply to the riverain Jen, who, like the Jukun, worship Ma as the (Meek 1931:35)#25Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire LAU: LAU . . The Lau people consulted claimed to speak mutually intelligeable languages with the inhabitants of Kunini, Bandawa and Jeshi. Lau is probably Jukunoid, indeed. We later collected additional data with a speaker of Lau in Ilorin (Kwara State) that we still need to process.#26Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire MAYO KAM: WOM#27Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire MAYO KAM: WOM [wom] What was available before: wordlist ca. 150 words and some phrases Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. (ms). Some notes on Nyiŋɔm (aka Nyingwom or Kam). URL: https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/07/Kam- Nyingwom-notes.pdf#28Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire . What became available after: MAYO KAM: WOM wordlist ca. 500 words with audio ca. 140 phrases with audio established contacts with the community Jakob Lesage is now working on the grammar and documentation of Wom for his PhD#29Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire SABON GIDA DUNA: FAM#30Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire SABON GIDA DUNA: FAM What was available before: wordlist ca. 70 words a provisional classification of the language as Mambiloid. Blench, Roger. 2011 (ms). Fam wordlist and etymological commentary. Blench, Roger. 2012. An atlas of Nigerian languages. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation. [fám]#31Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire SABON GIDA DUNA: FAM AND JACK ONES E#32Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire SABON GIDA DUNA: FAM What become available after: - - - wordlist ca. 700 words with audio ca. 140 phrases with audio list of the villages where Fam is spoken (it is not a single-village language as we used to think) better understanding of the sociolinguistic situation of Fam established contacts with the community somewhat more certain about the classification of Fam as Mambiloid Tope has written his BA term paper on the basic description of Fam#33Langage, Langues et Llacan Cultures d'Afrique Noire AdaGram http://llacan.vjf.cnrs/AdaGram