#1msd WORLD BANK GROUP The Socio Economic Impacts of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso Results from a High Frequency Phone Survey of Households. Round 1 August 12, 2020#2COVID-19 CASES IN BURKINA FASO Background • The Covid-19 - a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus - which was detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019 became a pandemic in early March 2020, impacting societies and the economy at a global scale. • Burkina Faso confirmed the first patient on March 9th, 2020. • As of August 9th, 2020, the country has a total of 1,213 confirmed cases. • Luckily the country experienced only 54 deaths and 995 patient recoveries, as a result, as of August 9th, 2020, there are only 164 active cases. Number of people 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 Total Cases Active cases 0 30-Jan 19-Feb10-Mar30-Mar 19-Apr 9-May 29-May18-Jun 8-Jul 28-Jul 17-Aug Source: https://burkinafaso.opendataforafrica.org/covid-19?lang=fr#3Background (cont.) To contain the pandemic, the Government took social distancing measures... • These measures include: o Movement & Visa restrictions o Schools closure o Health screenings in airports and border crossings ...resulting in limited mobility Change compared to baseline (%) Change compared to baseline (%) Change compared to baseline (%) T Retail and recreation 01mar20 01apr20 01may20 01jun20 01jul20 Transit stations 01mar20 01apr20 01may20 01jun20 Places of residence 01jul20 Change compared to baseline (%) 40-30-20-10 0 10 Change compared to baseline (%) -40-30-20-10 0 10 Change compared to baseline (%) 30-20-10 0 10 TTT Parks 01mar20 01apr20 01may20 01jun20 01jul20 Workplaces 01mar20 01apr20 01may20 01jun20 Grocery and pharmacy 01jul20 01mar20 01apr20 01may20 01jun20 01jul20 Burkina Faso 01mar20 01apr20 01may20 01jun20 01jul20 Other SSA countries Note: The vertical line indicates the lockdown date:21/03/2020; Lockdown type: Full Other SSA countries represents the unweighted average over 25 other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa Source: Burkina Faso COVID-19 Mobility Factsheet (David Newhouse et al.; July, 2020)#44 • Background (cont.) Though the human cost of Covid-19 in Burkina Faso is still limited, the immediate economic cost is likely to be significant. • The WB is projecting a negative growth due to the COVID-19. • . Beyond the health response, the Authorities are yet to design and implement emergency measures to mitigate socio-economic impact of COVID-19. Other countries around the World are taking bold actions such as: 3.0 World Bank GDP growth projections in 2020 2.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 -2.0 -3.0 -3.3 -4.0 -1.4 2.1 -0.7 -0.8 -0.8 • Scaling up of existing social protection • Providing unemployment benefits • tax relief • Etc. Industry Services Net taxes Contribution to GPD growth No Shock Pessimist scenario Agriculture GDP growth Source: World Bank, Economic Update (June 2020)#5Objectives of the High Frequency Phone Survey of Households • To monitor the socio-economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on earnings, employment, health, education, food security, as well as copping strategy, including safety nets. • The survey instrument was designed to be country specific, but also to allow for international comparisons given that the WB has launched similar initiatives in several countries around the World. . . The WB worked jointly with the Institut National de la Statistique et de la Démographie (INSD) for the design and implementation of the survey. Data collection for the 1st round (which is the subject of this presentation) took place between June 9th and July 1st, 2020. 5#6Key Findings (I) Knowledge and Behavior • • . Majority of respondents have a good knowledge of social distancing and preventive measures that one can adopt to reduce the risk of infection with COVID-19. ...and they frequently apply these preventive measures and recommended social behaviors. Respondents are not aware of all actions taken by authorities to curb the spread of the virus; only four actions are named by the majority: closure of markets, yaars, restaurants and bars; closure of places of worship; curfew/lockdown; and ban on gathering of 50 people or more. Access to food, education and health services • • • • • About 1 in 4 households reports that at some point during covid-19, they were unable to access basic food. Unavailability of staple foods was driving mainly by maize, particularly in the southern part of Burkina Faso. A wide range of reasons prohibited access to food: market closure, price increase, limited stock, and lack of transport means. Transport issues are mainly in Ouagadougou; price issues are more severe for poor households. A high proportion (9 in 10) of students remain intellectually active during the Covid-19. They are leveraging mainly on ICT (53.4%). Only 1 in 4 students is in touch with his/her teacher. Despite a need for social distancing, most of those in touch with their teacher are maintaining physical contact, especially those in other urban/rural and the poor. Use of ICT as communication tool is more pronounced in Ouagadougou and for non-poor. Since March 16th, 2 in 5 households declared that they needed health service, mainly because of malaria/fever. The vast majority of those who needed health services were able to get treatment, a sign that there was no disruption in the provision of health services. It is important to note that the questionnaire is not very clear, so treatment could include “traditional treatment”, and/or “self-treatment”. A combination of supply and demand factors affect ability to access health services when needed; but affordability represents the biggest constraint, especially for the poor. 6#7Key Findings (II) Employment and Income • • . Around 10% of respondents used to work before the Covid-19 outbreak but are not working now. Fear of Covid-19 is the second most important reason for stopping work. The economic slowdown due to the COVID-19 has translated in an economywide reduction of income; most employees, non-farm businesses and farm activities experienced a reduction of income. Wage earners who were not able to work as usual were directly affected by reduction of their income as they were not paid. The vast majority of non-farm businesses (72.5%) experienced a reduction of income since March 16th. Non-farm businesses operating in industry and services were most affected. Closure due to Covid-19 and lack of customer are the main reasons for the lower income of non-farm businesses. Since mid-March, most farmers (90.1%) are having difficulties in their activities mainly due to seasonality and Covid-19 related restrictions. Close to half of farmers reports a reduction of prices at which they sale their products. WFP reported in April that food items prices were generally stable despite increase in transport costs. Lower farm gate prices, higher transport costs and stable market prices, point to a possible transmission of increase transport costs to farmers. It means the way COVID affects prices along the value chain will mainly harms farmers (or net producers). About 1 in 5 households used to receive remittances from family/friends, and for most, the amount received has reduced since the Covid-19 outbreak. 7#8The Survey 01 80#9Approach Sample size Coverage Survey period Methodology A phone survey using a sub-sample of the valid household phone numbers (6,877 households out of 7,010 have valid phone numbers) gathered as part of the 2018/19 Harmonized Living Conditions Household Survey (EHCVM). To account for non-response and attrition, 2,500 households were selected out of which 2,062 were contacted; and survey was successfully completed for 1,968 households were fully interviewed during the first round of interviews (82.5% response rate). National, Ouagadougou, other urban, and rural areas. June 9th to July 1st, 2020 (First of 12 Survey Rounds) 6#10The sample distribution of High Frequency Phone Survey (HFPS) is similar to that of the Harmonized Living Conditions Household Survey (EHCVM). Sample households by location Sample households by household head gender Sample households by poverty status 100% 100% 100% 13.9 13.0 90% 90% 90% 80% 80% 80% 70% 70% 70% 68.7 68.3 68.5 70.0 60% 60% 60% 50% 50% 50% 86.2 87.0 40% 40% 40% 30% 30% 30% 15.3 15.5 20% 20% 20% 31.5 30.0 10% 10% 10% 16.0 16.2 0% 0% 0% EHCVM HFPS EHCVM HFPS EHCVM HFPS Ouagadougou Other urban Rural ■Male Female Poor Non-poor 10#11Implementation plan Baseline (Round 1) June 9th to July 1st, 2020 Follow-up (Round 2) July-August 2020 Follow-up (Rounds 3,4,..., 12) Monthly until May 2020 11#12Knowledge & Behavior 02 12#13Majority of respondents have good knowledge of preventive measures & recommended social behaviors "What steps can you take to reduce the risk of infection with coronavirus?" Handwashing/Use of sanitizer Use of mask/gloves No Handshake or physical greetings Avoid crowded places or gatherings with many people Maintain enough distance of at least 1 meter Avoid travel Staying at home and avoid going out unless necessary Avoiding touching your face 86.9 97.7 97.6 96.3 95.0 94.0 92.1 91.5 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0#14....with little differences by location "What steps can you take to reduce the risk of infection with coronavirus?" Handwashing /Use of sanitizer Use of mask/gloves No Handshake or physical greetings Avoid crowded places or gatherings with many people Maintain enough distance of at least 1 meter Avoid travel Staying at home and avoid going out unless necessary Avoiding touching your face 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 ■Ouagadougou Other urban Rural 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0#15....with little differences across welfare distribution "What steps can you take to reduce the risk of infection with coronavirus?" Handwashing/Use of sanitizer Use of mask/gloves No Handshake or physical greetings Avoid crowded places or gatherings with many people Maintain enough distance of at least 1 meter Avoid travel Staying at home and avoid going out unless necessary Avoiding touching your face 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0 Non-poor Poor#16...and they frequently apply these preventive measures & recommended social behaviors. "Since March 09, 2020, are you applying any of the following preventive measures or social behavior?" 100% 9.9 9.8 0.9 5.9 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 97.8 95.0 93.2 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Frequently washing hands No Handshake or physical greetings ■Yes No Not applicable Avoid groups/gatherings of more than 10 people#17...with very little difference across location and poverty status. "Since March 09, 2020, are you applying any of the following preventive measures or social behavior?" Some minor differences on handshaking and crowding between urban and rural areas (esp. Ouagadougou) ...Some minor differences on handshaking and crowding as well between poor and non-poor 100% 9:9 9.0 8 3:4 100% 0.0 9.9 9.0 90% 90% 80% 70% 80% 60% 70% 50% 98.5 40% 97.6 97.7 92.5 97.0 95.2 88.3 93.4 94.3 ། 60% 30% 50% 97.8 97.8 20% 94.3 96.6 92.7 94.5 10% 40% 0% 30% Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Ouagadougou Other urban Rural 20% 10% 0% hands Frequently washing No Handshake or physical greetings Yes ■No Not applicable Avoid groups/gatherings of more than 10 people Non-poor Poor Frequently washing Non-poor Poor Non-poor Poor hands No Handshake or physical greetings Avoid groups/gatherings of more than 10 people Yes No Not applicable#18Respondents are not aware of all actions taken by authorities to curb the spread of the virus; only four actions are named by the majority "What steps has the government/local authorities taken to curb the spread of the coronavirus in your area?" Closure of markets, yaars, restaurants and bars Closure of places of worship Curfew/lockdown Ban on gathering of 50 people or more Closure of schools and universities Restricted domestic travels Advised citizens to stay at home 61.6 55.6 53.8 52.1 41.1 31.1 26.1 22.7 16.9 14.7 13.7 7.8 Closure of non-essential businesses Other 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 Closure of airports / transport companies Quarantine of affected cities Restricted international travels#19...with some differences across location and poverty status "What steps has the government/local authorities taken to curb the spread of the coronavirus in your area?" Closure of markets, yaars,... Closure of places of worship Curfew/lockdown Ban on gathering of 50 people or... Closure of schools and universities Restricted domestic travels Advised citizens to stay at home Closure of airports / transport... Quarantine of affected cities Restricted international travels Closure of non-essential businesses Other 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 Ouagadougou Other urban ■Rural Closure of markets, yaars,... Closure of places of worship Curfew/lockdown Ban on gathering of 50 people or... Closure of schools and universities Restricted domestic travels Advised citizens to stay at home Closure of airports / transport... Quarantine of affected cities Restricted international travels Closure of non-essential businesses Other 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 Non-poor Poor#20Access to food & Social Services 03 20 20#21About 1 in 4 households reports that at some point during covid-19, they were unable to access basic food "Since march 16, 2020, was your household able to buy staple food?" (share saying No) 35.0 30.0 25.5 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 00 Ouagadougou 18.3 Other urban Location 24.6 21.5 29.6 23.9 Rural Non-poor Poor Poverty status All Given the consumption habits, the staple foods considered for this study are: For Ouagadougou: Imported rice/Maize in grain/Corn floor For other urban areas: Maize in grain / Imported rice /Local rice For rural areas: Maize in grain/Sorghum/Millet#22Unavailability of staple foods was driving mainly by maize (in grain or flour), particularly in the southern part of Burkina Faso "Since march 16, 2020, was your household able to buy staple food?" 100% 90% 80% 45.1 52.6 70% 63.3 41.1 60.7 73.3 60% 6.6 50% 11.9 40% 14.3 30% 8.2 5.3 52.4 43.0 20% 33.1 31.4 10% 6.0 31.1 20.7 0% Maize flour Maize in grain Millet Imported rice Local rice Sorghum Able Unable Not tried#23A wide range of reasons prohibited access to food: market closure, price increase, limited stock, and lack of transport means. Transport issues are mainly in Ouagadougou; price issues are more severe for poor households. Reasons not being able to access basic food items varied across location and poverty status 100% 0.0 0.0 5.2 90% 30.1 27.6 24.2 0.0 2.9 10.7 22.9 80% 32.5 70% 8.5 60% 55.5 31.0 37.5 35.9 50% 20.5 25.9 40% 30% 20% 41.4 41.4 35.4 37.4 37.5 32.6 10% 0% Ouagadougou Rural Other urban Non-poor Poor Location Poverty status All ■Local markets not operating / closed Increase in price I Shops have run out of stock Limited / no transportation Restriction to go outside#24A high proportion (9 in 10) of students remain intellectually active during the Covid-19. They are leveraging mainly on ICT (53%) What types of educational activities have these children who were in school been engaged in since the educational structures were closed? Listening to classroom instruction over the radio Watching classroom instruction via television Tutoring by another member of the household No activities Educational television programs watched Other completed print jobs Tutoring by a private tutor Completed printed assignments provided by the teacher They continue to frequent the Daara. Participated in virtual classes with teacher 24.6 16.6 13.3 12.4 9.4 8.2 4.4 3.4 1.3 0.9 Completed online assignments provided by the teacher 0.7 Watch lessons pre-recorded by teacher online 0.6 Mobile learning applications used 0.5 Other completed online assignments 0.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0#25Location and poverty status do matter in the way students engage in learning activities. This can be explained by the spatial pattern of electricity coverage and asset ownership (urban/non-poor people have higher chance to own a TV, while rural/poor people own radio). What types of educational activities have these children who were in school been engaged in since the educational structures were closed? Those in Ouagadougou are more likely to rely on tutoring by another family member; and those in other urban/rural areas are more likely to do nothing or to rely on radio. The use of TV is more pronounced in urban areas. Listening to classroom instruction over the radio Watching classroom instruction via television Tutoring by another member of the household No activities Educational television programs watched Other completed print jobs Tutoring by a private tutor Completed printed assignments Non-poor students are more likely to rely on TV, tutoring by another family member, and private tutor. Listening to classroom instruction over the radio Watching classroom instruction via television Tutoring by another member of the household No activities Educational television programs watched Other completed print jobs Tutoring by a private tutor Completed printed assignments provided by the teacher provided by the teacher 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 Ouagadougou Other urban Rural 0.0 ■Non-poor 5.0 10.0 15.0 Poor 20.0 25.0 30.0#26Only 1 in 4 students is in touch with his/her teacher Proportion of students that remain in touch with their teacher Despite a need for social distancing, most of those in touch with their teacher are maintaining physical contact 25.0 20.0 16.5 15.0 10.0 5.0 20.4 19.1 17.8 Physical contact 20.8 18.4 Telephone (audio) WhatsApp 5.3 0.0 Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Non-poor Poor Location Poverty status All SMS 4.6 Mail 1.0 Facebook 0.6 Online applications | 0.4 Email 0.3 26.3 76.3 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0#27Those is other urban/rural and the poor are more likely to keep physical contact with their teacher. Use of ICT as communication tool is more pronounced in Ouagadougou and for non-poor. Mean of communication with the teacher by location Mean of communication with the teacher by poverty status Physical contact Telephone (audio) WhatsApp SMS Mail Facebook Online applications Email 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 Other urban Rural ■Ouagadougou Physical contact Telephone (audio) WhatsApp SMS Mail Facebook Online applications Email 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 Non-poor Poor#28Despite the COVID-19, most households (49.1%) declared that they were able to buy medicine; however 1 in 4 households were unable to do so. "Since March 16th, was your household able to buy drugs?" 100% 9.1 90% 24.6 23.8 25.2 24.2 27.7 80% 31.9 70% 21.4 25.8 26.7 60% 28.8 26.7 50% 40% 30% 59.1 54.0 50.4 49.1 45.6 46.0 20% 10% 0% Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Location Non-poor Poor Poverty status Able Unable Not tried MY All#29Since March 16th, 2 in 5 households declared that they needed health service, mainly because of malaria/fever Proportion of households that needed health services Main reasons for seeking care 50.0 45.0 45.6 42.0 42.2 41.6 40.3 40.0 36.5 35.0 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Ouagadougo@ther urban Rural Non-poor Poor Location Poverty status All Fever/Malaria Other 17.0 Stomach problems 11.4 Sore throat, cough, cold, flu 8.5 Diarrhea 4.8 Blood pressure problem 4.6 Dental/skin/eye problem 3.7 65.3 Diabetes 1.1 Typhoid Fever 10.8 COVID19 0.0 Meningite 0.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0#30Reason for seeking care is quite similar across location and poverty status, but fever/malaria is slightly more predominant in rural areas Reason for seeking care by location Reason for seeking care by poverty status Fever/Malaria Other Stomach problems Sore throat, cough, cold, flu Diarrhea Blood pressure problem Dental/skin/eye problem Diabetes Typhoid Fever COVID19 Meningite 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Fever/Malaria Other Stomach problems Sore throat, cough, cold, flu Diarrhea Blood pressure problem Dental/skin/eye problem Diabetes Typhoid Fever COVID19 Meningite 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 Non-poor Poor#31The vast majority of those who needed health services were able to get treatment, a sign that there was no disruption in the provision of health services. 100.0 95.6 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Ouagadougou 98.2 Other urban Location 99.3 Rural 98.1 99.9 98.6 Non-poor Poor Poverty status All Note: Questionnaire not very clear, so treatment could include "traditional treatment", and/or "self-treatment"#32A combination of supply and demand factors affect ability to access health services when needed; but affordability represents the biggest constraint, especially for the poor Why were you or the household member unable to access medical treatment? 100% 0.0 0.0 4.1 90% 22.7 20.4 27.0 80% 46.7 70% 22.5 60% 50% 100.0 18.7 40% 75.6 73.0 30% 54.8 20% 34.5 10% 0% Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Non-poor Location Lack of money No medical staff available Poverty status Refused due to lack of space 22.0 21.9 56.2 Poor All#33Coverage of health insurance remains very low, with only 1 in 20 (6.6 percent) of households that are registered Is your household registered with the CMU (universal health coverage) or with a mutual health insurance company? 10.0 9.0 9.4 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.4 4.3 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 0.9 5.2 0.0 Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Non-poor Poor Location Poverty status All#34Since March 16th, 2020, about 1 in 3 households needed a financial service; and the service was easily available to them Proportion of households that needed to use a financial service Proportion that was able to carry out the desired operation(s) 80.0 69.7 70.0 60.0 47.7 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 24.5 40.3 23.9 100.0 97.4 98.6 97.1 97.4 98.0 97.5 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 35.4 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Ouagadougo@ther urban Rural Non-poor Poor Location Poverty status NNY All 0.0 Ouagadougo@ther urban Rural Non-poor Poor Location Poverty status All#35Employment & Income 04 35#36Around 10 percent of respondents used to work before the Covid-19 outbreak but are not working now Labor market situation before and after Covid-19 outbreak 100% 9.1 6.6 6.6 10.4 9.2 90% 20.6 9.5 11.1 12.9 10.5 10.7 80% 13.5 70% 60% 50% 83.9 40% 82.3 78.0 79.1 80.1 65.9 30% 20% 10% 0% Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Non-poor Poor Location Poverty status All I Currently working Stopped working (worked before March) Did not work before and after Covid-19 outbreak#37Fear of Covid-19 is the second most important reason for stopping work Reason for not working, for those who stopped working 100% 4.7 4.3 7.4 4.4 6.5 14.5 90% 16.8 80% 30.6 31.4 28.0 15.4 33.1 7.9 70% 8:8 13.4 6.6 60% 8.7 D 50% 13.4 43 6.0 5.3 652 145 3.% 8.6 40% 12.5 12.6 30% 21.5 64.9 58.1 20% 40.6 15.0 29.6 10% 20.2 7.0 0% Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Location Non-poor Poor Poverty status All Seasonal work Temporarily absent In charge of sick relatives Other Activity at standstill Retirement Prohibition of grouping I Staff reduction due to lack of activity Disease Fear of covid19#383 in 5 workers are on their own account. However, in urban areas, an important proportion of workers are employees Status of occupation for those who are still working despite Covid-19 100% 2.7 9:3 8.5 90% 2.6 14.2 2.2 11.1 80% 29.0 31.2 34.8 18.9 23.8 37.7 70% 8.6 60% 1.3 50% 40% 63.7 62.6 30% 61.2 57.8 58.0 51.8 20% 10% 0% Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Non-poor Poor Location Poverty status All A1 Own account In a family business On a farm Employee Apprentice/Intern#39With 3 in 5 workers, agriculture is by far the most important sector Sector for those who are still working despite Covid-19 Agriculture Commerce 59.3 15.0 Personal Services 7.9 Construction 4.7 Other 4.0 Public Administration 2.2 Education 1.7 Transport 1.1 Health 0.9 Manufacturing Branch 0.8 Mining extraction 0.8 Technical and scientific activities 0.6 Electricity/Water/Gas/Waste 0.5 Tourism 0.2 Banks, insurance, real estate 10.2 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0#40Wage earners (or Employees) who were not able to work as usual were directly affected by reduction of their income as they were not paid Proportion of those who were able to work as usual either from home or at their work place in the last 7 days 80.0 Although you couldn't work as usual, did you get paid? 100% 70.0 66.8 67.8 60.0 90% 80% 59.6 50.5 56.0 70% 47.6 60% 50.0 83.3 87.1 86.9 91.0 87.6 87.2 50% 40.0 40% 30.0 30% 20% 20.0 10% 9.2 0.0 2.2 0.1 1.4 3.1 12.9 11.0 12.3 11.4 7.5 5.9 10.0 0% Ouagadougo@ther urban Rural Non-poor Poor 0.0 Ouagadougo@ther urban Rural Non-poor Poor Location Poverty status All NNY Location Poverty status All Full normal payment Partial payment No payment#41Wage earners in agriculture were less likely to work. This may have large implication for agriculture production in the near future. Payment issues, thus reduction of incomes, affected all sectors Proportion of those who were able to work as usual either from home or at their work place in the last 7 days 70.0 65.8 Although you couldn't work as usual, did you get paid? 100% 60.0 48.5 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 60.5 90% 55.5 80% 70% 60% 86.3 88.3 87.3 92.4 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 13.6 11.3 8.2 0% Agriculture 2.0 Industry Service All AM Full normal payment Partial payment No payment 0.0 Agriculture Industry Service All#42Entrepreneurship is very high, with half of households owning a non-farm business Ownership of non-farm businesses by location and poverty status 70.0 60.0 56.5 54.2 50.0 40.9 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 64.6 52.9 49.4 46.9 46.5 44.5 0.0 Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Location HFPS ECVHM 49.1 47.4 40.8 Non-poor Poor Poverty status All#43Non-farm business: about 3 in 4 non-farm businesses are in services; the vast majority experienced a reduction of income since March 16th, especially those in industry and services. Distribution of non-farm businesses by sector Evolution of non-farm businesses income since March 16th ■ Agriculture; 14.0 100% 4.8 9:3 90% 3.7 3.5 5.2 9.5 80% 37.0 70% Industry; 9.2 60% 50% 76.4 75.6 72.5 40% 30% 52.9 20% 10% 19.4 15.5 14.5 5.4 0% ■Service; 76.9 Agriculture Industry Service All HM ■None Lower Identical Higher#44Non-farm business: Differences across location and poverty status are minors. Distribution of non-farm businesses by sector, location, and poverty status 100% Evolution of non-farm income since March 16th by sector, location, and poverty status. 90% 100% 90% 2.0 3.2 3.9 3.0 4.6 3.5 10.0 10.1 9.6 9.4 9.5 80% 80% 70% 70% 74.1 72.9 60% 83.7 81.8 78.7 76.9 60% 50% 50% 80.0 69.7 74.0 69.1 72.5 76.9 40% 40% 30% 30% 20% 8.3 10.4 8.6 9.2 20% 10.0 10% 12.2 17.6 16.7 10% 12.7 14.0 16.3 8.2 11.8 9.9 13.3 16.9 14.5 0% 0% Ouagadougo@ther urban Rural Non-poor Poor Ouagadougo@ther urban Rural Non-poor Poor Location Poverty status All Location Poverty status NNY All Agriculture Industry Service ■None Lower Identical Higher#45Closure due to Covid-19 and lack of customers are the main reasons for the lower income of non-farm businesses. Reason for having lower income by location and poverty status Reason for having lower income by sector 100% 100% 4.7 8.3 6.7 8.5 7.3 7.3 7.3 12.9 90% 6.4 7.5 8.5 90% 13.3 10.6 10.8 8.4 8.5 4.4 80% 80% 30.0 19.8 70% 27.3 28.1 70% 60% 30.1 29.9 17.5 28.0 28.1 60% 40.0 50% 50% 12.9 0.3 2.3 40% 30% 57.9 61.8 40% 7.6 52.5 50.0 20% 44.5 44.0 30% 52.6 50.0 10% 20% 44.1 34.4 0% 10% Ouagadougo@ther urban Rural Non-poor Poor 0% Poverty status All Service Total Location Closure of the establishment due to Covid-19 ■Closure of the establishment for another reason Seasonal closure No customers Lack of raw materials ■Cannot move/transport products Need to care for a loved one Other Agriculture Industry Closure of the establishment due to Covid-19 ■Closure of the establishment for another reason Seasonal closure No customers Lack of raw materials ■Cannot move/transport products Need to care for a loved one Other#46Farms: about 3 in 4 households are involved in agricultural activities; agriculture is mainly concentrated among poor and rural areas 100.0 90.0 91.3 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 15.5 10.0 41.6 63.3 89.8 71.3 山 Poverty status Poor All 0.0 Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Non-poor Location#47Farms: Since mid-March, most farmers are having difficulties in their activities mainly due to seasonality and Covid-19 related restrictions Share having issues with farms activities since mid March Reasons for not being able to conduct farm activities as usual 100.0 91.0 91.2 88.2 89.4 90.1 90.0 80.0 72.5 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Ouagadougo@ther urban Rural Non-poor Poor Location Poverty status NNY All Seasonal activity Advice to stay at Home Restriction of travel / trip Inability to acquire or move inputs 11.0 Unable to sell or transport production 8.4 Need to care for a loved one 1.3 Lack of availability of manpower | 0.5 19.0 29.0 41.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0#48Farms: Reasons for not being able to conduct farm activities vary across location and poverty status. Reasons for not being able to conduct farm activities as usual by location Seasonal activity Advice to stay at Home Restriction of travel / trip Inability to acquire or move inputs Unable to sell or transport production Need to care for a loved one Lack of availability of manpower Reasons for not being able to conduct farm activities as usual by poverty status Seasonal activity Advice to stay at Home Restriction of travel/trip Inability to acquire or move inputs Unable to sell or transport production Need to care for a loved one Lack of availability of manpower 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Note: Only 12 observations for Ouagadougou Non-poor Poor#49Close to half of the farmers reports a reduction of prices at which they sale their products Compared to this time last year, the price you received for your product was...? 29.2 42.5 45.9 51.3 53.3 III 54.8 100% 90% 80% 35.9 70% 60% 50% 40% 58.6 30% 20% 10% 0% 5.5 Ouagadougou Other urban Rural Location 15.9 42.4 39.9 33.5 34.5 15.2 15.1 12.2 14.2 Non-poor Poor Poverty status All Higher The same Lower Note: WFP reported in April that food items prices were generally stable despite increase in transport costs. Lower farm gate prices, higher transport costs and stable market prices, point to a possible transmission of increase transport costs to farmers. It means the way COVID affects prices along the value chain will mainly harms farmers (or net producers).#50About 1 in 5 households used to receive remittances from family/friends, and for most (49.5%), the amount received has reduced since the Covid-19 outbreak Proportion of households that received remittances from family/friends since March 16th Evolution of remittances from family/friends compared to the period before March 16, 2020 40.0 34.3 35.0 30.0 24.3 25.0 100% 90% 33.2 80% 47.5 52.7 52.9 49.5 54.8 70% 60% 22.9 22.0 19.7 50% 20.0 18.5 40% 15.0 30% 35.6 44.8 40.9 26.5 37.0 35.3 20% 10.0 10% 22.0 18.7 11.7 11.8 11.7 13.5 5.0 0% Ouagadougo@ther urban Rural Non-poor Poor 0.0 Ouagadougo@ther urban Rural Non-poor Poor Location Poverty status All Location Poverty status All Increased Remained the same Diminished#51Thank you 51