#1UNITED ERNATIONAL wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities USAID/WASHplus Bangladesh Assessing Consumer Needs, Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Improved Cookstoves AGENCY COPMENT DEVELOPM USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE Presented by WASHplus September 2013#2wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities What is WASHplus? WASH plus is a five-year (2010-2015) cooperative agreement funded through USAID's Bureau for Global Health, managed by FHI 360 with Winrock and CARE as core partners. WASH plus supports healthy households and communities by creating and supporting interventions that lead to improvements in access, practice and health outcomes related to water supply, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and indoor air pollution (IAP). USAID/Bangladesh requested WASH plus assistance in exploring key consumer issues to contribute to CCEB, Global Alliance and other stakeholder efforts. Cross-cutting collaboration/funding (USAID Health and Energy, Asia Regional Bureau, Bangladesh mission; and State/GPI) AGENCY USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE UNITED STATESA USAID ERNATIONAL#3wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Challenges If improved cookstoves have so many benefits, why is the problem so difficult to solve? 1. No "one size fits all" cookstove 2. Lab performance # field performance 3. The "best" stoves can be unappealing to cooks 4. Stove “stacking" is the norm 5. Lack of IAP health risk awareness 6. Poverty 7. Higher priorities for $ 8. Lack of HH purchase decision making power UNITED STATESA USAID AGENCY TERNATIONAL USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE#4UNITE ERNATIONAL wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Behavior Change Improved cookstove adoption depends on: 1. Access 2. Affordability (including financing) 3. Decision making power for purchases 4. Awareness and prioritization But getting a stove into someone's home is only half the battle.... Sustained improved cookstove use depends on: 1. Correct operation and maintenance 2. Fuel availability and requirements 3. Cooking needs 4. Stoves "delivering" benefits consumers want WASHplus also focuses on other BC techniques to lower exposure BC of users AND implementers USAID AGENCY DEVELOPMEN USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE#5UNITED STATES USAID ERNATIONAL AGENCY Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities wash plus Bangladesh Study Objectives Phase 1: Consumer needs, preferences, and willingness to pay to increase the adoption and correct and consistent use of improved cookstoves in Bangladesh. (Dec 2012 - May 2013) Phase 2: Marketing and behavior change strategy, evidence-based approaches to increase the uptake of stoves, practical "how-to" tools. Tools and resources for other Asia regional cookstove programs and implementers. (June - Dec 2013) Strong focus on evidence-based programming and gender. Builds on USAID-funded Winrock market assessment and other regional inputs. Results will feed into Bangladesh Mission's CCEB program, Global Alliance activities, Bangladesh Country Action Plan, World Bank/IDCOL activities. DEVELOPMEN USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE#6wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Current Options: UNITED STATES ERNATIONAL USAID AGENCY ઐdD1 USAID Left: Traditional sunken-hole stove (2 pot version) FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE Right: Bondhu chula; the current model of improved stove most widely disseminated in Bangladesh. Built-in place chimney stove.#7. . wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Consumer Preference Trials In home testing over time Phase 1: Household consumer preference trials: 5 stove types * 3 homes ea. * 2 divisions. * 4 villages ea. = 120 hh Barisal (south) villages: Billobari, Bihangal, Ichakathi, and Gonpara Sylhet (NW) villages: Jangail, Kewa, Tilargaon, and Kunarchor Representative of market - wood as primary fuel Semi-structured questionnaires- qualitative and quantitative ✓ Installation and baseline 3 day initial assessment/problem solving visit ✓ 21 day final survey Willingness to pay assessment, 2 methods Kitchen Performance Tests SUMS monitoring • IAP monitoring UNITED STATES TERNATIONAL USAID AGENCY DEVELOPMEN USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE#8wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities घुला 5 Stoves Tested With focus on type, not brand per se EcoZoom Dura Envirofit Z3000 Prakti LeoChimney Greenway Smart Stove Alpha Renewable Energy Eco Chula ATIONAL DEVELO FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE#9AGENCY wash plus Consumer Preference, WTP Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE EcoZoom Dura ➤ Single-pot portable rocket-design stove Mass manufactured in China by Shenzhou Stove Manufacturers, sold globally Ceramic combustion chamber with refractory metal liner, reinforced metal doorframe, carry handles and removable stick support system http://ecozoom stove.com/portfolio-type/zoom-dura/ UNITED STATESA USAID ERNATIONAL#10wash plus Consumer Preference, WTP Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Envirofit Z3000 Single-pot built-in-place rocket- design stove ➤Imported stainless steel body and cast iron drip pan, with mud/bricks built around it on-site Requires 2-3 days to dry before use Cheapest of the 5 stoves, most like traditional and bondhu chula UNITED STATES USAID NTERNATIONAL AGENCY USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE http://www.envirofit.org/products/?pid=3/#11wash plus Consumer Preference, WTP Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities ས sche ASOD Prakti LeoChimney ➤Two-pot metal chimney stove ➤ Stove imported and chimney constructed locally in Bangladesh by tinsmiths ➤ Currently used primarily in Nepal and India Second burner has lower fire- power; first burner should be used for boiling. UNITED STATESA USAID AGENCY TERNATIONAL USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE http://www.praktidesign.com/leo-wood.html#12AGENCY Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities wash plus Consumer Preference, WTP USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE Greenway Smart Stove Single-pot portable natural draft gasifier stove Natural draft air mixing allows for more complete combustion and therefore lower emissions than a typical rocket or other non-draft improved stove Stainless steel combustion chamber ➤ Currently sold in Bangladesh http://www.grameen infra.blogspot.in USAID ERNATIONAL#13wash plus Consumer Preference, WTP Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Alpha Renewable Energy Eco Chula ➤ Single-pot portable fan (forced air) gasifier stove ➤ Battery-powered with solar battery charger Stainless steel body Most complete combustion, so lowest fuel use and total emissions Comes in 4 sizes UNITED STATESA USAID AGENCY TERNATIONAL USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE gar http://www.sujalaam.com/eco-chula.html#14wash plus Our Study Sample Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities ● Barisal (south) villages: Billobari, Bihangal, Ichakathi, and Gonpara Sylhet (NW) villages: Jangail, Kewa, Tilargaon, and Kunarchor Most families 4-5 people; average size of 5.3 Primary wood fuel usage • Poor, but not the very bottom of the pyramid ● AGENCY All participants were 16-65 years old; about 60% of participants were cooks below 35 years old USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE UNITED STATESA USAID ERNATIONAL#15UNITED STATESA USAID wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities • ● Key Findings Still, households felt ALL STOVES WERE GOOD STOVES and recognized many benefits NONE of the 5 stoves (as currently produced) meet all or even most – consumer needs - However NONE would completely replace traditional stoves Cook satisfaction with the improved stoves DECREASED over the 3 week trial when compared to their responses after 3 days of use • Consumers most appreciated the Prakti and Eco- Chula stoves, with the preference for each stove varying by district AGENCY TERNATIONAL USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE#16wash plus Decreasing Satisfaction Over Time Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Number Preferring ICS over Traditional Stove, at 3 Day and 3 Week Envirofit Greenway EcoZoom EcoChula Prakti 3 Day 3 Week 0 5 10 15 20 Number of responses n = 101 # of stoves Envirofit = 20 Greenway = 21 EcoZoom = 19 Eco-Chula = 20 Prakti = 21#17wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities 00 8 Preferences by District Number of Cooks Preferring ICS to Traditional Stove, by District at 3 Weeks 7 Number of responses UNITED STATES USAID ERNATIONAL AGENCY J m 2 1 0 Prakti Grameen Greenway Envirofit Eco-Chula EcoZoom USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE n = 118 Barisal ■Sylhet#18wash plus Overall Non-relative Opinions Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Improved Cookstove is Good UNITED STATES A USAID ERNATIONAL AGENCY Percentage 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Envirofit Prakti Greenway EcoZoom Eco-Chula USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE n = 101#19wash plus What did people like Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities about the stoves? Well manufactured Less soot/cleaner Looks nice Less firewood/fuel Portable/good handle Emits less smoke Cooks food quickly Easy to light UNITED STATESA USAID NTERNATIONAL AGENCY USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE#20wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Problems Not stable while stirring Ash builds up quickly Problems Encountered & Solutions Suggested by Users Cannot cook in second pot due to lack of heat Cannot cook large quantities of food like rice and takes longer to cook larges quantities Fuel chamber small so wood fall off the opening and charred wood and embers fall out Cannot use large wood pieces/cannot chop wood pieces, cannot effortlessly feed wood. Flame does not spread Difficult to ignite, and add small wood pieces, Pots become black and difficult to clean. Solutions Make the stove stable Add ash tray Increase heat in the second pot by placing fuel chamber between first and second pot Larger sizes of stoves should be available Fuel chamber should be larger Address problems related to wood size Flame should reach vessel and be visible -These 'changes' or 'solutions' revealing, but not something recommended for modifications/ implementation#21wash plus Problems Identified by Cooks Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Difficult to add small pieces from top Not stable while stirring Ash builds up quickly Longer to cook larger amounts Can't cook rice in large quantities Pots become black/difficult to clean Cooking Problems n = 118 UNITED STATESA USAID AGENCY TERNATIONAL USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE Fuel chamber small Greenway Eco-Chula EcoZoom Envirofit Prakti Can't use large pieces of wood Don't like/difficult to chop wood into small pieces Difficult to ignite (smoky) Charred wood/embers fall out of tray Wood falls out of opening *Flame doesn't spread 5 10 15 20 25 Number of responses # of stoves: Greenway 24 Eco-Chula = 24 EcoZoom = 23 Envirofit 24 Prakti = 23 =#22wash plus Suggested "Improvements" Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Changes to Make Stove Better Make more stable Add ash tray Second pot more heat Chamber between first &... Stove should be larger Address problem of wood... *Have flame reach vessel... UNITED STATES A USAID ERNATIONAL AGENCY *Chamber should be... USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE 0 5 10 15 20 Number of responses 25 n = 118 Greenway Eco-Chula EcoZoom Envirofit Prakti - # of stoves: Greenway = 24 Eco-Chula = 24 EcoZoom = 23 Envirofit = 24 Prakti= 23#23wash plus Who would buy stoves? Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities What Kind of People Would Use Frequency This (These) New Stoves? UNITED STATESA USAID AGENCY TERNATIONAL USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE % n = 120 Small families 54 42 Modern people Thrifty people 52 43 25 21 Simple, ordinary family 16 13 Someone people respect 11 9 People/families living in cities 9 8 Small families who buy fuel 8 7 Smart people 8 7 People living in rented apartment 7 6 Rich families 4 3 Bachelor 3 3#24UNITED STATES USAID TERNATIONAL wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Kitchen Performance Tests Funded through S-GPI Grant Best practice for accurately estimating daily household fuel consumption Three-day fuel weighing monitoring Cross-sectional study design 116 study households, 24 control households IAP monitoring in a subset of 7 households: PM 2.5 and CO KPT findings • AGENCY DEVELOPMEN Households using all but one model of improved stove. (alongside their traditional stove) used 16-30% less fuel Households using the one built-in-place stove (Envirofit) used 17% more fuel - installation and consumer education problem? All stoves reduced IAP USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE#25wash pluStove Use Monitoring System (SUMS) Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Button-sized temperature sensing data-loggers Tracks actual stove usage • Used on all improved stoves and half of existing traditional stoves in study homes SUMS findings ● All homes used improved stoves, but none did so exclusively All homes used ALL stove less once we stopped coming to do daily Measurements! UNITED STATESA USAID AGENCY TERNATIONAL USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE#26wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Willingness to Pay Auction: 105 study participants given the option to purchase the stoves at the market value. Only one opted to do so, and a second nonparticipant neighbor purchased a stove. Buy back: 15 households were offered the stoves as gifts, then given an option of a cash buyout at market value. Only three opted for the (relatively significant) cash; the other 12 preferred to keep their stove! When acquisition barriers were removed, householders valued the stoves. AGENCY USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE UNITED STATESA USAID TERNATIONAL#27wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities WTP Stove Values Stove model Stove Buy-back Stove Buy-back value offer, lowest value offer, lowest (US$) sale price (BD taka) sale price (US$) (BD taka) Prakti 70 38 5000 3000 Greenway 45 29 3300 2400 Envirofit 40 24 3000 2000 Eco-Chula 70 54 5000 4300 EcoZoom 35 19 2600 1600 UNITED STATESA USAID AGENCY TERNATIONAL ઐdD1 USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE#28wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities Next Steps Need for stove design improvements for the Bangladesh market and further consumer preference testing! WASHplus Bangladesh Phase 2 runs through Dec: ― Develop a generic marketing and behavior change strategy - ― Identify key segments most ready to purchase ICS - ― Apply a "4Ps" analysis (product, place, price and - promotion) to the Bangladesh cookstove market: product, place, price and promotion for each segment ― Concept test key elements of these approaches; and - - ― Develop practical "how-to" tools to contribute to the goals. and results of USAID energy and health objectives in Bangladesh UNITED STATESA USAID AGENCY ERNATIONAL USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE#29wash plus Supportive Environments for Healthy Communities UNITED STATESA USAID AGENCY TERNATIONAL WASHplus Contacts Elisa Derby, WASH plus HHE/IAP Specialist Winrock International 617-524-0466 [email protected] Julia Rosenbaum, WASH plus Deputy Director and Senior Behavior Change Specialist FHI 360 202-884-8838 [email protected] Karabi Dutta WASHplus Household Energy Specialist [email protected] Kathrin Tengenfeldt Country Representative, FHI360 [email protected] http://www.washplus.org USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE