#1Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in PAKISTAN Muhammad Afzal¹, Manzoor Hussain² and R. H. Usmani³ ¹Project Coordinator, 2National Project Director, GCP/PAK/123/USA, FAO Pakistan Office, Islamabad and ³Animal Husbandry Commissioner (Chief Veterinary Officer), Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Government of Pakistan#2Improvement in FMD diagnosis 8 labs in Pakistan (Islamabad, Peshawar, Lahore, Tandojam, Karachi, Quetta, Gilgit, Mirpur) fully functional for FMD virus serotyping by ELISA - Molecular diagnostics (PCR – conventional and real time) and virus isolation working at NVL • NVL participating in proficiency testing program of World Reference Lab, Pirbright • Development of an harmonized (central and provincial) Laboratory Information Management System#3Surveillance for FMD Field Vet (Sample Collection & Treatment kits provided) Lab Result FMD Samples Re-filling of Kits Outbreak Report Confirm sample receipt TAD Officer Diagnostic Lab Lab results Lab results Chief Veterinary Officer Epidemiology node Essentials Awareness of field staff and dairy farmers Provision of sample collection and dispatch material Respond back with outbreak handling Lab results Outbreak report & Training of veterinary staff Cover expenditure of sample collection and dispatch Report back to field staff on lab findings#4Province FMD Virus Serotypes (Jan - Dec 2012) Total FMD Outbreak (#) due to serotype outbreaks O A Asia-I ELISA Negative Mixed Outbreaks Punjab 164 72 19 28 17 28 Sindh 686 394 51 97 33 111 Khyber 120 24 6 15 20 55 Pakhtunkhwa Balochistan 19 7 3 2 7 Gilgit-Baltistan 7 1 2 1 3 FATA 4 3 1 AJK 60 22 18 1 19 Islamabad 28 11 5 5 7 Total 1088 533 103 147 74 231 Afzal et al, 2014. FAO Project Progressive Control of FMD in Pakistan#5Iran Reported FMD Outbreaks in Pakistan (2012) Chagai Kech Arabian Sea Afghanistan Washuk Panjgur Gwadar Killa Abdullah Pishin Killa Saifullah Zhob Ziarat Loralai Quetta Harnai Nushki Mastung Kharan Awaran Bolan 図の Kohlu Chitral Ghizer 13 Damir Upper Kohistan Dr Swal Lower Dir Shangla Bajaur 45 Mohmand Malakand Buner Cha 5 Mardan Charsada Swabi Khyber Peshawar 11 Harbur 11 Gilgit Neelum 18 Kurram Orakz $28 slamabad udhno Attock Hangi Kohat Rawalpindi 32 Mirpur Hunza Nagar Astore Karak North Waziristan 11 Chikw eum South Waziristan - Tank FRkki Lakki Ma Marwat Tan 5 3 Mianwal Mandi Khushab D. I. Khan Sheran FR Bhakkar Chiniot D 10 Jhang Bahauddin 14 Sialkot 2 Gujranwala 34 Sargodha Hafizabad 8Sheikhupura Faisalabad Nankana Sahib Lahore Kasuri Lelahi Musakhel Toba Tek Singh 6 Okara Sahiwal D. G. Khan Khanewal Pakpattan Barkhan Muzaffargarh Vehari Multan Lodhran Rajanpur Lehri Dera 76 Kalat Bugti Bahawalpur v Nasirabad Sohbatpur Rahim Yar Khan Kashmore l 9 Shikarpur Ghotki Qambar Shahdadkot Khuzdar Sukkur Karachi 695 Naushahr Dadu Faroza) Khairpur Benazirabad Sanghar Jamshoro Matari Tando Hyderabad Allah Yar Mirpu Khas Umer Kot Tam Muhammad Bedin Khan Tharparkar Narowal China Skardu Chanche India Legend Provincial Boundary District Boundary Type of outbreaks A о A & O Asia-1 A&O & Asia-1 O & Asia-1 Untyped * Figures indicate number of outbreaks in the district 0 40 80 160 240 320 Kilometers#6A+O, 5 Asia 1, 15 Regional/Provincial Distribution of FMD outbreaks in Pakistan (2012) 7 Asia 1+0, 15 ELISA Negative, 55 A, 6 O, 24 0,3 A, 3 A+0,2 0,7 A, 5 ELISA Negative, 1 ELISA Negative, 7 Asia 1, 5 ELISA Negative, 7 0,11 19 Balochistan Sindh Sindh 686 120 KPK 28 AJK ICT 60 FATA> 164 Punjab GB Disputed Territor A+O, 1 A+O, 1 ELISA Negative, 3 Asia 1, 2 A, 1 A, 18 ELISA Negative, 19 0,22 A+Asia 1, 1 Asia 1+0, 14 A+O, 2 Asia 1+0, 21 A+Asia 1, 4 ELISA Negative, A+0,8 111 ELISA Negative, 27 Asia 1, 28 Asia 1, 97 A, 51 0,394 A, 19 0,72#7FMD Virus Serotypes (January-December 2013) Province ELISA Total FMD Outbreaks (#) due to serotype outbreaks Negative A Asia-I Mixed Outbreaks Punjab 177 65 47 21 3 41 Sindh 2364 991 959 80 22 22 312 Khyber 171 61 44 2 17 47 Pakhtunkhwa Balochistan 42 15 3 1 23 Gilgit-Baltistan 7 2 I 5 FATA 18 14 11 I 7 AJK 89 31 25 5 28 Islamabad 6 1 2 2 1 Total 2874 1166 1091 110 48 459 Afzal et al, 2014. FAO Project Progressive Control of FMD in Pakistan#8Iran Reported FMD Outbreaks in Pakistan (2013) Afghanistan Killa Abdullah Pishin Killa Saifullah Chlo Ghizer Upper 14 Dir Swat Kohistani Gilgit Lower Bajaur 45 Shang Batagram Neelum 13 Tor 2 Mansehra Mohmand 412 Char Muzal Mardan Charsadda Swabi 16 Abbot 4 Khyber Peshawowshera Kurram rakza Rangu Attock Kotli 13 FR 10 Karak North Waziristan Bennu Bannu South FR Lakki Lakk 5 Marwat Marwat Tank Chakwal Jhelum Mianwall Gujrat Waziristan Tank 6 Mandi Bahauddin 21 22 Sialkot Khushab Sargodha Gujranwala Hafizabad D.I. Khan Sheikhupura Sheran Bhakkar Chiniot 2 FR 16 Nankana Sahib Zhob Faisalabad Jhang Kasur Leiah 35 Musakhel Okara 1 164 D. G. Khan Bahawalnagar Khanewal Pakpattan 22 Muzafergultan Vehari Lodhran 16 Ziarat Loralai Quetta Harnai Mastung Nushki Bolan Chagai Kharan Kech Arabian Sea Washuk Panjgur Gwadar Kalat Huzdar Sibi Kohlu Rajanpur Lahri Dera Bugt 16 Bahawalpur Nasirabad Sohbatour Jhal Magsi Kashm acobabad Yar Khan 6 Shikarpur Ghotki Qambar Shahdadkot Larkana Sukkur Dadu Naushahro Ferozo 23 Khairpur 3 Sh. Benazirabad Awaran 7 Jamshoro 54 Matiari Sanghar 3 Hyderb Alah Yar Mirpur Umer Kot Khas 14 Tande Muhammad 3 2189 крап Tharparke Badin Hunza Nagar Skardu Astore Narowal China Ghanche + India Legend Provincial Boundary District Boundary Type of outbreaks Type A o A & O A & Asia-1 A&O & Asia-1 O & Asia-1 Untyped * Figures indicate number of outbreaks in the district 0 40 80 160 240 320 Kilometers#9Genotypes of FMD virus (2012-13) Serotype Genotype Reporting Lab O PanAsia-2ANT-10 WRL, Pirbright Unnamed PIADRC, New York A Iran-05 FAR-11 Iran-05SIS-12 WRL, Pirbright Asia-1 Sindh 08 PIADRC, New York WRL, Pirbright PIADRC, New York#10Province FMD Virus Serotypes (January-March 2014) Total FMD outbreaks Outbreaks (#) due to ELISA Not Yet serotype Negative Tested A Asia- Mixed Outbreaks Punjab 188 142 7 1 10 26 2 Sindh 486 136 13 6 2 37 292 Khyber 166 85 10 4 67 Pakhtunkhwa Balochistan 129 32 18 23 56 Gilgit- 2 2 Baltistan FATA 19 13 - 6 AJK 363 119 1 69 174 Islamabad 24 15 3 1 2 3 - Total 1377 544 51 12 15 231 524#11Awareness raising of livestock farmers Province / Area Seminars # Farmers trained # Punjab 23 766 Sindh 11 605 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 21 1149 Balochistan 00 8 192 FATA 6 215 Gilgit-Baltistan 2 52 Azad Jammu & Kashmir 24 24 787 Islamabad 1 47 Total 97 3813 January 2012 – March 2014 -#12Capacity building of field and laboratory staff Province/Area Workshops # Vets trained # Kits provide # Punjab 16 446 295 Sindh 10 317 259 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 5 162 116 Balochistan 5 147 123 FATA 3 77 Gilgit-Baltistan 1 Azad Jammu & Kashmir 3 100 280 Islamabad 1 29 Total 40 1298 965 ྀ ཙི $ དེ སྦྱ January 2012 - March 2014#13Vaccine used in Pakistan Vaccine 2012 •Serotype O - PanAsia-2 •Serotype A - Iran 05 •Serotype Asia-1 Shamir •Concentration of all strains in the vaccine > 6 PD50 Vaccine 2013 - 2014 Serotype O-PanAsia-2 Serotype A - Turkey 06 Serotype Asia-1 - Sind 08 Concentration of all strains in the vaccine > 6 PD 50#14Vaccination in dairy colonies Dairy Colony Farms # Animals # Initial New Total Khalsa area Peshawar 330 10000 2382 12382 Landhi, Karachi 27 6761 8730 15491 Nagori Society, Karachi 28 4839 6113 10952 Rakh Chandra Rai Lahore 183 7014 2686 9700 Eastern bypass, Quetta 16 3927 307 4234 Quary Road, Quetta 33 7567 4396 11963 Livestock farms, Mirpur 30 945 945 Suhan & Tarlai Islamabad 278 6529 6529 Total 925 47582 24614 72196 No evidence of clinical disease in vaccinated animals#15Vaccination in Smallholders Rural Production System District Villages # Farmers # Animals # Initial New Total Rahim Yar Khan 5 810 7014 612 7626 Jhang 4 704 4189 250 4439 Attock Nausheroferoz Tando Allahyar 3 22 910 5000 5000 24 722 3314 3314 12 689 2341 2341 Thatta Matiari Abbottabad DI Khan 85 55 210 3650 3650 543 5590 5590 1199 4702 60 4762 618 4990 52 5042 Nowshera 5 590 4195 820 5015 Pishin 4 295 3207 960 4167 Lasbella 4 346 2818 2818 Bolan 6 290 3230 3230#16Vaccination in Smallholders Rural Production System District Villages # Farmers # Animals # Initial New Total Muzaffarabad 6 2288 3480 2070 5550 Mirpur 14 1002 3451 49 3500 Rawalakot 11 2768 3874 426 4300 Ghizer 4 910 7000 7000 Gilgit 4 750 5177 5177 Skardu 4 1012 2928 2928 Mohmand Agency 5 664 3816 123 3939 Bajur Agency 5 1628 4517 102 4619 FR DI Khan 2 195 2500 2500 145 19143 91956 96507 Total No evidence of clinical disease in vaccinated animals#17Vaccination at rural livestock breeding farms Province Farms # Animal # Punjab 18 8890 Sindh 5 1064 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 5 735 Balochistan Total 28 10689 No case of FMD recorded in vaccinated animals in last 8 months in Punjab#18• Expanding Vaccination Program Farmers' demand to expand vaccination program • Cost sharing approach introduced recently • Animals included in the program = 6845 • Tagging, primary vaccination, booster dose and six monthly vaccination Clinical and serological monitoring#19FMD Outbreak Control Policy • Movement control advice • • • Treatment of sick animals Zoo-sanitary measures Ring vaccination#20Sero-monitoring of FMD virus circulation Dairy Production System Samples NSP Antibodies Tested (#) Positive (#) % Positive Mirpur- Dairy Farms 323 160 49.5 Mirpur-Smallholder Rural 309 73 23.6 Production Muzzafarabad- 254 9 3.5 Smallholder Rural Production Rawalakot- Smallholder 270 23 8.5 Rural Production#21FMD Vaccination in Desert Cattle Farming Sero-monitoring showed wide spread FMD virus circulation Area Toba # Blood NSP % samples # antibody Positiv positive # e Greater Cholistan 5 102 74 72.5 Lesser Clolistan 7 Total 305 199 65.2 12 407 273 67.1 Demonstration of FMD control through vaccination in animals of selected farmers in Greater and Lesser Cholistan 7500 animals, ear tagged, given primary and booster vaccination Clinical and sero-monitoring of vaccinated herds#2270 888 90 80 Immune response of buffaloes to FMD vaccines 60 Me50 P.I value 40 30 20 HN WA 10 0 干 + ☑ 90 80 70 Group A 60 Group B Group C 50 Mean Group D P.l value 40 H Group E 30 Group F T 20 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 10 Days post vaccination 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Days post vaccination Serotype A 90 80 70 60 Mean 50 P.I value 40 Serotype Asia-1 3290 30 20 10 0 Group A Group B Group C E Group D Group E Group F 30 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 Days post vaccination Group A Group B Group C -Group D Group E Group F Serotype O#23● . FMD Vaccination in Yak Trial started in Ghizer district (9 villages). Total Yak population of these villages is 3417 Vaccination was done in 2193 yaks while 1224 yaks acted as unvaccinated control Yaks were ear tagged, given primary and booster dose and six monthly vaccination Blood samples taken from yak for sero-surveillance (day 0) - 66 out of 136 i.e. 48.5% were positive for FMD-NSP antibodies before vaccination Vaccine response and outbreak data being recorded Yaks gave higher ELISA titres following FMD vaccination, titres continued to decline and were still better than pre- vaccination titres at six months following booster vaccination No clinical outbreak recorded in vaccinated animals while one FMD outbreak (approx 2000 yaks affected with serotype A) recorded in July 2013 in Nala Khukhush in district Ghizer#24• . . Risk-based FMD Control Program for Pakistan Strategic objective To progressively reduce the burden of clinical FMD in the dairy sector in Pakistan Overall strategic approach At first stage address FMD control in sectors having high incidence and are candidates for virus maintenance i.e. Dairy Colonies and dairy animal breeding areas Components of Control Program - - - - - Component objective 1: To sustain and further strengthen the diagnostic laboratory capacity at central and peripheral level Component objective 2: Sustain and strengthen the surveillance system for FMD and create a national FMD information centre Component objective 3: To promote a progressive and more extensive use of good quality vaccine against FMD Component objective 4: Improving the legal framework for FMD control Component objective 5: Promote a more intensive involvement of stakeholders for FMD control#25USDA EA F 119 Acknowledgements FAS for Financial Assistance, ARS (Dr Luis Rodriguez, Dr. Zaheer Ahmed and Dr. Anna Ludi) for research Collaboration Animal Health Programme, PARC for research (Dr Khalid Naeem, Dr. Umer Farooq, Dr Naila Siddique) Animal Husbandry Commissioner Office, National Veterinary Labs, Provincial / Regional Livestock Departments, Public and Private vets and Livestock farmers A ◉ PANIS Team of GCP/PAK/123/USA Project Progressive Control of FMD in Pakistan (Dr. M. Afzal, Dr. Manzoor Hussain, Dr. Ehtisham Khan, Dr. Javed Arshad, Dr. Nasrullah Panhwer and Dr. Aftab Ahmad FIAT#26Thanks