#1Reconstruction and Decommissioning in Fukushima Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) October 2022#2Today's presentation 1. Progress of Decommissioning in Fukushima 2. ALPS Treated Water Discharge (Radiological Environmental Impact Assessment) 3. Lift of Evacuation Order 4. Restoration of Infrastructure 5. Restoration of Industry 6. Abolishment of Import Restrictions 2#31. Progress of Decommissioning 3#4Mid-and-Long-Term Decommissioning Roadmap • First adopted in December 2011, the Mid-and-Long-Term Decommissioning Roadmap clarified that the Government of Japan (GOJ) lead the entire decommissioning effort. ⚫ Since then, GOJ revised the roadmap several times to set appropriate milestones and timeline. • Fukushima Daiichi Decommissioning is a continuous risk reduction activity to protect the people and the environment from the risks associated with radioactive materials. • Safe and steady decommissioning is a prerequisite for reconstruction of Fukushima. Dec. 2011 Nov. 2013 Status in Mid-and-Long-Term Roadmap (revised in Dec. 2019) Dec. 2021× End of 2031 30~40 years after cold shutdown Phase 3 Phase 1 Period until start of fuel removal (within 2 years) Phase 2 Period until start of fuel debris retrieval (within 10 years) Phase 3-(1) Period until completion of decommissioning (30-40 years later) Based on the development status of the robot arm required for the trial retrieval of fuel debris, it is assumed that retrieval will start in the second half of FY2023. 4#5Major milestones of Mid-and-Long-Term Roadmap Some of the milestones that were set in 2019 have already been achieved. Major milestones Contaminated Reduce to about 150 m³/day water management Reduce to about 100m³/day or less Stagnant water removal / treatment Fuel removal Fuel debris retrieval Waste management Revised Roadmap Within 2020 achieved Within 2025 achieved Complete stagnant water removal / treatment in buildings* Within 2020 Excluding the reactor buildings of Units 1-3, Process Main Buildings, and High Temperature Incineration building. Reduce the amount of stagnant water in reactor buildings to about a half of that in the end of 2020 Complete of fuel removal from Unit 1-6 Complete of installation of the large cover at Unit 1 Start fuel removal from Unit 1 Start fuel removal from Unit 2 Start fuel debris retrieval from the first Unit (Start from Unit 2, expanding the scale gradually) Technical prospects concerning the processing/disposal policies and their safety Eliminating temporary storage areas outside for rubble and other waste FY2022 2024 Within 2031 Around FY2023 FY2027 2028 - FY2024 2026 Within 2021 Around FY2021 Within FY2028 Revised to second half of FY2023 achieved 5#62022 Major Milestone in Next 10 Years 2025 2028 2032 2022FY 2024FY contaminated water Reduces stagnant water by half of 2020 100m³/day Fuel removal 2024FY 2026FY 2027FY 2028FY from the spent fuel pools Fuel debris retrieval 2022 2023FY 2nd half Waste management Fuel removal from Unit2 start Fuel removal from Unit1 start 2031 Completion of Fuel removal from Unit1~6 Trial retrieval from Unit2 start Gradual Expansion of fuel debris retrieval start ALPS Treated Water 2023 spring Discharges start 2028FY Eliminate the temporary storage area 6#7State of TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS (FDNPS) Spent fuel removal For Unit 3, fuel removal was completed on 2021/2/28. - For Unit 1 and 2, preparation works (rubble removal or installation of cover etc.) are ongoing. ◆ Fuel debris retrieval - Trial retrieval will start from Unit 2. - The equipment for retrieval arrived in Japan on 2021/7/10, and transferred to Fukushima on 2022/1/31. Unit 1 Hydrogen explosion Spent fuel pool Hydrogen Unit 2 Unit 3 explosion Front chamber Removed fuel assemblies Roof dome 566/566 (Completed 2021/2/28) Fuel handling Machine crane Hydrogen[ Unit 4 explosion Cover for fuel retrievall Removed fuel assemblies 1535/1535 (Completed 2014/12/22) Water injection 392 Water injection Core melt Fuel debris Core melt 000 615 Water injection Core melt 000 000 Unit 3,4 Storage/Tra nsportation Storage/ Transportation Units 1 and 2 Removing fuel from the Spent Fuel Pool Installation of fuel removal Rubble removal Fuel removal equipment Units 1, 3 Unit 2 Current progress Fuel debris retrieval Ascertaining of the situation inside the PCV/ consideration of fuel debris retrieval etc Fuel debris retrieval Disassembly of reactor facility, etc Extended to 30-40 years Consideration of scenario and technologies Design and construction of equipment Dismantling and other tasks 7#8Fuel Removal & Fuel Debris Retrieval Fuel removal from the Unit 3 was completed in February 2021. • Next step is to retrieve fuel debris, which is more technically challenging. • Since February 2022, internal investigation of Unit 1 is conducted using an underwater robot. Manufactures from Japan and the U.K. have been working together for developing and testing the robot arm used for safely accessing and retrieving debris. Internal Investigation of Unit 1 Robot Arm for Fuel Debris Retrieval Sediment 2022/02/08 22:00:47 Source: TEPCO SIDE/U reinforcing steel inside pedestal ● 2022/05/19 21:19:37 • Fuel debris collecting device Metallic brush Robot arm for retrieval Vacuum vessel Not bend when being stretched up to 22 meters. In a trial, retrieved fuel debris by the scale of a couple of grams with its collecting device. 8#92. ALPS Treated Water Discharge (Radiological Environmental Impact Assessment) 6#10Why ALPS treated water must be discharged into the sea ? sea? Decommissioning of FDNPS is premise of reconstruction of Fukushima, which is continuous activity to gradually reduce the risk of radioactive materials to the surrounding area. ➤ The storage tanks exceed a thousand could be an obstacle to secure a site for the planned decommissioning of the FDNPS. ➤ Also, maintaining tanks could pose other risks (aging and leakage due to a disaster). ➤ Therefore, it is necessary to properly discharge ALPS treated water into the sea. Rain/Groundwater, Cooling Water for Fuel Debris Reactor Building Radioactive Materials ALPS *2, etc. (*2 Advanced Liquid Processing System) Remove radioactive materials other than tritium to meet the regulatory standards for discharge Contaminated Water*1 *1 Water generated by cooling fuel debris ALPS Treated Water Storage Tanks 10 10#11Safety discharge of ALPS treated water "ALPS treated water" is the water purified from contaminated water. The radioactive materials other than tritium are removed by ALPS to meet the regulatory standards for safety. After confirming concentrations of the radioactive materials will be far below the regulatory standard other than tritium, the water will be diluted more than 100 times by sea water. The total annual amount of tritium released into the sea is less than 22 trillion Bq/year. This is the upper limit of the tritium discharged from TEPCO's FDNPS before the accident. On July 22, 2022, the implementation plan for the installation of facilities for discharging ALPS-treated water into the sea was approved by the regulatory authority as meeting the domestic law and the basic policy of the GOJ. Before TEPCO can start the discharge of ALPS treated water, remaining processes, such as NRA's Pre-Service Inspections to check and confirm the installation status of the discharge facilities, will continue. The discharge will not start until after these steps are duly taken. 1) Purify / Re-purify Fukushima Daiichi NPS ALPS Storage tanks 2) Dilute 3) Discharge Sea Groundwater 81 Fuel Debris Contaminated Water Contaminated Water is generated when groundwater touched the damaged reactors and debris. Remove almost all kinds of nuclides other than tritium to the maximum extent, and meet the national regulatory standards set based on the ICRP recommendations ALPS Treated Water Dilute more than 100 times to make tritium to at the most 1/40th of the national regulatory standards (1,500Bq/L) Subject to the approval of NRA, discharge will be started (envisaged after two years) 11#12Ref; How to discharge the ALPS treated water into the sea Concentrations of the radioactive materials will be far below the regulatory standard values by 1) purifying/re-purifying the radionuclides other than tritium; and 2) diluting by sea water. ➤ Discharge into the sea at the FDNPS will be monitored/reviewed by third parties such as International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Approx. 70% of water in the tanks contain nuclides exceeding the regulatory standards Tritium The water will certainly be purified to meet the regulatory standards (other than tritium) Tritium will be less than 1,500 Bq/L; and the nuclides other than tritium will be less than 1% of regulatory standards re-purify dilute more than 100 times by sea water Cobalt, Cesium, etc. ☐ 1,500 Regulatory Standards of Tritium 60,000 1 Bq/L 40 WHO Standards for Drinking Water 10,000 Bq/L Bq/L 7 12#13Annual amount of tritium discharge: comparison with other countries The total annual amount of tritium to be discharged will be at a level below the operational target of the TEPCO's FDNPS before the 2011 nuclear accident (22 Trillion Bq/year), which is lower than the ones of many nuclear facilities both at home and abroad (see the diagram below). < 22 Trillion 2 Bq per year 5. ALPS Treated Water from FDNPS 1 11,400 Trillion Bq per year 500 50Trillion Bq per year A PWR type A Reprocessing Plant Nuclear power plant 13#14Can ALPS treated water be safely discharged into the sea? ➤ Liquid radioactive waste is discharged into the sea at various nuclear facilities around the world based on the common international understanding of safety. Canada Darlington NPP Liquid About 100 TBq UK Sizewell B NPP Liquid About 23 TBq Steam UK⚫Sellafield reprocessing facility About 0.7 TBq (in 2020) Steam Liquid About 186 TBq About 38 TBq (in 2020) ROK ⚫Wolseong NPP Liquid About 71 TBq Steam About 92 TBq (in 2021) Canada Bruce A,B NPP Liquid Steam About 1094 TBq About 793 TBq (in 2019) Steam About 223 TBq (in 2019) UK⚫Haysham 2 NPP Liquid: About 323 TBq Germany. Gundremmingen B-C NPP Liquid About 1.4 TBq US Diablo Canyon ROK Kori NPP Canada Pickering NPP Units 1,2 NPP Steam About 1.2 TBq (in 2020) Steam About 0.1 TBq Liquid Steam About 49 TBq About 21 TBq Liquid About 430 TBq Liquid About 82 TBq Steam About 2.7 Steam (in 2021 ) About 560 TBq (in 2019) TBq (in 2019) (in 2019) Slovenia ⚫ Krsko NPP Liquid About 14 TBq (in 2019) Romania Cernavoda Unit1 NPP Liquid About 140 TBq Steam About 152 TBq (in 2018) France La Hague reprocessing plant Liquid Steam About 11400 TBq About 58 TBq (in 2020) France • Tricastin NPP About 39 TBq About 1.0 TBq (in 2020) China⚫ Ningde NPP Liquid: 98 TBq Japan Fukushima Daiichi NPP Liquid About 2.2 TBq Steam About 1.5 TBq (in 2010) Avg. BWRs in Japan (2008-2010) Liquid : 0.03 - 1.9 TBq Steam: 0.08 - 1.9 TBq Avg. PWRs in Japan (2008-2010) Liquid: 18 - 83 TBq Steam: 0.4 - 13 TBq China Hongyanhe NPP Liquid : 87 TBq Steam : 1.9 TBq (in 2019) Steam Steam: 1.0 TBq Taiwan Maanshan NPP Liquid About 32 TBq Steam (in 2018) About 9.8 TBq (in 2020) China • Yangjiang NPP Liquid 107 TBq Steam 1.2 TBq (in 2019) China Qinshan Phase III NPP Liquid: 124 TBq Steam 114 TBq Spain Cofrentes NPP Liquid About 0.9 TBq Steam About 0.8 TBq Liquid (in 2018) Steam Spain Asco Unit1 NPP Liquid About 27 TBq Steam About 0.5 TBq (in 2018) Source UK Radioactivity in Food and the Environment, 2020, 2021 Canada Regulatory Oversight Report for Nuclear Power Generating Sites: 2019, 2021 France LIVRE BLANC TRITIUM, 2022 (in 2019) Other countries and regions Prepared from reports published by electricity providers in various countries and regions. US⚫ Grand Gulf NPP Liquid About 0.8 TBq About 0.8 TBq (in 2019) US Brunswick Units1,2 NPP Liquid Steam About 3.7 TBq About 6.0 TBq (in 2019) * Numbers indicate the amount of tritium emissions. BWR or ABWR PWR AGR Reprocessing facility CANDU or HWR <Ref. 1×1012 Bq about0.019g (Tritiated water) 14#15Purification of radionuclides other than tritium The existence of radionuclides itself is not an issue. What matter is the total radiation impact from all kinds of radioactive materials in the water. The radiation level will be maintained below the regulatory standards to ensure the safety of people and the environment. ➤ Regardless of the type of the facility (accident plants or operational reactors), the regulatory standards are set to control the type of the total radiological impact of all the nuclides. (It is not a matter of nuclides or number of nuclides, but the total radiological impact to human should be considered). Before 2018, purified water contains radionuclides of the water which exceed the regulatory limit due to operational condition (around 70% of all the tanks at the FDNPS (around 0. 87 M tons/1. 30M tons)). After 2019, all of the water falls under the category i). These radionuclides other than tritium will be re-purified to below the regulatory standard by using ALPS again before the discharge. i) 30%: Purified below the regulatory standards except for tritium ii) 70%: Radioactive materials in addition to tritium exist more than regulatory standard values* Nuclides other than tritium Nuclides also found in water from operating NPPS *All of the water purified after 2019 falls under the category i). Ref. The results of re-purification performance test (TEPCO, 2020) Ratio to each regulatory standard value Before Re-purify After Re-purify Cobalt, Manganese, etc. Type of nuclides Nuclides found in water from accident plants (or reprocessing plants) Cobalt-60 Cesium, Strontium, lodine, etc. Cesium-137 Strontium-90 lodine-129 Sum of the all All of the above nuclides including nuclides found only in accident plants will be re-purified to meet the regulatory standards other than tritium. Furthermore, it will be diluted more than 100 times before discharge. nuclides other than tritium 0.18 0.0017 6.7 0.0021 2155 0.0012 3.3 0.13 2406 0.35 To be diluted more than 100 times further: ~0.0035 15#16Procedure of controlled discharge In light of the Government's Basic Policy, TEPCO applied, in December 2021, to NRA for its approval to amend some items in the implementation plan in order to install the facilities for discharging the ALPS treated water into the sea. On May 18, the NRA published a draft review results document on TEPCO's application. After soliciting public comments on the document, the NRA approved the amendment of the implementation plan on July 22. TEPCO will receive NRA's Pre-Service Inspections to confirm the installation status of the discharge facility. TEPCO will revise the REIA report in response to relevant observations from the IAEA's independent review. IAEA review will be conducted before, during and after the discharge of the water. TEPCO About 2 years NRA TEPCO NRA TEPCO July 2022 Current Status Approval by Inspections April 2021 Application the Nuclear Implementation (Pre-service Start of discharge Regulation Announcement implementatio Authority of preparatory Work and Operational into the sea safety) of basic policy n plan (NRA) Receiving IAEA reviews Corroboration of Monitoring Further strengthen interactive communication with interested party 16#17Discharge related facilities for securing safety by TEPCO Secondary treatment facility (newly installed reverse osmosis membrane facility) Secondary treatment of treated water to be re- purified (sum of the ratios of nuclides, excluding tritium, is between 1 and 10) Secondary treatment facility (ALPS) Secondary treatment of Treated water to be re- purified (sum of the ratios of nuclides, excluding tritium, is 1 or higher) ALPS treated water, etc. tanks EL 33.5m Measurement/confirmation facility (K4 tank group) Comprised of three sets of tank groups each with the role of receiving, measurement/confirmation, and discharge. In the measurement/confirmation stage, water that has been made homogenized through circulation and agitating is sampled and analyzed (approx. 10,000m³ x 3 groups) Rotation Transfer facility Seawall Source: Developed by Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. based on the map developed by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (electronic territory web) https://maps.gsi.go.jp/#13/37.422730/141.044970/&base=std&ls=std&disp=1&vs =c1j0h0k0l0u0t0z0r0s0m0f1 Undersea tunnel East- West .5km Discharge Receiving Measurement/ confirmation ALPS treated water transfer pump Installed around emergency isolation valves and transfer pipes Futaba Town Seawall -LINK Flow meter/water flow rate control valve/ Emergency isolation valve (tsunami prevention measure) Header pipe (diameter approx. 2m by length approx. 7m) Seawater flow meter Emergency isolation valve North- South 3.5km Area* where fishing is not routinely conducted Okuma Town 1 km *Area where common fishery rights are not set EL 11.5m EL 2.5m Dilution facility Seawater pipe Seawater transfer pump (3 units) Road Discharge vertical shaft (Down-stream storage) Discharge to sea Unit 5 intake Seawater used for dilution (intake from outside the harbor) Discharge vertical shaft (upper-stream storage) Discharge facility Discharge tunnel (approx. 1km) Use the differential head equivalent to the loss in the discharge tunnel (difference between the water surface in the down- stream storage and the sea surface) to discharge water naturally. 17#18Assessment of Radiological Impact on public and environment ① ~ Effect on the environment is quite limited ~ According to the diffusion simulation, the concentration of tritium will be almost the same as the level of the natural sea water (< 0.1Bq/L). -5 5 10 15 20 10 -10 -20 -30 [km] FDNPS Location of discharge (bottom of the sea) Bq/L Discharged amount: 22 trillion becquerels/year 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 0 0 0 + NO 00 00 + N - 1 18#19Assessment of Radiological Impact on public and environment ② Effects on the public and the environment were minimal~ Results of the assessment on the public found that the exposure dose was approx. 1/70,000 to approx. 1/5,000 of natural radiation exposure (average in Japan : 2.1 mSv/year). Results of the assessment on animals and plants (flatfish, brown seaweed) found that the exposure dose was approx. 1/50,000 to approx. 1/20,000 of the derived consideration reference level (DCRL) defined by the ICRP. (In the case of crab, approx. 1/500,000 to approx. 1/200,000) Human 3 Animals and plants Stomach X-ray approx. 3 mSv Results of this assessment 0.00003 ~0.0004 mSv*/year 0.1 0.05 0.0001 2.1 Natural radiation exposure (average in Japan / per person) 2.1 mSv/year (Breakdown) From space Approx. 0.3 From the ground Approx. 0.33 Inhaled radon etc. Approx. 0.48 Ingested from food Approx. 0.99 Dose limit for the general public 1 mSv/year Flying between Tokyo and New York (round trip) approx. 0.11 0.16 mSv Dose constraint for the discharge of ALPS treated water approx. 0.05 mSv/year X ray exam at the dentist approx. 0.01 mSv Results of this assessment 0.00002 ~0.00006 mGy* /day DCRL defined by the ICRP 1~10 mGy per day* (10 times this amount for crab) * Sievert (Sv) is a unit expressing the impact of radiation on the human body. * Gray (Gy) is a unit expressing the energy of radiation on matter Reference : Radiological Impact Assessment Report Regarding the Discharge of ALPS Treated Water into the Sea (design stage) Source: National Institute of Radiological Sciences 19#20Message by IAEA DG Grossi Rafael Mariano Grossi IAEA Director General IAEA Posting on SNS by IAEA Director General Grossi IAEA Director General Grossi's Comments on SNS (May 19th, 2022) "The discharge of processed water goes into the Pacific Ocean, that is right behind us, it will be done in full conformity with the international standards, and therefore it will not cause any harm to the environment." [The IAEA official page related to the ALPS treated water) IAEA IAEA RESOURCES- ABOUT US Official page English Fan Pycool Es 福島第一原発における処理水の放出 Press Empoyment Cone OPCS- SERVEIS- RESOURCES- NEWS & EVENTS Fukushima Daiichi Treated Water Discharge Advanced Liquid Processing System (ALPSI ALPS Home > Timeline In April 2021, Japan announced the Basic Policy on handling of the treated water stored at the Fukushima Daliche Nuclear Power Station, which is to discharge the treated water into the sea surrounding the plant, 01438 The Fukushima Daiichi Accident Press are Employment Contact Example of the web topics . Overview of the review mission • Publication of the report of the review • Explanation of construction of the ALPS facility SHAUG (ALPS Advanced Liquid Processing System) ホーム 多核種除去設備 2021年4月、 日本政府は、原子力発電 されていに関する基本方針を 発表し、国内の規制当局の認可を条件として、サイト 辺の際に処理水を放出することとしています。 その直後 に、日本政府は、理水の放出に関する計画や活動が安 透明性の高い形で実施されることを確保するため タイムライン よくあるご質問 福島の現状報告 • 及びモニタリン グ -FROEMER 2013年3月6日現在) Japanese page Monitoring methods of ALPS treated water by the IAEA etc. The IAEA official page The IAEA official page in Japanese 20 20#213. Lift of Evacuation Order 21 21#22Comparison of the Scale of Nuclear Power Plant Accidents Between Chernobyl & Fukushima Daiichi NPS The amount of cesium and iodine released at Fukushima Daiichi were around 10-40% of Chernobyl. Radionuclides with long half-lives such as plutonium were only around 0.02– 0.1%. ■Compared to the Chernobyl, the Fukushima Daiichi has a small-scale high-concentration contaminated area. VILNIUS SMOLENSK December 1989 Lida Molodechno Borisov MINSK ORSHA Gorki MOGILEV Novagrudok Cherikov Krichev BELARUS Bykhov Baranovichi Bobruysk Slutsk Soligorsk Pinsk Roslavl Novozybkov GOMELO Kirov KALUGA O Aleksin RUSSIA TULA O Novomoskovsk Kimovsk Lyudinovo Plavsk Dyatkovo Bolkhov BRYANSKO Mtsensk Efremov OREL Yelets Mozyr Khoiniki Bragin Narovlya Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Slavutych Pripyat Ovruch CHERNIGOV Polesskoje Sarny Narodychi Chernobyl Korosten Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant SUM ROVNO Niigata Prefecture Fukushima Prefecture 20 km Novohrad Volynskyi 30 km KIEV O ZHITOMIR UKRAINE 30km exclusion zone Berdichev Bila Tserkva CHERKASSY O Cs-137 deposition (kBq/m2) More than 3,700 185-555 37-185 1,480-3,700 555-1,480 Tochigi Prefecture Gunma Prefecture POLTAVA November 2011 Ibaraki Prefecture Same Scale Referenced from: Reconstruction Agency website https://fukushima-updates.reconstruction.go.jp/en/faq/fk_200.html 22#23Progress of Disaster Recovery Decontamination Work and Construction of interim storage facility (ISF) ISF is installed to manage and store the soil and waste generated from off site decontamination work as well as the specified waste (> 100,000 Bq/kg) intensively and safely until the final disposal. Development of Specified Reconstruction and Revitalization Base Areas litate Village Minamisoma City Katsurao Village Tamura City Kawauchi Village Namie Town ISF Futaba Town Fukushima Daiichi NPS Okuma Town Tomioka Town Decontamination completed areas Difficult-to-return zone Specified Reconstruction and Revitalization Base Areas ISF Referenced from: http://josen.env.go.jp/chukanchozou/facility/effort/ Referenced from: https://www.town.fukushima-futaba.lg.jp/item/14202.htm#pagetop The Base area in Futaba Town where the Fukushima Daiichi NPS is located As radiation doses have decreased in some Restricted Areas, the GOJ has developed "Specified Reconstruction and Revitalization Base Areas" with the aim of lifting evacuation orders and permitting inhabitation. < 2022 > Katsurao Village, Okuma Town, Futaba Town < 2023 spring > Tomioka Town, Namie Town, litate Village GOJ will continue to work with an awareness that it is the Government's responsibility to lift the evacuation orders in the all Restricted Areas in the future and to reconstruct and revitalize the affected areas. 23#24MERG 栃木屬 G Changing Air Dose Rate and Lifting Evacuation Order Legen Yamagata Pref. ROm Miyagi Pref 60 50 40 40 Fukushima 町 Fukushima Pref Daiichi NPP 30 190< 9.5 19.0 38-95 19-38 10-10 05-10 02-05 Tochigi Pref. 01 02 Q. Legend Air dose rates at Im from the ground surface (uSv/h) [converted into the value as of 25 October, 2021) 95-190 38-95 19-38 10-19 05-10 02-05 01-02 501 Ibaraki Pref. 80m Not measured 10 This map is a dose rates partially attributable to natural nuclides 20 10 0 Measurements from a monitoring post (West gate) at the site boundary of the Fukushima Daiichi NPS Radiation level in the air (pSv/h) April 55.508μSv/h 0.749μSv/h January 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 * Changes in monthly average levels measured at a monitoring post (MP.5) at the site boundary of the Fukushima Daiichi NPS November 2011 October 2021 ■ Average air dose rate decreased by 80% compared to in November 2011. (within 80km from Fukushima Daiichi NPS) maximum figures 1,150 km² August 2013 Radiation levels at the site boundary have sufficiently decreased compared to levels immediately after the accident. Current status 327 km²(28%) As of June 2022 Areas under evacuation orders The number of evacuees in Fukushima Prefecture 164,865 May 2012 30,231 As of May 2022 Referenced from :https://www.reconstruction.go.jp/english/topics/Progress_to_date/English_August_2022_genjoutorikumi.pdf 24#254. Restoration of Infrastructure 25 25#26Progress of Reconstruction (2012~2013) Decommissioning Roadmap Period up to start of fuel removal 2012 Period up to start of fuel debris retrieval Unit 4: Removal of rubble 2013 Period up to start of end of decommissioning on reactor building roof completed (Oct) ➤ First commercial fishing resumed in Fukushima offshore Unit 4: Fuel removal from spent fuel pool and transfer to common pool started (Nov) Test operation of multi-nuclide removal equipment (ALPS) started (Mar) ➤ First normal rice growing resumed in previously restricted areas. Yanagi octopus Snow crab Japanese flying squid Referenced from: https://www.meti.go.jp/earthquake/nuclear/osensuitaisaku/committtee/takakusyu/pdf/003_04_00.pdf Referenced from: https://www.pref.fukushima.lg.jp/uploaded/attachment/266089.pdf Photo: Paddy fields in Tamura City (Shooting date: June 4, 2013) Referenced from: https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/kaihatu/016/shiryo/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2013/4 26 09/10/1339417_1_2.pdf#27Progress of Reconstruction (2014~2015) Decommissioning Roadmap Period up to start of fuel removal Period up to start of fuel debris retrieval Period up to start of end of decommissioning 2014 Unit 4: Fuel removal (1,535 assemblies) from spent fuel pool completed (Dec) ➤ Evacuation order lifted for the first time in some areas (Tamura City) 2015 Sub-drain pumping and discharge started (Sep) Sea-side impermeable wall closed (Oct) Unit 3: Removal of large rubble (fuel handling machine) from spent fuel pools completed (Aug) ➤ Joban Expressway is fully reopened (major arterial road in the disaster area) AV 祝 常磐自動車道(常磐富IC~浪江IC)開 「おかえりなさい みやこじへ ●古道小学校入学おめでと 祝 入学式 浪江 双葉 Namie Futaba -21 Reopening of school Referenced from: Referenced from: 27 https://www.reconstruction.go.jp/portal/chiiki/2014/20140421100603.html https://www.reconstruction.go.jp/portal/chiiki/2015/20150319152955.html#28Progress of Reconstruction (2016~2018) Decommissioning Roadmap Period up to start of fuel removal 2016 Period up to start of fuel debris retrieval Unit 1: Removal of wall panels of the building cover completed 2017 Unit3:Lower part of RPV surveyed (Jul) Period up to start of end of decommissioning 2018 Frozen-soil land-side impermeable wall Completed. 5-6 m gap in groundwater level created on the mountain side Generation of contaminated water reduced to one-third of the amount before (from 540 m3 to 170 m3/day) ➤ Fukushima Robot Test Field in service ➤ J-Village reopened FUKUSHIMA ROBOT TEST FIELD 福島ロボットテストフィールド (fully opened in 2020 after a phase-in) Referenced from: https://www.facebook.com/robottestfield/photos/pb.100063135885143.-2207520000../335919594999936/?type=3 (fully opened in 2019) 28#29Progress of Reconstruction (2019~2021) Decommissioning Roadmap Period up to start of fuel removal Period up to start of fuel debris retrieval Period up to start of end of decommissioning 2019 Unit 3: Fuel removal from 2020 Complete the treatment of stagnant water in buildings spent fuel pool started (Apr) Generation of contaminated water reduced to 140 m3/day 2021 Unit3: Removal of all 566 fuel assemblies completed (Feb) Evaluation order partially lifted in Okuma Town where the Fukushima Daiichi NPS is located, allowing municipal services to start at a new town hall building Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field opened The new town office of Okuma 相双ス エコカシパ About 7km Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Google Intermediate Storage Work Information Center 採用海水石場。 OTPORNATemporary closed Kogumataharakoei Will Cemetery # Sign in Yasaka Shrine 本版社 Referenced from: https://www.nedo.go.jp/news/press/AA5_101293.html 29#305. Restoration of Industry 30#31Restoration of Industry 1 Revival of Ukedo fishery harbor Industries including fisheries are also revitalized. Fish auction in the Ukedo fishery harbor, 6 km far from Fukushima Daiichi NPS was resumed in April 2020. • The restoration of the fishery harbor was completed in November 2021. Namie Location of Ukedo fishery harbor ラッキー公園 in. なみえまち Takase River Joban Line いこいの村なみえ 256 Futaba 双葉 Auction at Ukedo fishery harbor Ukedo fishing harbor New Year's Departure Ceremony Referenced from: Namie Town Website https://www.town.namie.fukushima.jp/ Futaba 双葉町 入房平共同墓地 Ono 大野 254 Hotel Plaisir Namie ホテルプレジールなみえ 254 Ukedogyoko Market 請戸漁港市場 Ukedo fishery harbor 福島県復興祈念。 公園(見晴台) 双葉町産業交流 t9-(F-BICC) Community center About 6km 殉職者慰靈碑! Fukushima Daiichi NPS 252 391 Intermediate Storage Work Information Center 中間貯蔵工事 情報センター Google 31#32Restoration of Industry ② Marine product processing Industries A marine product processing company, Shibaei, resumed its business in 2020. The new factory was constructed nearby Ukedo harbor in February 2020. Referenced from: https://www.reconstruction.go.jp/s/2022/08/20220810100705.html Referenced from: https://www.reconstruction.go.jp/s/2020/12/20201221164938.html Takase River 253 Location of Shibaei company ラッキー公園 「in. なみえまち Namie می 浪江 Jobantine Hotel Plaisir Namie ホテルプレジールなえ いこいの村なみえ 256 Futaba 【双葉 Futaba 双葉町 入房平共同墓地 Ono 大野 常盤線: 福島県復興祈念 一公園(見晴台) 双葉町産業交流 t-(F-BICC) Community center 殉職者慰靈碑 252 Ukedogyoko Market 戸漁港市場 254 Shibaei company Intermediate Storage Work Information Center 中間貯蔵工事 「情報センター Google About 6km Fukushima Daiichi NPS 32#33Restoration of Industry 3 Revival of Tradisional Sakura Festival and Gathering People • In April 2022, Yonomori Sakura Festival was held in Tomioka, another town near the Fukushima Daiichi NPS. A row of beautiful cherry blossoms trees was loved by many people. Referenced from: https://www.tomioka-town.jp/soshiki/kikaku/kochokoho/sakura/index.html 石熊下八房平共同墓地 Cemetery Ono E6 a Shrine F 大野 諏訪神社 清水JV 大熊 kuma 熊町 own Hall 没場本厅舍 112 166 Joban-Tomioka IC 「常快嵓問IC Location of Yonomori Yonomori 夜森 夜の森桜並木(南側) 殉職者慰靈碑! Fukushima Daiichi NPS 252 391 Intermediate Storage Work Information Center 中間貯蔵工事 情報センタ 391 257/About 7km 熊川海水浴場 Temporarily closed 251 165 Oragahama Lighthouse 小良ヶ浜灯台 Temporarily closed Yonomori Tomioka Archive Museum とみおかアーカイブ・ ミュージアム Tomioka 富岡町 E6 TEPCO 391 Google 33#34Restoration of Industry 4 Promoting New Industries and Innovation (the Fukushima Innovation Coast Framework) According to the new policy concept, GoJ aims to create new industries (6 areas) and innovation in the coastal Fukushima (Hamadori). GoJ establish new research institute in coastal Fukushima in April 2023. Fukushima Innovation Coast Framework Decommissioning Test Center in Naraha Energy/Environment/ Recycling Robot & Drones Agriculture/Forestry / Fishery Aerospace Medical Care Fukushima Institute for Research, Education and Innovation (F-REI) Functions (1) Research and development 1 robotics 2 agriculture, forestry and fisheries ③ energy 4 radiation sciences ⑤ collection/dissemination of knowledge/ data related to the nuclear disaster (2) Human resources development ☐ Promote human resources development for graduate students, etc. through cooperation with leading universities and international organizations, etc. 34#356. Abolishment of Import Restrictions 35#36Status of countries and regions introduced import measures on Japanese food after the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi NPS accident Total 55 countries and regions have introduced import measures on Japanese food following the nuclear power station accident, and more than 75% of them, 43 have eliminated the measures. Type of measures and number of countries or regions Introduced additional Lifted all the measures measures after the accident 43 (As of September 2022) Name of countries or regions Canada, Myanmar, Serbia, Chile, Mexico, Peru, Guinea, New Zealand, Colombia, Malaysia, Ecuador, Vietnam, Iraq, Australia, Thailand, Bolivia, India, Kuwait, Nepal, Iran, Mauritius, Qatar, Ukraine, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Turkey, New Caledonia, Brazil, Oman, Bahrain, Congo DR, Brunei, Philippines, Morocco, Egypt, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, Israel, Singapore, USA, UK, Indonesia 5 China, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau Remaining the Import ban measures Test certificate requirement 7 55 12 EU*, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (EFTA member states), French Polynesia, Russia *Including Northern Ireland Recent examples of Countries/regions that have (partially) lifted the import measures July Indonesia (all) October EU (partially) 2022 June UK (all) September US (all) 2021 February Taiwan (partially) May January Singapore (all) Israel (all) 36#37Promotional event for Fukushima foods in Countries where the import measures lifted Reception with sake from Fukushima served (London, UK) Customers and sales staff pick up Fukushima peaches at a supermarket (Jakarta, Indonesia) よしの Referenced from: https://www.minyu-net.com/news/news/FM20220909-727724.php 000- GOODNESS JAPANESE PEACH 46 FUKUSHIMA Referenced from: https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO62414290X00C20A8L01000/ • In countries where import restrictions have been lifted, people can buy and enjoy Fukushima foods freely. 37#38Thank you for your support for Fukushima More info from here https://www.meti.go.jp/english/earthquake/index.html 38