#1Capital One® DISCOVER® Investor Presentation February 20, 2024#2Forward Looking Statements Information in this communication, other than statements of historical facts, may constitute forward-looking statements, within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements about the benefits of the proposed transaction between Capital One Financial Corporation ("Capital One") and Discover Financial Services ("Discover”), including future financial and operating results (including the anticipated impact of the transaction on Capital One's and Discover's respective earnings and tangible book value), statements related to the expected timing of the completion of the transaction, the combined company's plans, objectives, expectations and intentions, and other statements that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements may be identified by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "targets," "scheduled,” “plans,” “intends," "goal," "anticipates," "expects," "believes," "forecasts," "outlook," "estimates," "potential," or "continue" or negatives of such terms or other comparable terminology. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Capital One or Discover to differ materially from any results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, (1) the risk that the cost savings and any revenue synergies from the transaction may not be fully realized or may take longer than anticipated to be realized, (2) disruption to the parties' businesses as a result of the announcement and pendency of the transaction, (3) the risk that the integration of Discover's business and operations into Capital One, including the integration into Capital One's compliance management program, will be materially delayed or will be more costly or difficult than expected, or that Capital One is otherwise unable to successfully integrate Discover's businesses into its own, including as a result of unexpected factors or events, (4) the failure to obtain the necessary approvals by the stockholders of Capital One or Discover, (5) the ability by each of Capital One and Discover to obtain required governmental approvals of the transaction on the timeline expected, or at all, and the risk that such approvals may result in the imposition of conditions that could adversely affect Capital One after the closing of the transaction or adversely affect the expected benefits of the transaction, (6) reputational risk and the reaction of each company's customers, suppliers, employees or other business partners to the transaction, (7) the failure of the closing conditions in the merger agreement to be satisfied, or any unexpected delay in closing the transaction or the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the termination of the merger agreement, (8) the dilution caused by the issuance of additional shares of Capital One's common stock in the transaction, (9) the possibility that the transaction may be more expensive to complete than anticipated, including as a result of unexpected factors or events, (10) risks related to management and oversight of the expanded business and operations of Capital One following the transaction due to the increased size and complexity of its business, (11) the possibility of increased scrutiny by, and/or additional regulatory requirements of, governmental authorities as a result of the transaction or the size, scope and complexity of Capital One's business operations following the transaction, (12) the outcome of any legal or regulatory proceedings that may be currently pending or later instituted against Capital One before or after the transaction, or against Discover, and (13) general competitive, economic, political and market conditions and other factors that may affect future results of Capital One and Discover, including changes in asset quality and credit risk; the inability to sustain revenue and earnings growth; changes in interest rates and capital markets; inflation; customer borrowing, repayment, investment and deposit practices; the impact, extent and timing of technological changes; capital management activities; and other actions of the Federal Reserve Board and legislative and regulatory actions and reforms. Additional factors which could affect future results of Capital One and Discover can be found in Capital One's Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and Discover's Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K, in each case filed with the SEC and available on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. Capital One and Discover disclaim any obligation and do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this communication, which speak only as of the date hereof, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by federal securities laws. 2#3Important Information About the Transaction and Where to Find It Capital One intends to file a registration statement on Form S-4 with the SEC to register the shares of Capital One's common stock that will be issued to Discover stockholders in connection with the proposed transaction. The registration statement will include a joint proxy statement of Capital One and Discover that will also constitute a prospectus of Capital One. The definitive joint proxy statement/prospectus will be sent to the stockholders of each of Capital One and Discover in connection with the proposed transaction. INVESTORS AND SECURITY HOLDERS ARE URGED TO READ THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT AND JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE (AND ANY OTHER DOCUMENTS FILED WITH THE SEC IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRANSACTION OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE INTO THE JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS) BECAUSE SUCH DOCUMENTS WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION AND RELATED MATTERS. Investors and security holders may obtain free copies of these documents and other documents filed with the SEC by Capital One or Discover through the website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov or by contacting the investor relations department of Capital One or Discover at: Capital One Financial Corporation 1680 Capital One Drive McLean, VA 22102 Attention: Investor Relations [email protected] (703) 720-1000 Discover Financial Services 2500 Lake Cook Road Riverwoods, IL 60015 Attention: Investor Relations [email protected] (224) 405-4555 Before making any voting or investment decision, investors and security holders of Capital One and Discover are urged to read carefully the entire registration statement and joint proxy statement/prospectus when they become available, including any amendments thereto, because they will contain important information about the proposed transaction. Free copies of these documents may be obtained as described above. Participants in Solicitation Capital One, Discover and certain of their directors and executive officers may be deemed participants in the solicitation of proxies from the stockholders of each of Capital One and Discover in connection with the proposed transaction. Information regarding the directors and executive officers of Capital One and Discover and other persons who may be deemed participants in the solicitation of the stockholders of Capital One or of Discover in connection with the proposed transaction will be included in the joint proxy statement/prospectus related to the proposed transaction, which will be filed by Capital One with the SEC. Information about the directors and executive officers of Capital One and their ownership of Capital One common stock can also be found in Capital One's definitive proxy statement in connection with its 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, as filed with the SEC on March 22, 2023, and other documents subsequently filed by Capital One with the SEC. Information about the directors and executive officers of Discover and their ownership of Discover common stock can also be found in Discover's definitive proxy statement in connection with its 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, as filed with the SEC on March 17, 2023, and other documents subsequently filed by Discover with the SEC. Additional information regarding the interests of such participants will be included in the joint proxy statement/prospectus and other relevant documents regarding the proposed transaction filed with the SEC when they become available. 3#4Capital One's acquisition of Discover has strong strategic rationale Combines Capital One's scale in credit cards and banking with Discover's vertically integrated global payments network Enhances Capital One's ability to compete with the nation's largest banks in credit cards and banking Leverages Capital One's investments in technology, risk management, and compliance across a larger enterprise Brings together two franchises with loyal customers and award-winning products and experiences Delivers compelling financial returns 4#5The combination delivers compelling financial metrics Creates significant synergies • Provides attractive returns and meaningful EPS accretion • 2027E Operating Expense Synergy Opportunity: $1.3B • 2027E Marketing Expense Synergy Opportunity: $0.1B 2027E Network Synergy Opportunity: $1.2B • 2027E Adjusted EPS Accretion¹: >15% 2027E ROIC²: 16% • IRR³: >20% • Bolsters an already strong balance sheet Pro Forma CET1 ratio at close: ~14% • 2023 Pro Forma Insured Deposits: 84% Note: Market data as of February 16, 2024; Metrics reflect 100% stock consideration at a 1.0192x exchange ratio, representing a 26.6% premium to Discover share price; 1) Adjusted EPS accretion is a non-GAAP measure that excludes expected acquisition and integration expenses, amortization of intangible assets and amortization of loan credit marks and fair value marks; 2) Return on invested capital represents Discover synergized Adjusted Non-GAAP net income after taxes divided by deal value less Discover excess capital at close (above 12.5%) plus incremental capital required for growth; 3) IRR terminal value assumes 9.0x NTM P/E; 4) As of December 31, 2023 LO 5#6Discover operates an integrated payments and banking business DISCOVER Payment Services DISCOVER Digital Banking Credit Cards Online Banking pulse O Personal Loans Home Loans Diners Club INTERNATIONAL Note: 1) Discover announced the intention to sell its Student Loan portfolio in late 2023, with an anticipated sale in 2024. It stopped originations on February 1, 2024. 1 Student Loans CO 6#7Acquiring Discover is another big step forward on our quest to build a global payments technology company DISCOVER Global Network DISCOVER pulse Diners Club INTERNATIONAL Connecting the world through payments 200+ countries and territories welcome the network 70 million merchant acceptance points 1.8 million global ATMs offer cash access 305 million+ global cardholders use the network $550 billion+ in spend across the network Source: Discover website 7#8Owning a network provides the benefits of vertical integration and the ability to directly serve customers across the marketplace Deal more directly with merchants Create more value for merchants, small businesses, and consumers Capture the additional economics from vertical integration Benefit from the additional scale and volumes that come from being the network for other banks Generate significant revenue that doesn't come with assets or credit risk 8#9This acquisition will strengthen the smallest of the four major payments networks Total Network Volume U.S. Only, 2023 By 2027, we expect to add... B $8,000 $6,821 $6,000 $4,000 $2,837 $2,000 $1,351 $550 $0 Visa Mastercard American Express Discover $175B+ of Capital One purchase volume 25M+ Capital One cardholders Note: Visa- "Total Volume, All Visa Credit & Debit - US" For the 12 Months Ended December 31, 2023; Mastercard- "Gross Dollar Volume, 'GDV' for all Mastercard Credit, Charge, Debit, and Prepaid Programs - United States" for FY 2023; American Express- "Network Volumes", excluding "International Card Services", for the Year Ended December 31, 2023; Discover- "Network Volume - Total", excluding "Diners Club International" for the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023 Source: Company Reports 9#10Discover has built a valuable credit card franchise DISCOVER it CUSTOMER SATISFACTION J.D.POWER AND ASSOCIATES SINCE 1968 The Voice of The Customer Top 2 in J.D. Power U.S. Credit Card Overall Customer Satisfaction Rankings for 17 years running Note: Based on the J.D. Power U.S. Credit Card Satisfaction Study, Overall Customer Satisfaction Index Ranking for Credit Card Issuers; Rankings between 2007 and 2023: second from 2007-2013, first from 2014-2016 (tied in 2014), second in 2017, first from 2018-2019, second from 2020-2023 (tied in 2023) Source: J.D. Power 10#11Discover will be additive and complementary to Capital One's suite of credit card offerings Cash Back Travel QUICKSILVER SAVOR Capital One Capital One VENTURE Capital One Note: Not comprehensive of all product offerings for Capital One VENTUREX Small Business Co-Brand ARRIVED SPARK BUSINESS Capital One VENTURE X BUSINESS Capital One CONSERVATION Classic Johnny Moris Bass Pro Shops CLUB- CARD Capital One KREI Coop MEMBER 123456789 OPT OUTSIDE mastercard. 11#12Together, Discover and Capital One will be well-positioned in credit cards Credit Card Purchase Volume1 2023 B $1,250 $1,164 $1,127 $1,000 $750 $500 $250 T $606 $592 $363 $218 $185 $136 B $300 $211 $200 $100 Credit Card Loans² 2023 $165 $150 $148 $102 $102 $97 $44 $0 $0 JPM AXP COF с BAC DFS SYF WFC JPM C AXP COF DFS BAC SYF WFC Note: 1) JPM- "Consumer & Community Banking" (includes SMB), "Card Services - Sales volume excluding commercial card"; AXP- "U.S. Consumer Services" and "Commercial Services" (includes US SME), "Billed Business"; COF- "Domestic Card", "Purchase volume"; C- "Branded Cards" and "Retail Services", "Credit card spend volume"; BAC- "Consumer Banking", "Total credit card - Purchase volumes"; DFS- "Discover Card Sales Volume"; SYF- "Purchase volume"; WFC- "Consumer Banking and Lending Segment", "Credit Card- Point of sale volume"; 2) End of period loans; JPM- "Consumer & Community Banking", "Loans - Card Services"; C- "Branded Cards" and "Retail Services", "EOP Loans"; AXP- "U.S. Consumer Services" and "Commercial Services", "Card Member loans - Total loans" and "Card Member receivables - Total receivables"; COF- "Credit card - Domestic credit card", "Loans Held for Investment (Period-End)"; Discover- "Credit Card Loans", "Ending Loans"; BAC- "Consumer Banking", "Total credit card - Ending credit card outstandings"; SYF- "Loans - Credit cards"; WFC- "Consumer Banking and Lending Segment", "Loans by Line of Business - Consumer lending, Credit Card" Source: Company Reports 12#13Discover has built a fast-growing national direct savings bank B $100 $75 $50 $25 Discover Direct to Consumer Deposits U.S. Only 1 $71 $63 $62 $54 $45 $39 $36 $31 $28 $29 $84 $0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Note: 1) End of period; Total Direct to Consumer Deposits; 2013 - 2018 defined as "Direct to Consumer and Affinity Deposits"; 2019-2020 defined as "Direct to Consumer Deposits, also includes Affinity relationships"; 2021 2023 defined as "Total Direct to Consumer Deposits, also includes Affinity relationships" and "Savings, also includes Money Market, and Other Deposits and reflects both interest-bearing and non-interest bearing direct to consumer deposits" Source: Company Reports 13#14Capital One has built a full-service digital bank with nationwide physical access National Footprint IDI 259 Branches 55 SSS Cafes in 21 of the top 25 MSAs 16K+ Cash deposit locations 80K+ Fee-free ATMs Note: Branch and cafe count is net of announced closures; Top 25 MSAs with a cafe include: New York (NY), Los Angeles (CA), Chicago (IL), Dallas (TX), Houston (TX), Miami (FL), Washington (DC), Philadelphia (PA), Atlanta (GA), Boston (MA), Phoenix (AZ), San Francisco (CA), Detroit (MI), Riverside (CA), Seattle (WA), Minneapolis (MN), Tampa (FL), San Diego (CA), Denver (CO), Portland (OR), San Antonio (TX); Baltimore (MD) is an additional top 25 MSA with branches but no cafe presence 14#15Capital One's national bank is a compelling brand and delivers industry-leading customer satisfaction Capital One No fees. No minimums. No overdraft fees. Note: 2020-2023, Based on the J.D. Power U.S. National Banking Satisfaction Study, Overall Customer Satisfaction Index Ranking Source: J.D. Power CUSTOMER SATISFACTION J.D.POWER SINCE 1968 The Voice of The Customer #1 in J.D. Power U.S. National Banking Overall Customer Satisfaction Rankings for 4 years running 15#16We will increase our scale to compete with the nation's largest banks Total Deposits 2023 B $2,401 $2,500 $2,000 $1,500 $1,000 $500 $1,924 $1,358 $1,309 $512 $427 $421 $396 $352 $348 $109 $0 JPM BAC WFC C USB GS PNC TFC MS COF DFS (#26) Note: Total deposits, includes brokered; As of 4Q 2023; Discover ranking as of February 16, 2024 according to reported metrics Source: Federal Reserve Y-9C Consolidated Financial Statements for Holding Companies 16#17We can leverage and scale our eleven-year technology transformation into a modern technology company • Transformed our talent • Transformed how we build software • Migrated entirely to the cloud • Modernized our data ecosystem • Modernized our applications 17#18We will enhance our marketing scale and share of voice B Marketing Expense 2023 $6 $5.2 $4 =4 $2 $4.6 $4.0 $1.9 $1.4 $1.2 $0.8 $0.7 $0.5 $0.4 $0.3 $0 AXP JPM COF BAC C DFS WFC USB SYF PNC TFC Note: AXP- "Expenses", "Marketing"; JPM- "Noninterest Expense", "Marketing"; COF- "Non-interest expense", "Marketing"; BAC- "Noninterest expense", "Marketing"; C- "Operating expenses", "Advertising and marketing"; DFS- "Total Operating Expense", "Marketing and Business Development"; WFC- "Noninterest expense", "Advertising and promotion"; USB- "Noninterest expense", "Marketing and business development"; SYF- "Other expense", "Marketing and business development"; PNC- "Noninterest Expense", "Marketing"; TFC- "Noninterest Expense", "Marketing and customer development" Source: Company Reports 18#19Together we will continue to build one of America's great places to work FORTUNE * 100 BEST COMPANIES TO WORK FOR® 2023 Source: CNNMoney for 2012-2013; Fortune for 2014-2023 Capital One Ⓡ DISCOVER #15 12th consecutive year on the list #81 19#20Additional deal highlights Transaction Structure & Pricing • • . Discover to merge into Capital One; 1.0192x fixed exchange ratio and 100% stock consideration Implied transaction value of $139.86 per Discover share or $35.3 billion¹ Represents 26.6% premium to Discover share price and 12.3x 2024E consensus EPS Ownership • ~60% Capital One and -40% Discover CEO • Rich Fairbank will remain CEO and Chairman of the Board Board of Directors • • Key Geographies • Approvals & Timing 3 Directors from Discover will join Capital One's Board of Directors Headquarters: McLean, VA · Significant presence in the Chicago area • • Capital One and Discover shareholders as well as customary regulatory approvals Anticipated closing end of 2024 / early 2025 Note: Market data as of February 16, 2024; 1) Implied transaction value based on $110.49 per Discover share at market close. 20#21Key financial assumptions • Standalone Modeled Forecasts Capital • Loan Credit Marks Fair Value Marks • Goodwill and Intangibles Acquisition and Integration Expenses • Consensus estimates for Capital One in 2024/2025 and extrapolated 2026+ • • • Consensus estimates for Discover in 2024/2025 and extrapolated 2026+, with two adjustments: о Assumes the exit of student lending in 2024 о Assumes 2024 charge-offs are consistent with consensus and that 2025 charge-offs are similar to 2024 before improving over time Anticipate 13.9% pro forma combined CET1 at close; Discover to suspend share repurchases through closing Assumes consensus pro forma CET1 of 12.5% in 2026+ $8.6 billion (7.3% of Discover loans), equal to Discover allowance at close¹ о $2.9 billion or 33% allocated to purchase credit deteriorated (PCD) о $5.7 billion or 67% allocated to non-PCD PCD credit mark will be established as an allowance through purchase accounting Non-PCD credit mark accreted into earnings over an estimated 2-3 years • $7.3 billion loan rate mark amortizing over an estimated 2-3 years • • • $0.2 billion of other rate marks amortizing over the lives of the related instruments (securities, time deposits, and long-term debt) $10.1 billion purchased credit card relationships or 10.0% of Discover card receivables; to be amortized on an accelerated basis over 7 years $0.3 billion core deposit intangible or 0.6% of Discover core deposits $3.5 billion of goodwill • $2.8 billion pre-tax . Substantially all expected to be incurred within approximately 2 years of closing Note: 1) Net of acquired loans previously charged off by Discover Source: Capital One management 21#22The combined company would generate attractive operating results before synergies Revenue Margin¹ 2023 Combined Company Pro Forma Metrics (Actual Results; Excludes Synergies) Adj. Operating Efficiency Ratio² Adj. Total Efficiency Ratio³ ROTCE4 9.1% 39.6% 49.5% 15.9% Note: All figures exclude synergies; 1) Calculated as Total Revenue / Average Interest Earning Assets; 2) Non-GAAP measure; calculated as Non-Marketing Operating Expenses net of FDIC special assessment expense for Capital One / Total Revenue; 3) Non-GAAP measure; calculated as Total Expenses net of FDIC special assessment expense for Capital One / Total Revenue; 4) Non-GAAP measure; calculated as Net Income to Common Shareholders adjusted for FDIC special assessment expense for Capital One / Average Total Common Equity Source: Company Reports 22#23We conducted thorough due diligence Card Business Key Focus Areas Compliance / Regulatory Operations Non-Card Businesses Credit Network Bank Legal • Human Resources Cyber Finance / Tax Technology 23#24Significant synergy opportunities were identified, with unmodeled upside Modeled Impact (2027E) Expense¹ Description of Synergy Opportunity • 26% of Discover operating expenses (excl. marketing) phased in over three years 10% of Discover marketing expenses phased in over two years $1.5B • Synergies largely driven by common business functions partially offset by targeted investments Capital One debit portfolio to be converted to Discover networks . Selected Capital One credit portfolios to be converted to Discover networks Network $1.2B . Assumes existing network debit and credit pricing Conversion anticipated to begin in 2Q 2025 Revenue Identified but not modeled Note: 1) Operating (excl. marketing) phased in 22% / 67% / 98%/100% in 2025-2028E and excludes Student operating expenses; Marketing phased in 50% / 100% in 2025-2026E; Total expense synergy does not match to sum of page 5 due to rounding Source: Capital One management 24#25The transaction provides strong returns Key Performance Metrics >15% 2027E Adjusted EPS Accretion¹ 2027E Return on Invested Capital² IRR³ 16% >20% Note: Market data as of February 16th, 2024; Metrics reflect 100% stock consideration at a 1.0192x exchange ratio, representing a 26.6% premium to Discover share price; 1) Adjusted EPS accretion is a non-GAAP measure that excludes acquisition and integration expenses, amortization of intangible assets and amortization of loan credit marks and fair value marks; 2) Return on invested capital represents Discover synergized Non-GAAP net income after taxes divided by deal value less Discover excess capital at close (above 12.5%) plus incremental capital required for growth; 3) IRR terminal value assumes 9.0x NTM P/E 25#26This transaction creates significant benefits for Discover stakeholders Well-positioned bank and payments network of the future Accelerates our journey to become a leading digital bank provider Adds operating scale ○ Similar organizational values Shared commitment to outstanding customer service Fully leverages our payments network and propels significant volume growth Represents substantial value accretion to our shareholders Remain committed to advancing our progress in compliance and risk management and to our national servicing presence 26#27Capital One and Discover are building a unique, diversified global payments platform with a flywheel of customers, technology, data, and brand Capital One® Card Capital One® Capital One® Bank Auto Capital One® Capital One® Shopping Travel DISCOVER DISCOVER Global Network 27