#1PREVAIL Data Disclosure Webcast March 9, 2023 Improving the Lives of Patients with Serious CNS Disorders ASX: BNO | Nasdaq: BNOX Bionomics#2Safe Harbor Statement Factors Affecting Future Performance This presentation may contain "forward-looking" statements within the meaning of the United States' Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements contained in this presentation that relate to prospective events or developments, including, without limitation, statements made regarding Bionomics' drug candidates (including BNC210, BNC105, BNC101 and BNC375), its licensing agreement with Merck & Co. and any milestone or royalty payments thereunder, drug discovery programs, ongoing and future clinical trials, and timing of the receipt of clinical data for our drug candidates are deemed to be forward-looking statements. Words such as "believes," "anticipates," "plans," "expects," "projects," "forecasts," "will" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. There are a number of important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements, including unexpected safety or efficacy data, unexpected side effects observed in clinical trials, risks related to our available funds or existing arrangements, delays or difficulties associated with conducting clinical trials, our failure to introduce new drug candidates or platform technologies or obtain regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, regulatory changes, inability to protect our intellectual property, risks related to our international operations, as well as other factors. Results of studies performed on our drug candidates and competitors' drugs and drug candidates may vary from those reported when tested in different settings. The inclusion of forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by Bionomics that any of its expectations, projections or plans will be achieved. Actual results may differ from those expectations, projections or plans due to the risks and uncertainties inherent in Bionomics business and other risks described in Bionomics' filings with the SEC. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in, or implied by, any forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this presentation. Subject to the requirements of any applicable legislation or the listing rules of any stock exchange on which our securities are quoted, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update any forward- looking statements as a result of developments occurring after the date of this presentation. Certain information contained in this presentation relates to, or is based on, studies, publications, surveys and other data obtained from third party sources and Bionomics' own internal estimates and research. While we believe these third party sources to be reliable as of the date of this presentation, we have not independently verified, and make no representation as to the adequacy, fairness, accuracy or completeness of, any information obtained from third party sources. In addition, all of the market data included in this presentation involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and there can be no guarantee as to the accuracy or reliability of such assumptions. Finally, while we believe our own internal research is reliable, such research has not been verified by any independent source. 2 Bionomics#3Bionomics: Clinical Stage Company with Focused CNS Pipeline and Multiple Catalysts on the Horizon Clinical stage ion channel focused company targeting Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and cognitive dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and other CNS conditions through proprietary programs, partnerships and collaborations* Program Proprietary Programs: BNC210 a7 receptor NAM EmpathBio BNC210 3 Collaboration Programs: MERCK Collaboration a7 receptor PAM Indication Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) +MDMA derivative EMP-01 (PTSD) 2 candidates for Cognitive Deficit in Alzheimer's Pre-Clinical Phase 1 PREVAIL Phase 2 ATTUNE Phase 3 *Pipeline of partnering candidates targeting potassium (Kv) and sodium (Nav) ion channels and partnership on legacy oncology program with Carina Biotech. Fast Track Study completed Fast Track MOU to explore combination treatment regimen Status Topline Data Annc. YE 2022 Study underway Topline Data: mid 2023 Feasibility assessment Phase 1 safety & biomarker studies ongoing Bionomics NAM = Negative Allosteric Modulator PAM = Positive Allosteric Modulator#4BNC210: A Best-In-Class Development Candidate With a Profile Compatible as an Acute Non-Sedating Anxiolytic ✔ 4 ✔ Novel negative allosteric modulator of a7 nAChR for treatment of anxiety and stressor-related disorders Extensive safety database from 13 clinical trials completed to date with exposure in over 500 subjects supporting a non-sedating, non-addicting anxiolytic profile Has achieved clinical Proof of Target Engagement (PTE), Proof of Mechanism (PoM) in panic model setting and Proof of Concept (PoC) in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) In development for underserved markets with >22 million patients in the US alone suffering from SAD and PTSD and no new FDA approved therapies in nearly two decades; peak annual sales for acute SAD of $1.7B and for chronic PTSD of $2.6B Strong proprietary protection with patent coverage through late 2030's Bionomics#5Proof of Target Engagement: BNC210 Modulates a7 Receptors in Healthy Volunteers 5 BNC210 reduces response of nicotinic receptors to stimulation nACHR Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor EEG Electroencephalography p-value less than 0.05 p-value less than 0.01 ** BNC210 Reduces Nicotine-induced EEG Responses Power in alpha 2 band 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 NS p= 0.3154 Nicotine only (Day - 1) p = 0.0062 ........ 0.5 Nicotine + B N C 2 10 (2000 mg) (Day 7) p=0.0026 1.0 1.5 Nicotine (mg) p=0.0487 2.0 Activation of nicotinic receptors in the brain induces EEG response a7 receptors are the major nACHR populations targeted BNC210 daily oral dosing reduced nicotine-induced EEG in the a2 band M Reduction in EEG response serves to demonstrate BNC210's penetration of blood-brain barrier Bionomics#6Proof of Mechanism: BNC210 Significantly Reduces Anxiety and Panic Symptoms BNC210 demonstrated reduction in panic symptoms as measured with the Panic Symptom Scale Total # of Panic Symptoms Panic Symptom Intensity Phase 1b placebo-controlled study evaluating BNC210 in acute anxiety in 15 healthy volunteers who experienced a CCK-4-induced panic attack ● 6 Subjects assessed after a single dose of BNC210 as they would be in an acute SAD trial setting Proof of Mechanism (PoM) in demonstrating anxiolytic activity CCK-4 = Cholecystokinin Tetrapeptide (a peptide that induces anxiety and panic symptoms) 100 Panic Symptom Scale (% of Placebo) 90 80 70 60 40 30 20 10 0 -37.7% (p<0.048) Placebo Panic Symptom Scale (% of Placebo) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 BNC210 -52.7% (p<0.041) Bionomics#7Proof of Concept: BNC210 Acute Administration Reduces Anxiety-Related Biomarkers in Generalized Anxiety Disorder Patients 7 Amygdala activation is an imaging surrogate for anxiety BNC210 reduced activation of L & R amygdala caused by viewing fearful faces (L: p=0.011; R: p=0.006) 300 mg Connectivity between the amygdala and Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) is very strong in high anxiety BNC210 reduced connectivity between amygdala and ACC while viewing fearful faces (p=0.012) Contrast estimate 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 -0.2 Placebo Seed hemisphere Left Right + 300 mg BNC210 300 mg significantly reduced self- reported state anxiety - STAI (p=0.003) BNC210 300 mg and 2000 mg reduced threat avoidance behavior of anxious subjects in the JORT behavioral task 0.5- 0.4- 0.3- 0.2- 0.1- 0.0- Mean Intensity of Defensive Behavior Placebo BNC210 Wise T. et al., Biological Psychiatry 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.013); Perkins A. et al., Translational Psychiatry 2021 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-01141-5) JORT = Joystick Operated Runway Task P=0.165 Lorazepam P=0.007 300 mg Error Bars + SEM P=0.033 2000 mg Bionomics#8Fast-Acting Tablet Formulation Well-Suited for Treating Acute Anxiety Disorders Desirable Solid-Dose PK Properties 2 1. No food effect 2. Rapid exposure 3. Dose-linear response 8 1| [BNC210] ng/ml 1750- 1500- 1250- 1000- 750 500 250- Novel tablet alleviates food effect 300 mg Tablet, Fasted 300 mg Tablet, High Fat Meal 1 1 T T 01234 6 8 10 12 Time (Hr) 18 20 24 2 Å O 45-105 minutes to reach maximum absorption concentrations across the dose range ✓ IP coverage extends to late 2030's with novel formulation 3| [BNC210] ng/ml Novel tablet has dose linear exposure 5000- 4000- 3000- 2000- 1000- 1200 mg -- 900 mg 600 mg 300 mg F T T 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time (Hr) Bionomics 0#9Social Anxiety Disorder Represents a Large Segment of the Anxiety Market No FDA-approved fast-acting medications for as-needed treatment 14 Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), or Social Phobia, is a significant and persistent fear of social and performance-related situations Includes anxiety from everyday social situations; a reoccurring episodic disorder Amongst the largest mental health conditions with lifetime prevalence affecting >31M Americans. Triggers that exacerbate anxiety can occur at any time ~7M 36% of adults show SAD symptoms >10 years Opportunity for BNC210 Sources: US Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/united-states-adult-population-grew-faster-than-nations-total-population-from-2010-to-2020.html NIMH. "Social Anxiety Disorder" data from 2017 National Comorbidity Survey (NCS). https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/social-anxiety-disorder.shtml Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA). "Social Anxiety Disorder - Understand the Facts" https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/social-anxiety-disorder ~18M 31M 7.1% prevalence in adults 12.1% of adults at some point in their lives Bionomics#1010 A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of BNC210 Compared to Placebo for the Acute Treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder Bionomics#11PREVAIL was a Well Powered Phase 2 Study to Enable Further Development The selected design allowed for iterative learnings to enable late-stage development Questions that PREVAIL was designed to answer: 1 Efficacy Is BNC210 pharmacologically active and efficacious? 2 3 4 5 6 7 11 Primary Outcome Dose Response Patient Population Safety Pharmacokinetics Overall Design Can the activity be captured by SUDS? ● if yes, what is the best analytical methodology? Is there a dose response differentiating 225 mg and 675 mg? Is subject selection optimal? If no, how can it be improved? Does the safety and tolerability profile support further development? • If yes, is the profile compatible with a non-sedating anxiolytic? Can the new BNC210 tablet formulation deliver a PK profile with rapid effect onset for acute treatment of social anxiety? Can the selected study design support late-stage development? If yes, how can the overall design be improved? Bionomics#12PREVAIL: A Study to Enable Iterative Late-Stage Development LIEBOWITZ SOCIAL ANXIETY SCALE >95: Very severe social phobia i 80-95: Severe social phobia 65-80: Marked social phobia 55-65: Moderate social phobia ↓ 12 Participants I/E Criteria Adults aged 18 to 65 years DSM-5 based diagnosis of SAD No psychotropic meds for 30 days prior to screening I Phase 2 Study Design SCREENING LSAS score ≥ 70 1:1:1 RANDOMIZATION (DOUBLE-BLIND) 225mg ~50 675mg ~50 SINGLE ANXIETY CHALLENGE Placebo ~50 SITES none 20 PRIMARY EFFICACY MEASURE SUBJECTIVE UNITS OF DISTRESS SCALE (SUDS): Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) that measures the self- reported intensity of anxiety and/or distress. 10 30 40 15 US CENTERS N-150 Single Dose Administration mild PREVAIL Study 50 moderate 60 70 severe 80 90 100 very severe Bionomics#13PREVAIL: Standardizing the Public Speaking Task for Potential Registrational Trials Efficacy Schedule of Assessments SUDS STAI-State SSPS-N 13 BASELINE START 200 I 55 Min 1 #Min Denotes amount of time spent in specific stage of study. SUDS = Subjective Units Of Distress Scale STAI State-Trait Anxiety Inventory SSPS-N = Self Statements During Public Speaking RESTING T 2 Min ANTICIPATION I 5 Min PERFORMANCE ✓✓✓ POST- 30 Min CHALLENGE FINISH Bionomics 2#14Primary Outcome Measure Analysis (SUDS) Should be Tailored Based on the Profile of BNC210 Efficacy Profile was Largely Unknown Prior to PREVAIL Readout A from Baseline 14 30 25 20 15 10 -5 -10 -15 Average Change in SUDS 2 Secondary Avg. (A → A₂) 1 3 Primary: Avg. (Po → P5) Post-hoc*: Avg. (A → P5) BL R AO A1 A2 PO P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 R1 R2 R3 *Most clinically relevant endpoint combining 2 phases of increased anxiety AUC = Area Under the Curve A from Baseline 30 25 20 15 10 O -5 -10 -15 BL R 2 I I AUC of Change in SUDS Post-hoc: AUC (A → A₂) I I I 3 A0 A1 A2 Secondary: AUC (P₁ → P5) Post-hoc*: AUC (A → P5) ΡΟ P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 R1 R2 R3 Bionomics#15Subject Disposition and Baseline Demographics Subject Disposition Randomized/Safety/Full Analysis */Study Completer Population Per Protocol Population** Baseline Characteristics Mean Age in Years (Min, Max) Male/Female (Female) 15 BNC210 225 mg 50 50 35.5 (18,65) 17/33 (66.0) BNC210 675 mg 51 51 37.7 (19,65) 16/35 (68.6) BNC210 Overall 101 101 36.6 (18,65) 33/68 (67.3) *Full Analysis Set (FAS): All randomized participants who receive any amount of the study intervention. Multiple prespecified and post-hoc subgroup analyses were conducted (presented in subsequent slides) **Per Protocol (PP): FAS population who have no major protocol deviations. 1 participant was removed from the PP population prior to data lock for exclusion criterion #19 (previously participated in a study that involved a public speaking challenge) Placebo 50 49 34.5 (21,58) 23/27 (54.0) Overall 151 150 35.9 (18,65) 56/95 (62.9) Bionomics#16Proof of Pharmacology in SAD: Acute BNC210 Administration Demonstrates Activity Across the Phases of the Public Speaking Task BNC210 225 mg and 675 mg achieve similar separation from placebo* Mean Change in SUDS Individual Arms 16 Mean A from Baseline 30 20 -10 -20 EA Anticipation A1 BL R AO A2 PO BNC210 225 mg Performance P1 P2 P3 P4 BNC210 675 mg L P5 Post speech R1 R2 R3 *Post-hoc analysis of mean SUDS values. No models or imputations applied ** Standard error represented Placebo Mean Change in SUDS with Combined Arms Mean A from Baseline 30 20 -10 -20 14 BL R Anticipation A1 AO A2 Performance PO P1 P2 Dose response similarity allows for combination of active arms (225 mg and 675 mg) for further analysis BNC210 Overall J P3 P4 P5 Placebo Post speech R1 R2 R3 Bionomics 2#17Clinical Meaningfulness: BNC210 Demonstrates Comparable Magnitude of Effect with Benzodiazepines Mean Change in SUDS Diazepam 5 mg* Mean SUDS Score 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Diazepam Anticipation 1 2 Placebo Performance 3 17 *Adapted from Helmus et al. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2005 4 Mean CFB SUDS Score Mean Change from Baseline in SUDS BNC210 - Ph2 35- -BNC210 Overall - Placebo 30- 25- 20 15- 10- АО Anticipation A1 -2 A2 PO P1 Performance P2 P3 P4 P5 Bionomics 9#18PREVAIL Did Not Meet the Primary Endpoint: Consistent Trends Were Observed Average change from baseline in the performance phase of the public speaking task Performance Prespecified endpoints in PREVAIL were based on individual public speaking task phases 30 25 18 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 2 Peak A0-A2 2 Peak CFB PO-P5 2 Average AO-A2 1 Average CFB P0-P5 2 AUC PO-P5 BL RA0 A1 A2 PO P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 R1 R2 R3 Data available at the time of the press release Anticipation Average Peak AUCA Average Peak -20 H -100 -80 -15 -15 H BNC210 225 mg -10 -10 -60 -40 -20 -5 0 0 *Post-hoc analysis of mean SUDS values. No imputations applied. ^ Mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM); ^^ ANCOVA 5 BNC210 675 mg 20 Diff from Placebo [95% CI] P value -6.61 [-15.93-2.70] -4.78 [-14.04-4.48] -5.69 [-13.72-2.35] -7.31 [-16.58 -1.96] -6.59 [-15.81 -2.62] -6.95 [-14.94-1.04] Better than Placebo Worse than Placebo -36.80 [-83.55-9.94] -41.49 [-88.89-5.91] -39.09 [-79.38-1.21] 5 Better than Placebo Worse than Placebo -3.76 [-11.63-4.11] -6.09 [-13.91 - 1.74] -4.94 [-11.73 1.86] -5.20 [-13.51-3.11] -6.95 [-15.21 1.31] -6.09 [-13.26 -1.08] BNC210 Overall * Bionomics 0.164 0.312 0.165 0.122 0.161 0.088 0.122 0.086 0.057 0.349 0.127 0.155 0.220 0.099 0.096#19Statistical Significance is Achieved when Task Phases are Combined Combining SUDS from all Task Phases is the Optimal Endpoint for Late-Stage Development in SAD AUC of Change in SUDS for Anticipation and Speaking Phases Results of Combined Speaking Task Phases ● 30 25 19 20 15 10 5 -5 -10 MMRM R- P5* AUC A0-P5 • Statistical significance was observed using the selected primary outcome (SUDS) in task stage analysis in the combined dose arm group (increased power) -15 BL R A0 A1 A2 PO P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 R1 R2 R3 Anticipation+Performance *Post-hoc analyses **BNC210 225 mg matched estimated 300 mg Cmax concentrations seen in GAD trial Analysis was based on the observation that BNC210 demonstrated pharmacological activity throughout the public speaking task AUC A+P^^ Resting/Anticipation+Performance H Resting/AUC A+P^ -200 BNC210 225 mg -150 -100 Better than Placebo BNC210 675 mg -50 ^ Mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM); ^^ ANCOVA 0 Diff from Placebo (95% Cl) P value -85.40 [-194.45 - 23.65] 0.124 -108.80 [-219.39 - 1.79] 0.054 -96.79 [-190.85 -2.73] 0.044 -60.20 [-123.40 - 2.90] 0.061 -55.50 [-118.30 - 7.40] 0.083 -57.80 [-112.20 - -3.40] 0.037 Worse than Placebo 225 mg BNC210 was confirmed as the dose for late-stage development* BNC210 Overall .** Bionomics#20Subgroup Analyses* Uncovers a Patient Population for Late-stage Development Subgroup analysis by age 20 *Post-hoc analyses Trends and Statistically Significant Effects for BNC210 in Younger Cohort on SUDS SUBGROUP Age ≤30 Placebo 19 Anticipation + Performance Average^ AUC^^ -30 -200 -150 BNC210 225mg BNC210 675mg BNC210 Overall 18 37 -20 -100 -10 BNC210 225 mg -50 Better than Placebo 0 19 Diff from Placebo (95% CI) -12.68 [-26.09 -0.73] -8.57 [-21.69 - 4.54] -10.57 [-21.98 - 0.84] -122.59 [-226.41--18.77] -85.66 [-188.05 - 16.72] -103.65 [-192.29 - -15.00] Worse than Placebo BNC210 675 mg BNC210 Overall P-value 0.063 0.195 0.069 0.022 0.099 0.023 ^ Mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM); ^^ ANCOVA Bionomics 2#21STAI-State Captures Trends in Prespecified and Post-hoc Analysis and Will be Considered as a Key Endpoint in Late-Stage Trials 21 *Post-hoc analyses Trends and Statistical Significance* for BNC210 in Younger Cohort on STAI Anticipation+Performance^^ FAS Age <=30 -15 -10 -5 Better than Placebo BNC210 225 mg 0 5 -1.89 [-6.20 - 2.42] -3.13 [-7.37 1.11] -2.53 [-6.241.17] -7.24 [-14.33 -0.14] -2.95 [-9.89- 3.99] -5.01 [-10.99-0.98] Worse than Placebo BNC210 675 mg BNC210 Overall 0.388 0.146 0.179 0.046 0.397 0.099 ^ Mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM); ^^ ANCOVA Bionomics 9#22PREVAIL Conclusions are Expected to Enable Late-Stage Development in SAD 22 SUDS Consistent trends in prespecified analyses • Significant effects observed in high anxiety phases of public speaking challenge • Increased confidence in SUDS for primary endpoint - EoPh2 discussion ● Subgroup Analyses Subgroup analyses of age groups and also delivered statistically significant results favoring BNC210 Dose Selection ● ● STAI-State ● BNC210 225 mg and 675 mg achieve similar separation from placebo Combination of active arms increases confidence in data ● Convergence of STAI-state analysis confirmed SUDS observations Potential for secondary endpoint in future late-stage SAD trials Bionomics#2323 Results - Safety & Tolerability Bionomics 9#24Adverse Event Summary: Highly Favorable Safety Profile BNC210 225 mg 7 (14.0) BNC210 675 mg 11 (21.6) Number of Subjects With at Least 1 TEAE (%) By Relationship to Study Drug By Severity Possibly/Probably/Definitely (%) 24 Mild/Moderate/Severe (%) Serious Adverse Event System Organ Class and Preferred Term Nervous System Disorders Somnolence (%) Headache (%) Dizziness (%) Gastrointestinal disorders Abdominal pain upper (%) 3/3/0 (6.0/6.0/0) 5/2/0 (10.0/4.0/0) 0 BNC210 225 mg 2 (4.0) 3 (6.0) 1 (2.0) 0 (0) 2/7/0 (3.9/13.7/0) 9/2/0 (17.6/3.9/0) 0 BNC210 675 mg 6 (11.8) 2 (3.9) 3 (5.9) 2 (3.9) Placebo 3 (6.0) 0/2/0 (0/4.9/0) 3/0/0 (6.0/0/0) 0 Placebo 2 (4.0) 1 (2.0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Overall 21 (13.9) 5/12/0 (3.3/7.9/0) 17/4/0 (11.3/2.6/0) 0 Overall 10 (6.6) 6 (4.0) 4 (2.6) 2 (1.3) No serious nor severe adverse events reported The majority of adverse events were reported as mild (17 out of 21) ➤ The 4 moderate adverse events were dizziness and headache (225 mg BNC210); headache and somnolence (675 mg BNC210) Bionomics#25PREVAIL is expected to enable late-stage development of BNC210 in SAD Options for SUDS-based late-stage endpoints were identified and will be discussed with FDA Questions that PREVAIL Addressed: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 25 Efficacy Primary Outcome Dose Response Patient Population Safety Pharmacokinetics Overall Design Is BNC210 is pharmacologically active and potentially efficacious Analysis of SUDS by combination of phases of the public speaking task delivered stronger trends that reached significance in the combined dose arm No dose separation was observed - BNC210 225 mg will be tested in late-stage trials Focus on younger adults and potentially adolescents which make up most of the SAD population in the real word. Safety and tolerability profile is favorable and compatible with a non-sedating anxiolytic The new BNC210 tablet formulation delivers a PK profile with rapid onset of effect for acute treatment of social anxiety PREVAIL was completed in less than a year. The SAD Task performed as expected Bionomics#26Next steps 2023 is a pivotal year for Bionomics Request and conduct FDA End-of-Phase 2 Meeting by Q3 2023 to discuss the registrational program design Initiate start-up activities for Ph3 study execution targeting First Patient In in late 2023-early 2024 Kick-off financing and partnering discussions Initiate Bionomics' transformation into a late-clinical stage company with enhanced US focus Continue execution of PTSD program targeting a read-out in mid 2023 Continue partnering discussions for Company's preclinical assets (KV3 and PanNav programs) and Merck Collaboration Bionomics#27Q&A Session Bionomics 9